Formation Of Virtual Organizations Research Articles

Coordination mechanisms for digital and sustainable textile supply chain

PurposeSupply chain network is complicated to manage due to the involvement of a number of agents. Formation of virtual organization using Industry 4.0 (I4.0) is an approach to improve the efficiency and effectiveness and to overcome the complexities of the channel. However, the task of managing the channel further becomes complicated after incorporating sustainability into the supply chain. To fill this gap, this paper focuses on designing of mechanism and demonstration of I4.0-based virtual organization to coordinate sustainable supply chain.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, we model and compare I4.0-based virtual organization models using four other traditional contracts with centralized supply chain. The non-cooperative game theoretic approach has been used for the analysis of models.FindingsOur game-theoretic analysis shows that investment in I4.0 and sustainable innovation are beneficial for the overall supply chain. Our results show that linear two-part tariff contract and I4.0-based virtual organization model can perfectly coordinated with the supply chain.Research limitations/implicationsThis study consider deterministic model settings with full information game. Therefore researchers are encouraged to study I4.0-based coordination models under information asymmetry and uncertain situations.Practical implicationsThe paper includes implications for the development of I4.0-based coordination model to tackle the problems of channel coordination.Originality/valueThis study proposes I4.0-based game-theoretic model for the sustainable supply chain coordination.

Віртуальні організації

Trends in the development of modern markets, such as the globalization, the growing importance of product quality, price and customer satisfaction, the increasing importance of sustainable relationships with consumers, the growing importance of the degree of application of new information and communication technologies and the COVID-19 pandemic have significantly influenced the development of new organizational forms of enterprise management. In this regard, the question of the impact of telecommuting on relationships and interpersonal networks within organizations has become relevant. The aim of the article is to analyze the factors influencing to the creation and development of virtual organizations, as well as to identify types of virtual organizations. The research also covers a review of the main foreign and domestic virtual organizations. The article considers the theoretical foundations, factors and they influencing on the formation of virtual organizations. The article analyzes the existing approaches to the definition of a virtual organization, highlights the main types of virtual structures, the main characteristics and advantages of a virtual organization, and also highlights the features characteristic of all types of virtual organizations. The features and main problems of managing virtual organizations are identified. Virtual organization is the newest and potentially promising form of network structures, appeared and became widespread in the last decade. A virtual organization can flexibly change its configuration, where the strategic advantage of such a system provides sustainability and survival in a market economy, the ability of participants to provide flexibility and integration of resources, and the ability to quickly create virtual teams and virtual environments. However, the virtual organization has the same capabilities and potential as a traditional organization, but the virtual organization has not such institutional and structural boundaries.

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN VIRTUAL ORGANIZATIONS

In each organization, the goal of human resource management (HRM) is to form, employ and develop human resources. The massive spread of Internet technologies and the globalization of the economy in the late twentieth century have allowed the enterprises to form a temporary partnership, and subsequently have led to the formation and expansion of virtual organizations (VO) by establishing these relationships over the Internet. Unquestionably, the success of VO depends on appropriate organization of HRM and selection, deployment, socialization, motivation and evaluation of employees and partners. In this regard, this paper analyzes the features of HRM in VO and proposes methods for the recruitment and assessment of the performance of virtual employees (contractors). The article analyzes the specific features of HRM in VO. The issues of HRM in VT are characterized as decision-making in fuzzy environment. Based on the peer comparison of expert estimates for the alternatives, including on the hierarchical analysis method, detection of the contradictions in the expert estimates and multiplicative aggregation methods, a decision making technique is proposed for the recruitment of the employees. Assessment of the virtual employees’ performance to achieve overall objective of the organization is formulated as a decision-making process in distributed environment and appropriate decision-making methods are proposed. The proposed approach is a methodological framework for decision support for human resources management in virtual organizations. This system can support more objective and scientifically justified decision-making on presented task. It can also enable VO to be more "reliable" in relation to the "trust" component for the formation of VO, which is the key point for the increase of the effectiveness of VO.

ВЫБОР ЭФФЕКТИВНЫХ ВИДОВ ВИРТУАЛЬНЫХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ ДЛЯ АВИАЦИОННО- КОСМИЧЕСКОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ

Methodological postulates that allow to raise the issue of the formation of virtual organizations in the aerospace industry in the context of corporate structures and material, mainly assets - are formulated. The classication scheme of basic virtual organizations, based on the analysis of conceptual directions of information integration, has been claried. The author’s version of the hierarchical classication scheme of virtual organizations is considered. The recommendations on the forms of virtual organizations based on the selection of the most appropriate aerospace industry from the presented classication scheme of virtualization forms are formulated.

Virtual organization: specifics of creation of personnel management system

Development of new types of organizations such as a Virtual organization brought for society certain possibilities and opportunities which usually are named as advantages, but also they can be observed as challenges or even named as a problems within organization. Models and methods applied in personnel management should be adequate and meet requirements of markets and present newest scientific mind in order not to cause decrease of competitiveness, loss of potential markets, not to cause social problems, such as unemployment, migration, disproportion between regions, etc. Due to the following reasons, the perception of personnel improvement problems and their solutions stand not only for business development factor. These circumstances formed the topicality of the article subject. Virtual organizations formation priorities contains personnel selection of virtual organization, determination of work nature principles, determination of personnel motivational factors, determination of size for the most productive intellectual activity team, problems of education and experience coordination, others. In organizing business activities under current globalization trends and adapting personnel management by network model, implementation of these priorities should be foreseen by formed virtual organizations’ goals and strategies, as well as personnel management process. Management by network has to be developed using systematic approach, emphasizing priorities in personnel management activity, taking into consideration defined organizational tasks and possibilities to coordinate them with personnel goals, together organizational activity has to be distinguished by flexibility and adaptability, according to market requirements. Goal of the research was to construct a model of personnel management of virtual organization that create possibilities to manage geographically dispersed personnel using information technologies. Methods of the research – there was applied systematic analysis that allowed disclosing personnel management specifics under the conditions of virtual organizations’ development. In performing the research there were used methods of comparison, summarization and documentary analysis.

A Merge-and-Split Mechanism for Dynamic Virtual Organization Formation in Grids

Executing large-scale application programs in grids requires resources from several grid service providers (GSPs). These providers form virtual organizations (VOs) by pooling their resources together to provide the required capabilities to execute the application. We model the VO formation in grids using concepts from the coalitional game theory and design a mechanism for VO formation. The mechanism enables the GSPs to organize into VOs reducing the cost of execution and guaranteeing maximum profit for the GSPs. Furthermore, the mechanism guarantees that the VOs are stable, that is, the GSPs do not have incentives to break away from the current VO and join some other VO. We perform extensive simulation experiments using real-workload traces to characterize the properties of the proposed mechanism. The results show that the mechanism produces VOs that are stable yielding high revenue for the participating GSPs.

Benefits and challenges of knowledge creation in concurrent virtual professional organisation formation and operation

The study examines how concurrent virtual professional organisation VPO formation and operation affects knowledge creation. Usually virtual organisation formation and operation are discussed as consecutive phases. The phenomenon is studied by a qualitative research approach and a single case study. The studied case is a project preparation PP, the goal of which is to start a public research project. Knowledge creation plays an important role in PP. As a theoretical contribution, the article presents a dynamic model that connects the concurrent VPO formation and operation phases to knowledge creation. As a practical implication, the study suggests that in an uncertain and hectic environment, concurrent VPO formation and operation may be unnecessary. To manage this kind of a situation successfully, dynamic coordination competencies are needed.

Virtual-network form of management of international innovation project

In the conditions of globalization and development of information technology network principle of interaction and virtual character of business opens a new form of project management. This form is called virtual-network form and it can be used in international innovation, research and scientific activities aimed at creating innovative technologies and products. The author has identified the causes, characteristics and principles of formation of virtual organizations (virtual scientific collectives) in the form of consortium.

VOMES: a virtual organisation membership evaluation system

A grid supports geographically distributed resource sharing among multiple organisations, which can be considered as a special type of virtual organisations (VO). A cyberinfrastructure (CI) environment supports formation and management of multiple such VOs to meet various computing demands for researchers and scientists in different areas. How to found a trustable VO and aggregate reliable resources and users for the cross-domain collaboration in a CI becomes an important issue. In this work, a VO membership evaluation system (VOMES) is proposed to address this new challenge brought by the CI environment. VOMES includes a layered reputation system and a committee-based decision-making method to verify a new applicant to a VO and maintain corresponding VO trust levels. Simulation results show that our reputation system is accurate, robust and stable. VOMES can automatically help members in a CI environment establish and maintain VOs with high trust levels.

The Important of Virtual Organization

Academic researches show that the capability of virtual organization has an important role in long-time existence of the business enterprises in today's variable and competitive environments. In recent years, because of the importance of the virtual organization, many studies and analysis has been done on this subject. Each one of these researches are concentrated on a special aspect of this subject, and this different looking has caused that despite the importance of the virtual organization, there are so many discussions and ambiguous theory points in this field, yet. When a business opportunity is distinguished, a need for planning and developing a virtual organization, developing an agreement or cooperation contracts among members or good participants and adjusting and arranging the desirable base in order to run the operations according to the agreement is appeared. In this paper the process of virtual organization formation is investigated

The process of virtual organization formation

When a business opportunity is distinguished, a need for planning and developing a virtual organization, developing an agreement or cooperation contracts among members or good participants and adjusting and arranging the desirable base in order to run the operations according to the agreement is appeared. In this paper the process of virtual organization formation is investigated.

Towards a Model for Dynamic Formation and Operation of Virtual Organizations for Transportation

Towards a Model for Dynamic Formation and Operation of Virtual Organizations for Transportation

Reputation management in collaborative computing systems

AbstractIn collaborative systems, a set of organizations shares their computing resources, such as compute cycles, storage space or on‐line services, in order to establish Virtual Organizations (VOs) aimed at achieving common tasks. The formation and operation of Virtual Organizations involve establishing trust among their members and reputation is one measure by which such trust can be quantified and reasoned about. In this paper, we contribute to research in the area of trust for collaborative computing systems along two directions: first, we provide a survey on the main reputation‐based systems that fulfil the trust requirements for collaborative systems, including reputation systems designed for e‐commerce, agent‐based environments, and Peer‐to‐Peer computing and Grid‐based systems. Second, we present a model for reputation management for Grid Virtual Organizations that is based on utility computing and that can be used to rate users according to their resource usage and resources and their providers according to the quality of service they deliver. We also demonstrate, through Grid simulations, how the model can be used in improving completion and welfare in Virtual Organizations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Trust establishment in the formation of Virtual Organizations

Virtual Organizations (VOs) represent a new collaboration paradigm in which the participating entities pool resources, services, and information to achieve a common goal. VOs represent an interesting approach for companies to achieve new and profitable business opportunities by being able to dynamically partner with others. Thus, choosing the appropriate VO partners is a crucial aspect. Ensuring trustworthiness of the members is also fundamental for making the best decisions. In this paper, we show how trust negotiation represents an effective means to select the best possible members during different stages in the VO lifecycle. We base our discussion on concrete application scenarios and illustrate the tools created by us that integrate trust negotiation with a VO Management toolkit.

The formation of virtual organizations by means of electronic institutions in a 3D e-Tourism environment

In this article we showcase an agent-mediated B2C and B2B e-Marketplace. This e-Marketplace is part of the social and immersive 3D e-Tourism environment “Itchy Feet”. We give an overview of the framework that forms the basis of the e-Marketplace and show how it is used to create B2C-, B2B- and Virtual Organizations that are visualized in a 3D Virtual World. This interface provides users with an intuitive and easy way to interact with humans and software agents by means of a 3D Virtual World. The business logic is realized by autonomous software agents offering services to customers. The e-Marketplace is regulated by Electronic Institutions to ensure that all participants adhere to the rules of the market. The article is concluded with a detailed discussion on bridging the gaps between Multi-Agent Systems and 3D Virtual Worlds and the preliminary results of a conducted usability study of “Itchy Feet”.

Competency modelling targeted on boosting configuration of virtual organisations

The modelling of organisation's competency has been researched during the last decades. One line of this research has focused on addressing collaborative networks of organisations. Virtual organisations breeding environments (VBEs), as the base for dynamic formation of virtual organisations (VOs), are particularly in need of strong management of their organisations’ competencies. Many large first generation VBEs fail due to their inability to dynamically process and analyse information about their member organisations and particularly processing their members’ competencies needed for dynamic and agile VO configuration. This article introduces the ‘4C-model’ (capabilities + capacities + costs + conspicuities) developed to comprehensively specify competencies of VBE member organisations. As such, the 4C-model directly addresses and promotes efficiency in VO formation, and thus increases organisations’ involvement in potential virtual organisations. The article further addresses the development of an ontology for the competency model.

Dynamic change handling for inter-organisational workflows in open virtual eMarketplaces

Electronic marketplaces (eMarketplaces) help companies react more flexibly to customer demands by automating various types of transactions online. However, despite this advantage, eMarketplaces pose significant challenges in respect of change management for the participating companies, due to lack of central control, information opacity and heterogeneity of information systems. In order to address these problems, this paper presents an agent-based framework for handling change in dynamic inter-organisational workflows (ADIOF) in virtual environments. The framework utilises the unique strengths of agent technology such as autonomy, intelligence and collaboration, which enables formation of virtual organisations and adaptive and dynamic coordination of inter-organisational workflows (IOWs). The framework also adopts software component technology to enable plug-and-play style interaction protocols among agent systems. The key ideas of the framework are illustrated using an example case. A proof-of-concept implementation of ADIOF is also presented.

An Adaptive Reputation-Based Algorithm for Grid Virtual Organization Formation

A novel adaptive reputation-based virtual organization formation is proposed. It restrains the bad performers effectively based on the consideration of the global experience of the evaluator and evaluates the direct trust relation between two grid nodes accurately by consulting the previous trust value rationally. It also consults and improves the reputation evaluation process in PathTrust model by taking account of the inter-organizational trust relationship and combines it with direct and recommended trust in a weighted way, which makes the algorithm more robust against collusion attacks. Additionally, the proposed algorithm considers the perspective of the VO creator and takes required VO services as one of the most important fine-grained evaluation criterion, which makes the algorithm more suitable for constructing VOs in grid environments that include autonomous organizations. Simulation results show that our algorithm restrains the bad performers and resists against fake transaction attacks and badmouth attacks effectively. It provides a clear advantage in the design of a VO infrastructure.

The RBVO Formation Protocol

The proposed protocol has been designed to support the flexible formation of Request-Based Virtual Organisations (RBVOs) with an emphasis on reflecting the conditions of real competitive environments. It supports automated or semi-automated negotiations mainly in the creation part of a Virtual Organisation (VO) life cycle and it accounts for the use of Service Level Agreements (SLAs). The protocol consists of three phases: (1) potential partner search, (2) negotiation of SLAs and the RBVO establishment, and (3) RBVO (execution and) dissolution. The protocol complies with Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents (FIPA) standards and it has been utilised in the multiagent prototype in a real industrial case. The prototype has been implemented on top of a web-service-based agent platform.

Formation of virtual organizations in grids: a game‐theoretic approach

AbstractApplications require the composition of resources to execute in a grid computing environment. The grid service providers (GSPs), the owners of the computational resources, must form virtual organizations (VOs) to be able to provide the composite resource. We consider grids as self‐organizing systems composed of autonomous, self‐interested GSPs that will organize themselves into VOs with every GSP having the objective of maximizing its profit. Using game theory, we formulate the resource composition among GSPs as a coalition formation problem and propose a framework to model and solve it. Using this framework, we propose a resource management system that supports the VO formation among GSPs in a grid computing system. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.