Virtual Office Research Articles

Pengaruh Pemanfaatan Smart Office Terhadap Keberlangsungan Operasional Perusahaan di Jakarta (Studi Kasus Tenant PT Menara Properti Indonesia Tahun 2021)

The purpose of this study is to determine the use of Smart Office which consists of two indicators, namely Virtual Office and Serviced Office on the Company's Operational Sustainability which consists of several indicators, including desks, chairs, and private offices; internet connection, and electricity; free printing; free meeting rooms; full pantry; receptionist; cleaning services; and the domicile of the company at the tenants registered with PT Menara Properti Indonesia. This study uses a survey method conducted on all tenants registered at PT Menara Properti Indonesia, both users of Virtual Office and Serviced Office services. The results of this study indicate that there is an influence between the use of smart offices and the company's operational sustainability at the tenants of PT Menara Properti Indonesia.

Hilangnya Retribusi Daerah Terkait Layanan Virtual Office

This research discusses the loss of regional fees related to virtual office services, which is very important to do. The loss of regional fees in virtual office services is the main focus of attention for local governments because it can have an impact on regional financial revenues and limitations in providing public facilities for the community. In the context of virtual office services, regional fees should be paid by service providers to local governments as a form of contribution to regional development and equity in public services. This regional fee is a certain licensing fee that must be imposed on virtual office service providers. For this reason, the purpose of this research is to find out the form of responsibility of virtual office service providers regarding the loss of regional fees. In this study, the method applied is normative research method which combines two approaches, namely the statutory approach and the conceptual approach. The results of the analysis of this study are that virtual offices that neglect their obligations in making regional retribution payments either intentionally or as a result of digital system errors must still be held responsible for these actions. The form of accountability carried out by the virtual office is in the form of fines and imprisonment which are regulated in written regulations set by the government

Office Management Competencies Model Based on Industrial Perspectives

Purpose: this paper’s purpose is to explore competencies that should be acquired by graduates according to industries that they will work for. This study also proposes a model for competencies for office management aspect in industries and the categorization of these competencies and activities based on not only the education background but also the management level in an organization. Theoretical framework: The literature used in this study consists of many sources. However, we emphasize on the work description that is required in office management (Hollis-Turner; 2015 and Maynard; 1967). Design/methodology/approach: We gathered several cross-sectional articles on office competencies, and we also collected primary data through interviews with three experienced professionals in offices. We use critical systems heuristics to structure the answers, as well as construct the model of office competencies. Findings: The results of this research are two folds. First, the exploration of office management field competencies has several discrepancies between industrial perspectives and what are taught at the university or school, including soft skill competencies that should be given when graduates were still in school or university. Second result is the model is constructed that has significant contribution for the academic and industrial aspects. Research, Practical & Social implications: We would suggest that academic world would learn and adapt from the model constructed to avoid future misconception on office competencies. In the future, more office research will enrich the resources to determine the curriculum especially in office management. Originality/value: The result of this study emphasizes that while office can be changed into virtual offices, the competencies to run an office are still needed. Hence, this study shows the perspective from industries in Indonesia that can be used for curriculum redesign in universities and schools.

How salutogenic workplace characteristics influence psychological and cognitive responses in a virtual environment

Until today, most research focussed on the effects of pathogenic workplace demands on employee illness instead of on salutogenic resources on health. Using a stated-choice experiment in a virtual open-plan office, this study identifies key design aspects that enhance psychological and cognitive responses, ultimately improving health outcomes. The study systematically varied six workplace attributes: screens between workstations, occupancy rate, presence of plants, views outside, window-to-wall ratio (WWR), and colour palette. Each attribute predicted perceptions of at least one psychological or cognitive state. Plants had the highest relative importance for all expected responses but views outside with ample daylight, red/warm wall colours, and a low occupancy rate without screens between desks were also important. Low-cost interventions like adding plants, removing screens, and using warm wall colours can contribute to a healthier open-plan office environment. These insights can guide workplace managers to design environments that support employees’ mental states and health. Practitioner summary: Salutogenic workplace resources that promote health have been understudied. This study aimed to show which workplace characteristics caused positive psychological and cognitive responses to improve health, using a stated-choice experiment in a virtual office environment. Plants in the office were the most important attribute for employees’ psychological and cognitive responses.

Crossed Effect of Acoustics on Thermal Comfort and Productivity in Workplaces: A Case Study in Virtual Reality

During the last decades, virtual reality (VR) has been devoted to supporting research in the architecture, engineering, and construction sectors because of its ability to provide multisensory three-dimensional (3D) environments. However, the use of immersive virtual environments (IVEs) in the design of the built environment is still in its infancy, and it is limited to visually designed spaces. In addition, a fundamental challenge lies in improving the sense of hearing. The effective simulation of the built environment with an overall realistic perception will support designers when identifying the influence of design decisions and building acoustics on individuals, therefore, properly designing acoustic strategies. In this study, five disrupting sound sources were selected to create a binaural soundtrack that was integrated within a virtual office environment to evaluate the effectiveness of the model (i.e., ecological validity) and the effects of acoustics on user comfort and cognitive performance (i.e., criterion validity). Independent measure design research was employed. In total, 104 participants performed working memory, inhibition, and task-switching tests under quiet (Q) or noise (N) conditions when the indoor air temperature remained constant. The results showed that the modeled virtual office created an excellent level of presence and immersivity with no significant cybersickness disorders (i.e., ecological validity). Ambient noise disrupted work efficiency with a relevant decrease in performance in each cognitive test (i.e., criterion validity). The sound environment was assessed as uncomfortable, chaotic, and boring. In addition, it negatively impacted the subjects’ thermal comfort vote (TCV). These results suggested the adequacy of IVE when providing an accurate representation of the variables measured; therefore, it supported effective user-centered design analysis and strategies.

Adding virtual plants leads to higher cognitive performance and psychological well-being in virtual reality

Previous research has shown the positive effects of exposure to real and virtual nature. To investigate how such benefits might generalize to ever-more-prevalent virtual workplaces, we examined the effects of the absence or presence of virtual plants in an office environment in Virtual Reality (VR) on users’ cognitive performance and psychological well-being. The results of our user study with 39 participants show that in the presence of virtual plants, participants performed significantly better in both short-term memory and creativity tasks. Furthermore, they reported higher psychological well-being scores, including positive affect and attentive coping, whilst reporting lower feelings of anger and aggression after exposure to virtual plants in VR. The virtual office with plants was also perceived as more restorative and induced a higher sense of presence. Overall, these results highlight how the presence of virtual plants in VR can have positive influences on users, and therefore, constitute important design considerations when developing future working and learning spaces.

Be prepared: How training and emergency type affect evacuation behaviour

AbstractBackgroundVideo‐based training has been widely adopted by private organizations and public authorities to educate occupants on various types of building emergencies. However, the effectiveness of video‐based training for preparing occupants for building emergencies has not been rigorously studied nor has the impact of emergency type been investigated on training effectiveness.ObjectivesThis study examines whether video‐based training is an effective method to prepare occupants for building emergencies and how the effectiveness differs in the context of different building emergencies.MethodsWe simulated fire and active shooter emergencies in a virtual office building and conducted evacuation experiments to examine participants' emergency responses using both objective and subjective metrics. A total of 108 participants were recruited and responded to the fire or active shooter incident with or without video‐based training.Results and ConclusionsThe results revealed that participants with video‐based training more often chose to follow other recommendations when responding to building emergencies instead of simply following others. Results from ANOVA showed that training increased participants' self‐efficacy significantly, especially for those in the active shooter group. Moreover, participants in the active shooter simulation had a higher level of response efficacy than those in the fire emergency simulation. Our results also demonstrated the influence of emergency type on participants' final decisions and considerations of the recommendations.ImplicationsOur results suggested that video‐based training is effective in improving participants' emergency preparedness and changing their behaviour patterns to a certain extent such as reducing following behaviour and encouraging safe evacuations. Additionally, statistically significant interactions between video‐based training and emergency types suggested that training effectiveness should be considered in accordance with the emergency type.

Development and application of an experimental framework for the use of virtual reality to assess building users’ productivity, comfort, and adaptive-behaviour

The use of Virtual Reality (VR) to assess comfort, productivity, and behaviour in built environments is currently emerging. However, an effective and standardised methodology to support researchers in performing VR tests to collect reliable data is lacking. Thus, the study aims to develop a novel and comprehensive experimental framework for organising the application of VR in this research domain, based on five validity types: content, internal, face, ecological, and criterion validity. To illustrate its suitability and applicability, the framework was applied to a single-domain case study of a virtual office room. 52 volunteers were recruited to perform cognitive tests (Stroop test, OSPAN test, Magnitude-Parity test) and answer questionnaires. Tests and surveys have been developed to support the content validity of the research. Each test was performed under different thermal stimuli: 24 °C and 16 °C, randomly assigned, to pursue internal validity. The first goal was to demonstrate that the framework allowed the creation of highly immersive scenarios. Findings confirmed the ecological validity of the model with an excellent sense of presence, graphical satisfaction, involvement and realism and non-significant levels of cybersickness. The second aim concerned the evaluation of the ability of the VR environment to capture the influence of the temperature set point on the dependent variables. As expected, a statistically significant influence was detected only on thermal comfort votes and adaptive behaviour, thus supporting the criterion validity. Results highlighted the values and potentialities of applying the present framework in the context of the emerging multi-domain research in support of user-centred design.

You Can’t Hide Behind Your Headset: User Profiling in Augmented and Virtual Reality

Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR and VR), collectively known as Extended Reality (XR), are increasingly gaining traction thanks to their technical advancement and the need for remote connections, recently accentuated by the pandemic. Remote surgery, telerobotics, and virtual offices are only some examples of their successes. As users interact with XR, they generate extensive behavioral data usually leveraged for measuring human activity, which could be used for profiling users’ identities or personal information (e.g., gender). However, several factors affect the efficiency of profiling, such as the technology employed, the action taken, the mental workload, the presence of bias, and the sensors available. To date, no study has considered all of these factors together and in their entirety, limiting the current understanding of XR profiling. In this work, we provide a comprehensive study on user profiling in virtual technologies (i.e., AR, VR). Specifically, we employ machine learning on behavioral data (i.e., head, controllers, and eye data) to identify users and infer their individual attributes (i.e., age, gender). Toward this end, we propose a general framework that can potentially infer any personal information from any virtual scenarios. We test our framework on eleven generic actions (e.g., walking, searching, pointing) involving low and high mental loads, derived from two distinct use cases: an AR everyday application (34 participants) and VR robot teleoperation (35 participants). Our framework limits the burden of creating technology- and action-dependent algorithms, also reducing the experimental bias evidenced in previous work, providing a simple (yet effective) baseline for future works. We identified users up to 97% F1-score in VR and 80% in AR. Gender and Age inference was also facilitated in VR, reaching up to 82% and 90% F1-score, respectively. Through an in-depth analysis of sensors’ impact, we found VR profiling resulting more effective than AR mainly because of the eye sensors’ presence.

Employee Engagement and Multimodal Behavioral Analytics, Generative Artificial Intelligence and Workplace Tracking Systems, and Wearable Augmented Reality Devices in Immersive Digital and Virtual Office Spaces

Employee Engagement and Multimodal Behavioral Analytics, Generative Artificial Intelligence and Workplace Tracking Systems, and Wearable Augmented Reality Devices in Immersive Digital and Virtual Office Spaces

Employee Monitoring Software, Wearable Sensor-based Devices, and Generative Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Communication and Collaboration Tools in Immersive Digital and Virtual Office Spaces

Employee Monitoring Software, Wearable Sensor-based Devices, and Generative Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Communication and Collaboration Tools in Immersive Digital and Virtual Office Spaces

The Effect of Teleworking on Work Stress Among Non-Teaching Employees in Public Universities: A Case of the University of Nairobi and South Eastern Kenya University

Teleworking is an alternative work arrangement, where information and communication technologies enable employees to work outside the traditional working space. Work related stress can therefore spill over to the virtual offices from the traditional offices. This study aimed at finding out if teleworking had any effect on work stress among non-teaching employees in the public universities. University of Nairobi and South Eastern Kenyan University were picked to represent all other public universities. The theories guiding the study were the Organizational adaptation theory and the transactional theory of stress. The researcher used descriptive design and the target population was the senior administrative staff (grade 11 to 15), middle grades (grade A to F) and grade 1 to 4. A sample size of 357 was obtained from the target population of 3289 and questionnaires were administered. Data was presented through charts, graphs and tables. Regression analysis was used to establish the relationship between the teleworking and work stress. The results revealed that Public universities were using teleworking as an alternative way of organization work with Zoom being the most used form although there seemed to be some departments where teleworking was a challenge due to nature of work. Teleworking came with its own challenges among them being internet connectivity issues and power outages. The study concluded that teleworking had an effect on work stress among the non-teaching employees in the public universities in Kenya. Social isolation contributed most to the work stress, followed by the inability to make decisions remotely. Convenience due to Teleworking reduced the level of work stress. The study recommended that public universities should work on their ICT infrastructure to ensure that employees are well connected since network and internet connection were sighted as the most challenging issue in the teleworking. A proper reporting and feedback teleworking mechanism should be employed to ensure that feedback is received on time to facilitate action taking. Investing in training of staff is also important since it will make employees work with a lot of ease hence, less stress. Employees need to interact physically once in a while which in turn reduces stress levels. A well-organized way of working would reduce the pressure that comes with teleworking. Keywords: Teleworking, Work Stress, Non-teaching Employees, Public Universities, University of Nairobi, South Eastern Kenya University, Kenya DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/15-2-04 Publication date: January 31 st 2023

Effects of Biophilic Design Interventions on University Students' Cognitive Performance: An Audio-Visual Experimental Study in an Immersive Virtual Office Environment

Effects of Biophilic Design Interventions on University Students' Cognitive Performance: An Audio-Visual Experimental Study in an Immersive Virtual Office Environment

Vicious Circle of Incivility in Hybrid Workplaces: Undermining or Underpinning it

Remote working is a common practice adopted by Industries post covid . Hybrid working is predicted as future of work. A body which is growing continuously pertaining to the research areas explored the incivility, which is basically defined as the aspect of low intensity deviant workplace behaviors along with intent for harming colleagues. Close to the past two decades, some of the theoretical and conceptual introduction about workplace instability has always been constructive and all the research in this domain has taken off in various directions. Much research has been carried out for workplace incivility however in this paper discussion is directed towards incivility in remote working environments. In this particular paper, researchers analyze its respective components, the relationship with the aspect of both incivility and outcomes negatively in terms of well-being. In this paper, researchers also analyze how workplace incivility affects the professional and personal life of each individual. Some of the social and organizational factors are also examined which are responsible for promoting workplace incivility in virtual office spaces.As known through existing literature that increase in amount of collaboration at the workplace, incivility can be very critical because these kinds of actions can negatively impact the aspect of teamwork and even can destroy teams already working together for a longer period of time. The study is done based on secondary research methodology as the literature already in existence will be considered with the help of internet and keywords and relevant, accurate and available information will be reviewed and mentioned in this particular paper. Scopus, Google Scholar, Emerald e journal databases with others have been used to search for existing literature in this topic. Content analysis method was used for finding out this kind of information Keywords: workplace incivility, remote working, negative behaviors, Hybrid workspace etc.

PENGARUH HARGA DAN IKLAN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PENYEWAAN VIRTUAL OFFICE PT. MULTI ENERGI SELARAS (MESO)

The purpose of this thesis is to find out how much consumer interest in choosing to rent an office with a virtual office system with prices and advertisements can influence consumer decisions of PT. Multi Energi Selaras. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the price had a negative and insignificant effect on the rental decision, while the advertising had a positive and significant effect on the rental decision. Price partially has a positive and significant effect on rental decisions. Advertising partially positive and significant effect on rental decisions.

Establishing a telemedicine program for interventional radiology: a study of patient opinion and experience.

PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic forced healthcare officials to implement new policies, such as the use of virtual consultations over office-based medical appointments, to reduce the transmission of the virus. The purpose of this study is to quantitatively compare patients' experiences with virtual outpatient telemedicine encounters at a single academic institution in Interventional Radiology (IR) and in-person visits during the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The TeleENT Satisfaction Questionnaire and the Medical Communication Competence Scale (MCCS) were used to survey patients' satisfaction with both in-person and virtual office visits. RESULTS Ninety respondents (38 in-person, 52 virtual) acknowledged numerous benefits of virtual visits versus in-person office visits including reductions in time, cost, and potential viral transmission risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. No statistically significant difference was noted, based on a Likert scale from 1 to 7, between in-person and virtual visits (all p > 0.05) for scheduling related factors. No statistically significant difference was noted in any of the MCCS subscales between the two cohorts in regards to medical information communication (all p > 0.05). A majority of patients with virtual encounters (82.7%) stated that it was easy to obtain an electronic device for use during the telemedicine visit, and 73.1% of patients felt that setting up the telemedicine encounter was easy. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that telemedicine is an acceptable alternative to in-office appointments and could increase access to IR care outside of the traditional physician-patient interaction. With telemedicine visits, patients can communicate their concerns and obtain information from the doctor with noninferior communication compared to in-person visits.

Cross-cultural assessment of the effect of spatial information on firefighters’ wayfinding performance: A virtual reality-based study

When firefighters conduct search and rescue operations during building fire emergencies, effective wayfinding plays a critical role in protecting them from disorientation and improving the efficiency of their operations. However, whether and how different cultural backgrounds affect firefighters' acquisition and utilization of spatial knowledge during wayfinding tasks has not been comprehensively explored. To narrow this knowledge gap, we conducted a virtual reality-based search and rescue experiment with a 4 (spatial information type: control, landmark, route, and survey condition) × 2 (culture: the US and China) mixed factorial design. For each trial, firefighters were required to find three trapped victims in a virtual office maze within 3 min after a 3-min review of a certain type of spatial information. The wayfinding performance metrics (number of victims found, rescue score, distance to the goal path), direction decision-making strategy, and cognitive load of 62 firefighter participants were measured and analyzed. The results indicated that spatial information type, culture, and the interaction influence between them all significantly affected the firefighters' wayfinding performance. We found that the route and survey information contributed to firefighters' wayfinding performance with different degrees of influence on the US and Chinese firefighters; whereas the landmark information increased firefighters’ cognitive load and impaired their wayfinding performance. We also found that the acquisition and utilization process of spatial information for navigation varied among different cultures. The findings of this study are expected to help develop better training strategies for firefighters, as well as improve their safety and efficiency during search and rescue operations.

The impact of developmental dyslexia on workplace cognition: evidence from a virtual reality environment

ABSTRACT The cognitive difficulties associated with dyslexia persist into adulthood but insights into their impact in employment settings are lacking. A virtual office environment was used to assess two areas of cognition frequently called upon in the workplace, executive function and prospective memory. Eight adults with dyslexia and 27 adults without dyslexia were tested on a virtual office task. They read a scenario describing their new role in an office and were given tasks to complete. The group with dyslexia performed worse overall. On the individual performance measures, the group with dyslexia scored lower on the selective-thinking and planning measures of executive function and also performed worse on two of the three prospective memory measures, namely event-based and time-based prospective memory. The findings indicate how dyslexia can affect workplace cognition, identifying areas in which support might be needed and highlighting areas of relative strength which might be harnessed.

Perancangan Aplikasi Penyewaan Virtual Office (VO) Pada PT. Berkah Sinergi Keluarga Konsultindo Berbasis Web

PT. Berkah Sinergi Keluarga Konsultindo or Quickle Permit is a virtual office (vo) service provider engaged in law and services located in South Jakarta. Based on the research that has been done by the author through direct observation of the company, it is known that PT. The blessing of the Synergy of the Konsultindo Family experienced an increase in the number of virtual office (vo) service users. Until 2022, service users from PT. Thanks to the Synergy of the Konsultindo Family, there are already 214 companies that use the virtual office (vo) service. Of the many virtual office (VO) rental orders, there is no system that can manage information about the availability of virtual office (VO) packages, prices, facilities, and problems in processing rental or client data that make current clients complain about some of these problems. The stages of system development in making this information system use the SDLC method and programming language (PHP) and with MySQL for data storage. With the web-based virtual office (VO) rental information system that we created, we will handle these problems by assisting clients in viewing information related to virtual offices (VO) and ordering virtual office (VO) rentals without having to come directly to the company and making it easier for clients to access information on availability of virtual office (VO) packages and make.

Investigating sustained attention in contextual threat using steady-state VEPs evoked by flickering video stimuli.

Anxiety is characterized by anxious anticipation and heightened vigilance to uncertain threat. However, if threat is not reliably indicated by a specific cue, the context in which threat was previously experienced becomes its best predictor, leading to anxiety. A suitable means to induce anxiety experimentally is context conditioning: In one context (CTX+), an unpredictable aversive stimulus (US) is repeatedly presented, in contrast to a second context (CTX-), in which no US is ever presented. In this EEG study, we investigated attentional mechanisms during acquisition and extinction learning in 38 participants, who underwent a context conditioning protocol. Flickering video stimuli (32 s clips depicting virtual offices representing CTX+/-) were used to evoke steady-state visual evoked potentials (ssVEPs) as an index of visuocortical engagement with the contexts. Analyses of the electrocortical responses suggest a successful induction of the ssVEP signal by video presentation in flicker mode. Furthermore, we found clear indices of context conditioning and extinction learning on a subjective level, while cortical processing of the CTX+ was unexpectedly reduced during video presentation. The differences between CTX+ and CTX- diminished during extinction learning. Together, these results indicate that the dynamic sensory input of the video presentation leads to disruptions in the ssVEP signal, which is greater for motivationally significant, threatening contexts.