Virtual Measurement System Research Articles

Contribution to the development of a digital twin based on CMM to support the inspection process

Digital twin (DT) based on CMMs acting as a mirror between the physical and virtual measuring system and process. The inspection planning process performed on the virtual components of DT, and execution of measurement on the physical components. In this paper the measurement system with the DEA-IOTA-2203 was used as a physical twin, and a virtual machine, generated after modeling and configuring in PTC Creo software. Also, a simulation process was performed in order to check the collision and generate a measuring path for one example prismatic part. The information flow is unidirectional and flowing from the virtual to the physical inspection system based on CMM. In this way, a data format or a list of instructions for the physical machine and its movements per axes is provided. Virtual measurement system is developed for inspection of the standard types of tolerances and family of prismatic mechanical parts. The result of this paper is a new contribution to the development of the digital twin for CMM based on unidirectional information flow by.ncl (DMIS) file. The application of the results of DT development is especially pronounced when planning the inspection of prismatic parts with a large number of tolerances in industrial conditions.

Digital measurement twin for CMM inspection based on step-NC

ABSTRACT The paper presents digital measurement twin (DMT) for CMM based on STEP-NC. DMT is acting as a mirror between the physical and virtual measuring world. In this paper, the measurement system with a 3-axis CMM ZEISS UMM 500 was used as a physical twin, and a virtual machine, generated after modelling and configuring in PTC Creo software of both the machine itself and the prismatic workpiece (PW) and fixture clamps, was employed as a digital twin. STEP-NC file was generated in format P21 by programming the measuring path and simulation of the virtual measurement system operation for two types of tolerances (concentricity and perpendicularity) and three inspection features (IF) (plane, cylinder and truncated cone) in STEP-NC Machine software. Towards double digital twin, using the developed translator for two strategies, STEP-NC and a novel strategy, for obtaining measuring paths, this file is converted to a control data list (CDL), with instructions for the UMM500 axes movement according to a new indirect programming method based on the standard ISO 10303–238. Consequently, the result of this paper is off-line DMT based on STEP-NC by virtue of CDL. Web interface of the DMT based on STEP-NC uses NC.js which deploys Javascript.

A virtual parallel two-point roundness error measurement system

As a typical artifact in machining, the roundness of shaft artifacts is an important tolerance standard. How to measure with high precision in ultra-precision machining is a difficult point. At present, the three-probe method is the most widely used method to measure spindle rotation error and artifact roundness error, which has the advantage of on-machine measurement, but the three-probe method has the critical problem of harmonic suppression. To completely separate the spindle error when measuring the roundness of the artifact, a new virtual parallel two-point measurement system is proposed in this paper. The probe is fixed on the flexible hinge stage, which is driven by a voice coil motor so that the measurement function of two probes can be realized only by using a single probe. Detailed numerical analysis and simulation analysis have been carried out to verify that the method can completely separate the spindle error in theory. Finally, the accuracy of the measurement system is tested through experiments. The new method results are compared with the single-point scanning method without error separation and the high-precision roundness instrument Talyrond 585LT. The comparison results show that the new method can separate the rotation error of the spindle and can improve the roundness measurement accuracy.

Application of Ultrasound Virtual Reality in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases.

Cardiovascular disease is a common chronic disease in the medical field, which has a great impact on the health of Chinese residents (especially the elderly). At present, the effectiveness of the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in my country is not optimistic. Overall, the prevalence and mortality of CVD are still on the rise. The timely and effective detection and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are of great practical significance to improve the health of residents and to carry out prevention and treatment. This article aims to study the application of ultrasound-based virtual reality technology in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the diagnosis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases by medical staff. The focus is on the application of feature attribute selection related algorithms and classification related algorithms in medical and health diagnosis systems, and a cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease diagnosis system based on naive Bayes algorithm and improved genetic algorithm is designed and developed. The system builds a diagnostic model for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and diagnoses and displays the corresponding results based on the patient's examination data. This paper first puts forward the theoretical concepts of ultrasonic virtual reality technology, scientific computing visualization, genetic algorithm, naive Bayes algorithm, and surgery simulation system and describes them in detail. Then, we construct a three-dimensional ultrasonic virtual measurement system, from the collection and reconstruction of image data to the filtering and segmentation of image data, plus the application of three-dimensional visualization and virtual reality technology to construct a three-dimensional measurement system. The experimental results in this paper show that 10 isolated congenital heart disease models with atrial septal defect (ASD) established through the use of three-dimensional visualization and virtual reality technology measured the short diameter, long diameter, and area of the atrial septal defect in the left and right atria. Finally, a value of L less than 0.05 indicates that the statistics are meaningful, and a value of r generally greater than 0.9 indicates that the virtual measurement result is highly correlated with the real measurement result.

A low-cost three-dimensional reconstruction and monitoring system using digital fringe projection

In this paper, the design and construction of a low-cost three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and monitoring system using digital fringe projection (DFP) is proposed, which can perform small- and large-scale measurements in different environments and can be applied to various applications such as intelligent monitoring, 3D online inspection, and obstacle detection for vehicle guidance. The contribution of this paper is threefold: (i) development of a comprehensive 3D measuring system that performs sensors handling, coordinate acquisition, reconstruction, and display process simultaneously and quickly; (ii) proposal of new filters to improve quality and efficiency of the system; and (iii) development of a real-time virtual 3D measurement system to calibrate and analyze the proposed methodologies. Optical and simulation measurement results are presented to verify the feasibility and performance of the developed systems. The observed RMS difference was found to be <0.021 mm in the optical measurement. From measured results, it can be concluded that the proposed systems and adopted methodology are effective in obtaining 3D surface profiles.

Virtual measurement system for UHF-transistor amplifiers

Introduction. Measurement systems for research of telecommunication devices and of their elements are difficult to maintain and expensive. Therefore when possible, its may be replaced by virtual measurement systems (VMS), which allow one to perform measurements based on physical parameters of testing device. Aim. VMS development for measuring of amplifiers parameters by means of simulation modeling based on amplifier topology. Methods and materials. VMS is to be used for research of a small signal amplifier (a part of transceiver). It consists of program modules and graphic interface, realized by LabVIEW. The program part contains text modules in LabVIEW syntax, which calculate S-parameters frequency dependencies for an amplifier. For definition of parameters amplifier circuit by a decomposition technique is being split into sequential two-port net-works, which can be described by corresponding matrixes. After determination of frequency dependent matrixes elements, the matrixes are being converted and multiplied. It allows one to obtain frequency dependencies of parameters of an amplifier. VMS interface is a 3-D-rendered on a computer screen front panel of a virtual vector network analyzer with a device under test connected to its test ports. Results. VMS for UHF-amplifiers research based on given topology was described. The calculations of amplifier transmission lines and amplifier in the whole parameters based on corresponding matrixes and their conversions were presented. The algorithm of a measuring system operation was described. 3D measuring complex and objects under test visualization were shown. The comparison with existing software for design and simulation of UHF-devices such as Microwave Office was realized. Conclusions. Contrary to Microwave Office, aimed to solution of synthesis tasks, VMS is aimed to research tasks. It has a realistic visualization of measurement devises and simple parameters input, do not need big computer resources and is free. VMS can be used in educational process, especially for online education, when using of Microwave Office is impossible.

Virtual linear measurement system for accurate quantification of medical images.

Virtual reality (VR) has the potential to aid in the understanding of complex volumetric medical images, by providing an immersive and intuitive experience accessible to both experts and non-imaging specialists. A key feature of any clinical image analysis tool is measurement of clinically relevant anatomical structures. However, this feature has been largely neglected in VR applications. The authors propose a Unity-based system to carry out linear measurements on three-dimensional (3D), purposefully designed for the measurement of 3D echocardiographic images. The proposed system is compared to commercially available, widely used image analysis packages that feature both 2D (multi-planar reconstruction) and 3D (volume rendering) measurement tools. The results indicate that the proposed system provides statistically equivalent measurements compared to the reference 2D system, while being more accurate than the commercial 3D system.

The Development of a new virtual croplands erosion measurement system using three-dimensional laser scanner and empirical Kostiakov-Lewis models

The traditional method for the estimation of soil loss by croplands erosion is the measurement through erosion pins, which consists of stakes with a specified height distributed across the land area; however, this method is inaccurate to measure the soil depth. In some cases, a simple description of the 3D and depth map scenarios is useful to understand the problem. In this study I introduced an instrument of three-dimensional measurement with a camera and a laser to extract the information from the soil depth. Then, a structural mesh in 3D from the scene is obtained and this information is processed in order to estimate the soil loss. The retrieved depth depends on the dynamic relationships among the objects in the scene and the instrument control; this device can adapt to the graphics and dimensions of the surface under study. Here I show the generation of a depth map from a mesh with third order polynomials. This mesh describes the behavior of the surface where full panoramic integration is performed by using multiple partial views of object. The results show that this system has the capacity to acquire soil erosion information; in addition, other parameters can be obtained such as visual information of texture, size perspective, and shadows edges. In this work the vision system covered an area of 1.20 m long by 0.8 m wide. This laser device offered depth analysis and topology from the soil using computer vision through empirical Kostiakov-Lewis models.

Application of Self-Organizing Neural Networks to Electrical Fault Classification in Induction Motors

Electrical winding faults, namely stator short-circuits and rotor bar damage, in total constitute around 50% of all faults of induction motors (IMs) applied in variable speed drives (VSD). In particular, the short circuits of stator windings are recognized as one of the most difficult failures to detect because their detection makes sense only at the initial stage of the damage. Well-known symptoms of stator and rotor winding failures can be visible in the stator current spectra; however, the detection and classification of motor windings faults usually require the knowledge of human experts. Nowadays, artificial intelligence methods are also used in fault recognition. This paper presents the results of experimental research on the application of the stator current symptoms of the converter-fed induction motor drive to electrical fault detection and classification using Kohonen neural networks. The experimental tests of a diagnostic setup based on a virtual measurement and data pre-processing system, designed in LabView, are described. It has been shown that the developed neural detectors and classifiers based on self-organizing Kohonen maps, trained with the instantaneous symmetrical components of the stator current spectra (ISCA), enable automatic distinguishing between the stator and rotor winding faults for supplying various voltage frequencies and load torque values.

Single-shot 3D shape measurement of discontinuous objects based on a coaxial fringe projection system.

Fringe projection profilometry has been widely used in high-speed three-dimensional (3D) shape measurement. To improve the speed without loss of accuracy, we present a novel single-shot 3D shape measuring system that utilizes a coaxial fringe projection system and a 2CCD camera. The coaxial fringe projection system, comprising a visible light (red, green, and blue) projector and an infrared (IR) light projector, can simultaneously project red, green, blue, and IR fringe patterns. The 2CCD camera, as the name suggests, has two CCD chips that can acquire visible and IR fringe patterns at the same time. Combining the two-step phase-shifting algorithm, Fourier transform profilometry, and the optimum three-frequency selection method, 3D shape measurement of complex surfaces such as large slopes or discontinuous objects can be obtained from single-shot acquisition. A virtual fringe projection measurement system has been established to generate pre-deformed fringe patterns to correct positional deviations of the coaxial fringe projection system. This method has been applied to simulations and experiments on static and dynamic objects with promising results.

Performance analysis and evaluation of direct phase measuring deflectometry

Three-dimensional (3D) shape measurement of specular objects plays an important role in intelligent manufacturing applications. Phase measuring deflectometry (PMD)-based methods are widely used to obtain the 3D shapes of specular surfaces because they offer the advantages of a large dynamic range, high measurement accuracy, full-field and noncontact operation, and automatic data processing. To enable measurement of specular objects with discontinuous and/or isolated surfaces, a direct PMD (DPMD) method has been developed to build a direct relationship between phase and depth. In this paper, a new virtual measurement system is presented and is used to optimize the system parameters and evaluate the system's performance in DPMD applications. Four system parameters are analyzed to obtain accurate measurement results. Experiments are performed using simulated and actual data and the results confirm the effects of these four parameters on the measurement results. Researchers can therefore select suitable system parameters for actual DPMD (including PMD) measurement systems to obtain the 3D shapes of specular objects with high accuracy.

Reliability of Visual Estimation of the First Intermetatarsal Angle

The size of the radiographic first intermetatarsal (IM) angle is one of the main considerations in selecting a surgical procedure for hallux abducto valgus. Instead of directly measuring the IM angle with a goniometer or a virtual measurement system, physicians will often estimate the size of the IM angle by direct visual estimation. The purpose of the present study was to determine the accuracy of visual estimation of the IM angle size compared with direct measurement. A total of 45 respondents, composed of students, residents, and attending physicians, reviewed a series of radiographs with IM angles varying from 6° to 19°. The attending physician visual estimates differed from the measured values by 3.28° ± 1.56°. The interrater reliability, as determined by the intraclass correlation (ICC), increased with experience by group category: 0.426 (95% confidence interval 0.239 to 0.672) for students, 0.476 (95% confidence interval 0.290 to 0.710) for residents, and 0.656 (95% confidence interval 0.483 to 0.833) for attending physicians. Larger IM angles, defined as >10° were less accurately estimated than were smaller IM angles (3.96° ± 1.60° [n = 24] for larger IM angles and 3.14° ± 0.79° [n = 21] for smaller IM angles; p = .0389). These results suggest caution when visually estimating IM angles, especially larger IM angles. Direct angle measurement might be more appropriate for surgical decision-making.

The Importance of Measurement Precision and Behavioral Homologies in Evaluating the Behavioral Consequences of Fetal-Ethanol Exposure: Commentary on Williams and Colleagues (“Sensory-Motor Deficits in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Assessed

The recent study by Willams and colleagues utilized a novel robotic virtual reality measurement system to measure sensory-motor processing deficits in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). This system and the precise quantitation of distinct constituent behavioral processes may hold considerable utility and importance for the study of FASD-related motor deficits, their neural bases, and translational research efforts using homologous behavioral approaches in animal and human studies..

PV Pumping System Characterization Using Virtual Monitoring Environment

In this paper, a real time virtual monitoring system for photovoltaic water pumping plant is developed. The aim of the proposed system is to investigate the characteristic and evaluate the performance of this kind of renewable energy based application. Hence a generic remote monitoring system - that is suitable and easily implemented for such application - is presented. For reliable and straight forward data monitoring and analysis, a LabVIEW based virtual measurement system is further designed. The proposed system has the ability to monitor, expect, diagnose and prevent unusual operating conditions. Using the designed monitoring environment the health of the system operation is assured

Multibubbles Segmentation and Characteristic Measurement in Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow

Gas-liquid two-phase flow is a typical flow, and bubble characteristic measurement is of great importance to discover flow mechanism and guide the practical fluid mechanical engineering. In this paper, a virtual stereo vision measurement system mainly consists of a high-speed camera, and two optical reflector sets was established, and bubble images in gas-liquid two-phase flow were captured by the optimized virtual stereo vision sensor. Overlapping bubbles segmentation is indispensable for the images, and an effective multibubbles segmentation method was proposed. Firstly the convexities of the overlapped area were identified based on the chain code difference, and the pseudoconcave points were removed based on the concave length constraint. According to the matching principle of concave points, the segmentation area was clarified, and the overlapping bubbles were segmented effectively. Therefore, the modality and motion feature parameters of bubbles were estimated, and three-dimensional bubble trajectories and velocity vector field were reconstructed according to the measurement model of virtual stereo vision. The experimental results show that the segmentation and characteristic measurement method of multibubbles is valid and with high precision.

Analysis of Multi-Channel Virtual Temperature Measurement System Hardware Design and its Uncertainty

According to a number of issues in the traditional temperature measurement, the multi-channel temperature measurement system based on virtual instrument is developed. In terms of measurement range and accuracy, Integrated Temperature Sensor TMP36, platinum resistance Pt100, and K-type thermocouple are selected to achieve multi-point temperature measurement, signal conditioning circuit is designed to match with every sensor. On this basis, combined with the technical parameters of each component, by means of the theory of uncertainty, analysis of the total uncertainty of system has been made. The calculation results show that the selection of each component for the temperature measurement system is reasonable, which can completely meet the measurement requirements.

Virtual Instrument Measurement System Architecture Design Based on Database Management

The purpose of virtual instrument measurement system architecture design based on database management is to expand stand-alone mode into the measurement mode of network. Through computer network, multiple virtual instrument measurement networks for data storage, communication and control the formation of network measurement applications are realized. This article discusses the formation of virtual instrument based on the database and computer network monitoring and control network programs, measures and achievement.

Research on Temperature Test System Based on LabVIEW

As it is difficult to measure the temperature accurately under actually environment, this paper develops a virtual temperature measurement system based on LabVIEW. The system consists of AD590 temperature sensor and virtual instrument, and the properties and structure of AD590 is discussed in this paper. In addition, we do some research on the measurement method, and use soft filter and Normalized method to remove noise and improve the measurement accuracy. The structure and soft system of the virtual instruments system are designed and a high value measurement system is achieved using the resources of the virtual instruments. The experimental results have shown that the system can satisfy the accurate requirement in harsh condition.

Development and Application of Virtual Potentiostat on Electrochemical Corrosion Measurement

A potentiostat is a fundamental piece of equipment for the study of corrosion electrochemistry and research into the application of virtual technology to potentiostats is becoming increasingly important. The functions of virtual potentiostats can be controlled and implemented using software instead of complex hardware. They would be capable of not only meeting the demands of a variety of electrochemical tests, but would also be more flexible offering a simpler structure and operating parameters. This would represent a significant development in virtual electrochemical corrosion instrumentation. In this paper, a virtual potentiostat measurement system VEC11-A (virtual electrochemical corrosion test system) has been designed based on LabVIEW. The virtual instrument system of the potentiostat, based on the proportionintegration-differentiation (PID) control technology operated under the LabVIEW 2010 programming platform, was used to determine corrosion potential measurement, polarization curves, linear polarization curves, cyclic voltammetry curves, dynamic potential anode passivation curves, and constant potential step curves. In contrast with normal electrochemical instruments, the system worked well for electrolyzers of different impedances.

An Integrated Measurement Platform for Piezoelectric Transformer Based on Virtual Instruments

This paper presented an integrated measurement platform for piezoelectric transformer based on virtual instruments. Programmable signal generator was adopted to stimulate the piezoelectric transformer. Then an USB oscilloscope was used to acquire the response signal. We could get the results by analyzing the experimental data. The measurement accuracy and efficiency were greatly improved in the virtual instruments platform compared with the conventional measurement method. It was of great significance to the scientific research. Section I pointed out the problems in conventional piezoelectric transformer parameters measurement method and gave a solution of using virtual instruments technology to solve these problems. Section II described the hardware design of the measurement system. Section III described the software design of the virtual instruments measurement system. Conventional measurement methods and virtual instruments measurement method were compared in section IV.