Virtual Interview Research Articles

Teaching physical education during the time of pandemic

This research study aimed to identify the modalities used in teaching Physical Education in the district of San Rafael, Bulacan during the time of pandemic. Further, the study investigated the challenges experienced by the Physical Education (PE) teachers and the solutions they made to address these challenges. The end goal of the study was a school action plan for physical education to address the issues in teaching PE during the pandemic. Qualitative research design through thematic analysis was employed and a semi structured virtual interview was conducted to further substantiate the findings of the study. Results revealed that modular learning is the most common modality used by Physical Education teachers in this time of pandemic. Other modalities such as synchronous and asynchronous online learning and physical activity mobile applications were used by the teachers. It was also revealed that their main reason for using the modalities was for the welfare of their students. Further, the lack of resources of students in terms of internet connectivity and gadgets was the common struggle experienced by the Physical Education teachers and the most common solution done by the Physical Education teachers was doing follow-up with the students through social media. This study recommended the implementation of the proposed action plan to improve the modalities of teachers in teaching Physical Education and to help them avoid problems they may encounter.

Student-Centric Perspectives of the ‘Why’ and ‘How’ of Fostering Global Competence in Education

In today’s interconnected world, students must do more than just respect other cultures; they must also grasp global issues to become truly globally competent. This study explored students’ perspectives on the “why” and “how” of promoting global competence. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative approach, five themes were discovered through analysis of primary and secondary data sources, including virtual interview transcripts of 13 class leaders in the Purposive Communication course, essays, reports, and journals. Three themes emerged concerning the “why” of promoting global competence: gateway to career opportunities, inspiring a sense of social responsibility, and nurturing intercultural relationships. As for the “how,” two themes surfaced: the use of technology-infused strategies (TIS) and non-digital methods (NDM). These themes comprehensively addressed the three core aspects of global competence: knowledge, skills, and attitudes. The findings of this study can provide the basis for integrating global competence into the General Education Curriculum’s course objectives or outcomes. Additionally, they offer valuable insights for creating instructional materials to enhance global competence.

Changes in Gender and Racial/Ethnic Diversity in US Residency Program Applications From 2018 to 2022.

Background Residency application patterns by gender and race/ethnicity offer important insights about diversity in residency recruitment. It is unknown how the COVID-19 pandemic and virtual interviewing affected these patterns. Objective We hypothesized that the introduction of virtual interviews caused an increase in applications submitted per applicant and that there may be differences by gender and race/ethnicity. Methods We extracted publicly reported Electronic Residency Application Service application data from 2018 to 2022 for 14 residency specialties with 1000 or more applicants in 2022 by self-reported gender and underrepresented in medicine (UIM) status. We compared patterns before and after virtual interviews were introduced in 2021. Results Among 401 480 residency applicants, the average number of applications submitted per applicant increased for all specialties between 2018 and 2022 across gender and race/ethnicity. Across all years, women applied to more programs than men in 5 specialties (dermatology, neurology, obstetrics/gynecology, pediatrics, and surgery), whereas men applied to more programs than women in 3 (anesthesia, family medicine, and physical medicine and rehabilitation). Across all years, non-UIM applicants applied to more programs than UIM applicants in all 14 specialties. There were no clear changes in application patterns by gender and race/ethnicity during in-person versus virtual interview years. Conclusions The average number of applications submitted per applicant increased over time across gender and race/ethnicity. In some specialties, women applied to more programs than men, and in others vice-versa, whereas non-UIM applicants applied to more programs than UIM applicants in all specialties. Virtual interviews did not change these patterns.

Can ChatGPT outperform a neurosurgical trainee? A prospective comparative study

Purpose This study aimed to compare the performance of ChatGPT, a large language model (LLM), with human neurosurgical applicants in a neurosurgical national selection interview, to assess the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) and LLMs in healthcare and provide insights into their integration into the field. Methods In a prospective comparative study, a set of neurosurgical national selection-style interview questions were asked to eight human participants and ChatGPT in an online interview. All participants were doctors currently practicing in the UK who had applied for a neurosurgical National Training Number. Interviews were recorded, anonymised, and scored by three neurosurgical consultants with experience as interviewers for national selection. Answers provided by ChatGPT were used as a template for a virtual interview. Interview transcripts were subsequently scored by neurosurgical consultants using criteria utilised in real national selection interviews. Overall interview score and subdomain scores were compared between human participants and ChatGPT. Results For overall score, ChatGPT fell behind six human competitors and did not achieve a mean score higher than any individuals who achieved training positions. Several factors, including factual inaccuracies and deviations from expected structure and style may have contributed to ChatGPT's underperformance. Conclusions LLMs such as ChatGPT have huge potential for integration in healthcare. However, this study emphasises the need for further development to address limitations and challenges. While LLMs have not surpassed human performance yet, collaboration between humans and AI systems holds promise for the future of healthcare.

Bridge to M4 (B2M4): An innovative residency application preparation curriculum.

The medical residency application process is daunting, time-consuming, and variable, making mentorship in preparation for this process important. In light of changes to the residency application process due to the COVID-19 pandemic, medical students identified a need to create a formal residency application preparation curriculum. The curriculum focused on reflection, while also furthering professional development and preparing for the nuances of the residency application cycle through structured advising. Bridge to M4 (B2M4) included reflective activities to help guide curriculum vitae (CV) refinement, personal and professional values clarification, residency program exploration, elevator pitch formation, personal statement development, mentor identification, guidance on requesting letters of recommendation, and virtual residency interview preparation. The B2M4 elective first took place in June 2020 with 36 rising fourth year students enrolled. Perceived effectiveness of the curriculum was assessed by having student cohorts evaluate the importance of the CV, personal statement, general preparation, and residency program selection before and after the course. Student feedback was reviewed with content analysis, which highlighted the usefulness of a structured residency preparation course that was rooted in reflection and incorporated faculty mentorship and feedback. This student-driven, innovative curricular design provided students the opportunity to prepare for the residency application process through reflective activities including values clarification, strengths identification, and goal setting. B2M4 demonstrates a process that can be used not only during the Residency Match process, but also throughout graduate medical education and future career decisions.

Simulating Telemedicine, Medication Reconciliation, and Social Determinants: A Novel Instructional Approach to Health Systems Competencies.

While medication reconciliation is necessary to reduce errors, it is often challenging to gather an accurate history in the clinic. Telemedicine offers a relative advantage over clinic and hospital-based interviews by enabling the clinician to inspect the home environment, review pill bottles, and identify social determinants affecting adherence, such as financial instability. To be effective, however, clinicians must be trained in best-practice interview methods and the proper use of telemedicine. There is very little information in the literature describing the best strategies for teaching students or measuring competencies in telemedicine. Therefore, we created an educational module with a telemedicine simulation and an evaluation rubric. We piloted this module with 48 medical and physician assistant students. Most students could complete a virtual interview and gather a medication history. However, only half identified an over-the-counter medication missing from the list. Most students were either entrustable or approaching entrustment in the six telemedicine competencies measured in this simulation. This simulation is valuable for teaching students about medication reconciliation, using telemedicine to close gaps in access to care, and identifying health-related social needs affecting medication adherence.

P372 Barriers and facilitators of the transition from paediatric to adult care in inflammatory bowel disease: A Western Canadian perspective

Abstract Background Patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in childhood/adolescence face additional challenges compared to those diagnosed in adulthood, including more extensive disease and higher risk of complications. The need to undergo transition from paediatric to adult care is associated with an increase in health care utilization and a decrease in adherence to medical appointments and medications. An effective transition may reduce these negative impacts, but there remains a need to engage the stakeholders involved in transition to identify ways to improve the transition process. This study aims to describe the perspectives of key stakeholders - patients, parents, and health care providers - on barriers and facilitators of a successful transition from paediatric to adult care. Methods We conducted a qualitative description study informed by naturalistic inquiry. Patients, parents, and providers from Western Canada were recruited using purposive and snowball sampling for a virtual semi-structured interview. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and then analyzed by latent content analysis. Results We interviewed 17 patients, 13 parents, and 15 providers. Preparedness as a facilitator was the only theme to emerge across all groups. Groups described preparedness as knowing disease history (patients & providers), expectations of adult care (providers), and having a peer support program (parents). A supportive adult care team was identified as a facilitator by patients (n=10) and parents (n=4) who described an adult care team as one with open lines of communication, and one that is welcoming and caring. Additional facilitator themes included patient characteristics (i.e., patients who were mature, organized, and independent), and supportive parents and home environment, where a patient’s self-confidence and ability to advocate for themselves was encouraged. A barrier theme of patient factors was characterized by providers (n=8) and parents (n=4) as patients in denial of their IBD or who had mental health comorbidities. In the theme of hovering parents and family factors, providers (n=12) described parents who were reluctant to transfer disease responsibility to their child, and families with economic and/or personal challenges. Additional barrier themes included the need to navigate a new health care system and travel to clinic. Conclusion The results suggest a uniform agreement is necessary amongst stakeholders to ensure the development of resources aimed at preparing patients. Our study found differences in how stakeholder groups characterize the barriers and facilitators of transition. Future research should engage multiple stakeholder groups in designing transition interventions and supports for patients with IBD.

P481 "I’ve been told to drop out of school because I need to focus on my health and that was just devastating to hear.": Experiences of Western Canadian young adults with inflammatory bowel disease transitioning from paediatric to adult care

Abstract Background The incidence of patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in childhood/adolescence is increasing worldwide; therefore, in the upcoming years, more patients will need to transition from paediatric to adult care. A smooth transition is essential to ensure continuity of care; however, transition is a difficult time for patients, when increasing responsibility for disease management needs to be balanced with full-time employment or schooling. This study explores the transition experience of young adults with IBD who have transitioned from paediatric to adult care. Methods We recruited young adults with IBD using purposive sampling from two IBD centres in Western Canada for participation in a semi-structured virtual interview. Eligibility required being transferred to adult care within the previous two years and being diagnosed with IBD at least one year before transferring. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and then analysed with an inductive thematic analysis approach. Results We interviewed 16 young adults with IBD (Table 1). We grouped features of the transition experience described by participants into the following four major themes (Figure 1): 1) Anticipation and preparedness for adult care; 2) New and existing connections; 3) Skill development for disease management; 4) Comparison of adult care to paediatric care. In the first theme, participants described feeling unprepared for and nervous about adult care. In the second theme, participants described the structure of care and noted that adult care had less appointments and the adult care team took a less holistic approach to their IBD care. Subsequent themes focused on developing relationships with the new care team, the importance of existing social supports, and becoming responsible and independent in disease management. Conclusion The results outline four major themes that describe IBD patients’ transition experience. These themes provide insight into aspects of transition described by patients, which can be used to improve patient care. For example, participants characterized adult care as missing elements that were present in paediatric care, suggesting a potential need to prepare patients for care differences and support them through the care adjustments. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into patients’ transition experiences which can be used to inform the development of transition supports and improve patient-centred care.

Impact of Virtual Interviews on Pulmonary and Critical Care Fellowship Match: An Analysis of National Data.

Internal Medicine residents have historically expressed hesitancy in pursuing a career in pulmonary and critical care medicine (PCCM). However, recent studies have demonstrated newfound competitiveness. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) global outbreak prompted the implementation of a virtual interviewing model for PCCM fellowship match. The effect of this new paradigm on PCCM match results has not been studied previously. With the shift to virtual interviewing, we aim to determine how this new method of interviewing may influence the selection of candidates for fellowship training programs. We acquired data of 4,333 applicants ranking PCCM for the years 2017-2021 from the National Resident Matching Program and the Electronic Residency Application Service websites for the years 2017-2021. Chi-square (χ2) analysis of the applicants' demographics and the percentage of applicants matching at their first choice versus those who matched at lower than their third-choice program before and after the implementation of virtual interviews season was performed. The matching probability for the U.S. Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine significantly increased after the implementation of virtual interviews compared with the years 2017-2020 (χ2 = 8.569; P = 0.003). The matching probability remained unchanged for U.S. Doctors of Medicine (χ2 = 2.448; P = 0.118). Overall, an applicant's probability of matching at their first choice has significantly decreased after the virtual interview format (χ2 = 4.14; P = 0.04). Conversely, the probability of matching at a program that is lower than the third choice has significantly increased (χ2 = 11.039; P < 0.001). Our study provides evidence regarding the effect of the virtual interview format on PCCM match results. Strikingly, applicants are more likely to match at lower-ranked programs in their rank list after the implementation of the virtual interview process. These results can be helpful for both programs and applicants, to guide their future expectations and decisions while going through the interview process.

Evaluating the impact of motivational interviewing on engagement and outcomes in a web-based self-help intervention for gambling disorder: A randomised controlled trial

BackgroundSelf-paced internet interventions for gambling problems offer cost-effective, accessible, and private alternatives to traditional psychotherapy for a population that rarely seeks help. However, these interventions have been relatively slow to develop, evaluate, and deploy at scale relative to those for other addictive behaviors. Moreover, user engagement remains low despite the high interest. Motivational interviews have improved the effectiveness gambling bibliotherapy but have not been augmented with an analogous web-based self-guided program. ObjectivesThis trial aimed to replicate and extend prior work by translating a paperback workbook to the internet and pairing it with a single motivational interview. It was hypothesized that the motivational interview would enhance program engagement and gambling outcomes. MethodsA two-arm randomised controlled trial was conducted. Treatment-seeking Canadian adults recruited solely via social media received one year of access to a web-based self-guided program, either alone (N = 158) or in combination with a virtual motivational interview completed upon enrolment (N = 155). The program was based on principles of cognitive-behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing. Gambling severity, expenditures, frequency, and duration were assessed via online questionnaires at baseline and 3-, 6-, and 12-months post-baseline, along with secondary outcomes (i.e., depression, anxiety, nonspecific psychological distress, alcohol consumption). ResultsBaseline characteristics were indicative of severe gambling problems and concurrent mental health problems but not problematic alcohol consumption in this sample. Both treatment groups demonstrated roughly equal improvements across all gambling outcomes and most secondary outcomes over time, except alcohol consumption, which did not meaningfully change. Changes were most prominent by 3 months, followed by more gradual change by 6 and 12 months. Only 57 % of gamblers who were assigned to receive a motivational interview completed that interview. About 40 % of users did not complete any program modules and 11 % completed all four. No group differences in program engagement were observed, although the number of modules completed was associated with greater reductions in gambling behaviors in both groups. DiscussionThe problem of user engagement with web-based self-help programs remains. There is a dose-response relationship between engagement and outcomes when engagement is measured in terms of therapeutic content completed. ConclusionsThe addition of a motivational interview to a web-based self-help program for gambling problems was unsuccessful in improving engagement or outcomes. Future work should aim to make self-guided programs more engaging rather than solely making users more engaged. Trial registrationRegistered on 7 July 2020 (ISRCTN13009468).

Living with an ostomy: A needs assessment in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease

BackgroundInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory condition of the digestive tract associated with substantial psychosocial difficulties. Treatment often focuses on medications but may also include surgical approaches (e.g., intestinal ostomy). Unfortunately, literature regarding the psychosocial implications of ostomy surgeries is scarce, and even less is known about adolescent experiences, which may differ markedly from adults. ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the perspectives of adolescents with IBD and their caregivers to understand their perceived needs when they have undergone, are anticipating, or have anticipated the possibility of experiencing a stoma surgery. Study findings hoped to inform clinical practice in IBD care and beyond. MethodA purposive sample of patients and caregivers were recruited from a large pediatric hospital. Twelve patients and thirteen caregivers participated in the study. Participants completed a demographic background questionnaire and virtual semi-structured interview. Inductive content analysis was used to examine participant feedback. ResultsQualitative results identified four overarching themes and thirteen subthemes: fear of the unknown, perceived barriers, being supported, and recommendations for creating a more positive experience. Specifically, participants described the transition process from pediatric to adult care as particularly intimidating and having a supportive and inclusive handover was a helpful piece that supported the shift to adult care. ConclusionThis study reflects the importance of a holistic approach to care that attends to adolescent patients’ physical well-being and emotional and social needs. Patient-driven recommendations for enhancing age-specific care of adolescents with ostomies are provided.

Programmatic Efforts to Provide Progressively Autonomous Clinical Education Experiences

Context In previous research, athletic trainers (ATs) have identified the formal coursework and clinical experiences of their professional program as contributing to preparedness for autonomous practice. However, new graduates have reported a perceived lack of skills necessary for practicing autonomously. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate how programs provide progressively autonomous clinical education experiences and the role of these experiences in preparing future ATs. Design Qualitative study. Setting Virtual interviews. Patients or Other Participants A sample of 17 program administrators (program directors = 12, coordinators of clinical education = 5) representing 16 master of science in athletic training programs participated in this study. Main Outcome Measure(s) Each program completed a virtual interview guided by a semistructured interview protocol. A 3-person data analysis team identified emerging domains and categories through a multiphase approach. Member checking, multiple researcher triangulation, and auditing were used to establish trustworthiness. Results Four domains emerged from participant responses: (1) curricular design, (2) preparatory experience and outcomes, (3) preceptor role, and (4) assessments. We found that intentionality in curricular design to promote progressive autonomy was beneficial in facilitating transition to practice through improved knowledge, skills, and confidence. Due to the importance of clinical education in AT preparation, preceptors played a critical role in creating opportunities for learning in the clinical environment. However, the degree to which experiences were autonomous and the effectiveness of the student in those encounters were rarely measured. Limitations outlined by participants included accreditation and program length. Conclusions The development of knowledge, skills, and confidence through intentionally selected clinical experiences and guided by preceptor feedback are critical to establishing an autonomous practitioner. However, the program’s evaluations were predominantly traditional practice assessments and informal feedback, instead of an assessment of readiness for practice.

Teaching Frailty to Medical Residents: A Needs Assessment Among Geriatrics Faculty.

Knowledge of frailty is essential for meeting the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education core competencies for US trainees. The UK General Medical Council requires that frailty be included in undergraduate and graduate medical education curricula. Trainees are expected to appropriately modify care plans and help make patient-centered decisions, while incorporating diagnostic uncertainty, such as frailty, in older adults. Little is known about current needs for frailty instruction in graduate medical education in the US and beyond. We sought to capture faculty perceptions on how frailty should be defined and identified, and what aspects and level of detail should be taught to residents. The authors developed a 4-item short response questionnaire, and faculty had the option to respond via electronic survey or via semi-structured interviews. Respondents included 24 fellowship-trained geriatricians based at 6 different academic medical centers in a single urban metropolitan area. An invitation to participate in either an electronic survey or semi-structured virtual interview was e-mailed to 30 geriatricians affiliated with an academic multi-campus Geriatric Medicine fellowship. Responses were transcribed and coded independently by two authors. Responses were received from 24 geriatricians via a combination of digital questionnaires (n=18) and semi-structured online interviews (n=6), for a response rate of 80%. Responses revealed significant diversity of opinion on how to define and identify frailty and how these concepts should be taught. As frailty is increasingly incorporated into clinical practice, consensus is needed on how to define and teach frailty to residents.

Pitfalls of Digitalization: Teacher Recruitment in Malaysia International Schools

Human resource practices, particularly teacher recruitment, are evolving due to digitalisation. There is a critical need for international schools to attract and select quality teaching staff to ensure the quality of learning for students and maintain their competitiveness within a dynamic market. This paper reported the findings of a study that investigated the challenges that school administrators faced during the digitalisation of teacher recruitment practices at international schools in Malaysia. A series of semi-structured interviews involving fourteen management personnel from eleven international schools revealed seven challenges highlighted by the participants: 1) a rise in competition, 2) attracting irrelevant or underqualified applicants, 3) time-consuming preparation of detailed job ads and recruitment booklets, 4) escalating recruitment costs, 5) student privacy issues, 6) managing a large number of applications, and 7) loss of important information during virtual interview. To address these challenges, the participants took four actions: 1) advanced planning before the new school term, 2) building rapport with potential candidates, 3) selecting a suitable online recruitment platform, and 4) integrating online and offline recruitment. The findings of the study contribute to the growing literature on talent acquisition at international schools by providing empirical evidence of the existing challenges faced at a sample of international schools in Malaysia.

'Click, I Guess I'm Done': Applicants' and Assessors' Experiences Transitioning to a Virtual Multiple Mini Interview Format.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, medical schools were forced to suspend in-person interviews and transition to a virtual Multiple Mini Interview (vMMI) format. MMIs typically comprise multiple short assessments overseen by assessors, with the aim of measuring a wide range of non-cognitive competencies. The adaptation to vMMI required medical schools to make swift changes to their MMI structure and delivery. In this paper, we focus on two specific groups greatly impacted by the decision to transition to vMMIs: medical school applicants and MMI assessors. We conducted an interpretive qualitative study to explore medical school applicants' and assessors' experiences transitioning to an asynchronous vMMI format. Ten assessors and five medical students from one Canadian medical school participated in semi-structured interviews. Data was analyzed using a thematic analysis framework. Both applicants and assessors shared a mutual feeling of longing and nostalgia for an interview experience that, due to the pandemic, was understandably adapted. The most obvious forms of loss experienced - albeit in different ways - were: 1) human connection and 2) missed opportunity. Applicants and assessors described several factors that amplified their grief/loss response. These were: 1) resource availability, 2) technological concerns, and 3) the virtual interview environment. While virtual interviewing has obvious advantages, we cannot overlook that asynchronous vMMIs do not lend themselves to the same caliber of interaction and camaraderie as experienced in in-person interviews. We outline several recommendations medical schools can implement to enhance the vMMI experience for applicants and assessors.

Smart contract applications in the built environment: How prepared are Nigerian construction stakeholders?

Studies have demonstrated that advanced technology, such as smart contract applications, can enhance both pre- and post-contract administration within the built environment sector. Smart contract technology, exemplifying blockchain technologies, has the potential to improve transparency, trust, and the security of data transactions within this sector. However, there is a dearth of academic literature concerning smart contract applications within the construction industries of developing countries, with a specific focus on Nigeria. Consequently, this study seeks to explore the relevance of smart contract technology and address the challenges impeding its adoption, offering strategies to mitigate the obstacles faced by smart contract applications. To investigate the stakeholders, this research conducted 14 virtual interview sessions to achieve data saturation. The interviewees encompassed project management practitioners, senior management personnel from construction companies, experts in construction dispute resolution, professionals in construction software, and representatives from government construction agencies. The data obtained from these interviews underwent thorough analysis employing a thematic approach. The study duly recognizes the significance of smart contract applications within the sector. Among the 12 identified barriers, issues such as identity theft and data leakage, communication and synchronization challenges, high computational expenses, lack of driving impetus, excessive electricity consumption, intricate implementation processes, absence of a universally applicable legal framework, and the lack of a localized legal framework were recurrent impediments affecting the adoption of smart contract applications within the sector. The study also delves into comprehensive measures to mitigate these barriers. In conclusion, this study critically evaluates the relevance of smart contract applications within the built environment, with a specific focus on promoting their usage. It may serve as a pioneering effort, especially within the context of Nigeria.

THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON INFORMAL CAREGIVERS OF PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA IN THE POST-VACCINATION ERA

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately impacted individuals living with dementia and their family care-partners. Prior to the pandemic, many family care-partners had insufficient support to manage stressors and experienced resultant negative physical and mental consequences. Systematic reviews of studies from the early pandemic suggest that circumstances dramatically worsened for family care-partners’, though it is unclear whether and how they were impacted by ongoing fluctuations in COVID-19 risk for infection and safety guidelines following the availability of vaccines. Using qualitative design informed by a stress-and-coping theoretical framework, our objective was to characterize the ongoing impact of the pandemic on family care-partners of persons living with dementia. We used purposive sampling to recruit participants from a larger survey study of dementia caregiving during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study participants (n=18) completed a 1-hour virtual interview with that was transcribed, de-identified, and analyzed using thematic analysis. We identified 4 overarching themes characterizing family caregivers’ stressors that included: 1) changes in care, routines, and support; 2) actual or feared COVID-19 infection; 3) changes in the functioning and health of care-partners and care-recipients; 4) experiences with care facilities care transitions. We also identified 4 overarching themes characterizing care-partners’ coping strategies, including: 1) care-partner resourcefulness; 2) participation in meaningful, enjoyable, and restorative activities; 3) personal outlook and attitudes to reduce distress; and 4) connection with specific formal and informal supports. Our findings underscore the continued challenges that family care-partners experience and highlight important skills, supports, and resources to mitigate negative health outcomes and other long-term consequences.

Pulmonary and Critical Care Fellowship Program Directors' Perspective on the Virtual Interview Process.

Since the start of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the residency and fellowship recruitment process has changed significantly with the use of virtual interview (VI) platforms. Pulmonary and critical care medicine (PCCM) candidates reported in a survey that VIs hindered their ability to evaluate their fit within the program. However, the program directors' (PDs') opinion of this process remains unknown. We aim to provide insight into the PCCM fellowship PDs' perspective regarding the virtual recruitment process since the first class of fellows undergoing this process has now completed 1 year of training. An anonymous survey was sent to the PDs of PCCM programs participating in the National Resident Matching Program match process in 2020 and 2021. The survey consisted of five sections and 26 closed-ended questions and was distributed via email using the SurveyMonkey platform. The survey was conducted for a total of 6 weeks. A follow-up email to nonrespondents was sent every week. The collected responses were divided into two categories: favoring VIs versus not favoring VIs. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with favoring VIs. The survey was sent to 190 email accounts from the Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database Access System website. Over the course of 6 weeks, 64 respondents participated in the survey, with a response rate of 33.68%. Of 64 respondents, 56 (87.5%) fully completed the survey and 8 (12.5%) partially completed the survey. The final sample size was 59. Thirty-six (61.02%) of the PDs favored VIs for future recruitment, and 23 (38.98%) did not (P < 0.001). Ninety-seven percent of PDs who favored VIs versus 72.73% of those who did not perceived the current fellows to fit well in the program (P = 0.007). The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed a trend toward higher odds of favoring VIs if PDs believed they were able to represent the program well virtually (adjusted odds ratio, 6.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.79 - 61.58) and if they found that the current fellows fit the program well (adjusted odds ratio, 7.15; 95% confidence interval, 0.76-66.52); however, these results were not statistically significant. In this survey research, we found that the majority of the PCCM fellowship PDs favored a virtual process for future recruitment.

The impacts of relational organizing for health system and community collaboration: Early evidence from a rapid multisite qualitative study.

To understand the ways relational organizing practices impacted collaborations between independent or health system-affiliated community health clinics, public health offices, and community groups during the early COVID-19 pandemic. Between November 2020 and June 2021, we interviewed clinical and public health workers, clinic-based community organizers, and staff and volunteers at community organizations who participated in three COVID-19 response collaborations in the Northwestern United States. This was a qualitative study employing participatory and rapid data collection and analysis methods. Research team members invited key participants in organizing efforts to a semi-structured virtual interview conducted by an independent health services researcher. A sensemaking team that included project participants analyzed interview data using an iterative, thematic approach and conducted a ripple effect mapping exercise to supplement interview data. A total of 19 people contributed data for analysis. Analysis was guided by the underlying research questions: whether and how relational organizing practices contributed to successful collaboration, and what challenges were encountered. Relational organizing was perceived to contribute to multiple positive project outcomes, including greater self-efficacy in a time of crisis and enhanced sense of connection; these outcomes contributed to a sense of successful collaboration. Four mechanisms were identified that explained relational organizing's collaborative efficacy: (1) mobilizing existing relationships for rapid community engagement; (2) bringing concrete skills for enhancing trust among cross-sector partners; (3) recognizing and addressing power dynamics; and (4) creating vehicles for exercising collective community power. Lack of trust and unsurfaced power dynamics were perceived as common challenges to sustained collaboration, which relational organizing could sometimes mitigate. Our findings suggest relational organizing practices can be protective against common "pain points" faced by cross-sectoral partnerships, especially in times of crisis. Further piloting of clinic-based relational organizing is recommended, as is research on longer-term impacts.

Education Research: Virtual Residency Interviews and the Second Look: The Mayo Clinic Neurology Tri-Site Experience.

The 2023 Match cycle was the third virtual interview season for adult neurology residency programs. This recruitment cycle differed from years prior because an in-person second-look event was offered by some programs to complement the virtual interview day. We sought feedback from those who interviewed for adult neurology residency positions at Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Florida, and Minnesota to gain applicants' perspectives on such events and identify best practices to improve the interview experience for future applicants. Virtual interviews were conducted for adult neurology residency positions at Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Florida, and Minnesota for the 2023 Match. Each site hosted optional, in-person, no-stakes second-look events after program rank lists were finalized. After Match Day, interviewees at all 3 sites were invited to complete an anonymous electronic survey using Qualtrics software to gather feedback on the in-person events. Of the 240 interviewees for adult neurology residency positions at Mayo Clinic, 52 candidates participated in the in-person second-look event on the Arizona, Florida, or Minnesota campus in 2023. One-third of applicants (80/240) completed the anonymous survey, and of them, 34% (27/80) of respondents had attended a Mayo Clinic second-look event. The desire to step foot on campus, meet the residents in person, and visit the geographic area were the most important reasons driving attendance. Those who did not participate cited financial burden, lack of time, and insufficient notice to make travel plans as the most common factors influencing their decision not to attend. Nearly half of attendees who responded to the survey (10/21, 48%) changed their rank order list after the in-person event. Most of them who participated in a Mayo Clinic second-look event (19/21, 91%) would encourage future applicants to partake. While there are many advantages to virtual residency interviews, most applicants who participated in second-look events found that having an opportunity to visit the program in person was valuable when determining their rank list. Offering an optional, no-stakes, in-person visit allows interviewees to make more informed rank lists. Second-look events have the potential to complement the virtual interview day and may ultimately lead to greater satisfaction for matched applicants.