Virtual Environment System Research Articles

Design of political classroom interaction system in social virtual reality entertainment environment based on convolutional neural network

With the continuous progress of AI intelligent technology, the internet industry has undergone tremendous changes. The application of virtual reality and other digital entertainment technology has changed the classroom mode, and at the same time, current political classrooms place more emphasis on interaction with society. Therefore, this article constructs a political classroom AI intelligent system based on CNN network. This system studies the political classroom from the perspective of AI intelligent construction, using a combination of theory and practice. This article selects some research materials from both domestic and international sources. Firstly, it summarizes and analyzes relevant concepts such as convolutional neural networks, summarizes the importance of political classroom education, and analyzes the problems faced by political classrooms in the context of AI intelligence. Then, experimental analysis was conducted on the AI intelligent system in the political classroom. The experiment proved that the AI intelligent system in the political classroom has good working performance in the actual operation process, and the overall performance is also better than other systems. Implementing a network-based AI intelligent system for the political classroom and applying AI intelligent technology in practical applications can improve the personalization and accuracy of the political classroom.

Methods for Implementing Tactile Sensations in Virtual Space by Integrating Physical Objects with Their Computer Models

The paper presents original methods and approaches for integrating, from the user's point of view, three-dimensional virtual models visible to them in a virtual reality headset, and their physical prototypes. This allows for the addition of some important elements of physical reality to the virtual environment, such as tactile and muscle-motor sensations. Developed solutions are based on the use of such wireless devices as HTC Vive Trackers, which determine their position and orientation in space, and can be placed on various objects of the real world. An original approach to making a tracking system by means of two HTC Base Stations and several Vive Trackers with selecting one anchor element is proposed, as well as new methods for real-time integration of physical reality objects with their virtual models by using functional control schemes with own blocks for trackers. Based on methods and approaches proposed in this work, software modules were implemented. Approbation of these modules in the VirSim virtual environment system, which was developed in Scientific Research Institute for System Analysis of the Russian Academy of Sciences, showed that the solutions developed are adequate and effective, and can have practical application in virtual environment systems and training complexes.

A Review of Olfactory Display Designs for Virtual Reality Environments

The field of Virtual Reality continues to evolve to provide an ever-greater sense of immersion to the user. However, VR experiences are still primarily constrained through the human senses of vision and audition, with some interest in haptic (mainly vibrotactile) applications. Only recently have olfactory displays—technologies that generate and deliver scent stimuli—been examined to provide the sense of smell to the human olfactory organ in virtual environments. This article presents a classification and review of olfactory-enhanced virtual reality systems, particularly those that deployed a Head-mounted Display or Cave Automatic Virtual Environment system. In addition, the article provides a discussion of the various technological and design challenges for developing an olfactory display suitable for enhancing virtual reality experiences. Finally, the article proposes future perspectives on the field and includes a table summarizing the characteristics and features of the reviewed systems.

Urban virtual environment landscape design and system based on PSO-BP neural network

In the last few years, with the fast growing of neural network field such as those for virtual reception and enhanced nature, the practice and theory of conventional landscape are impacted and challenged by virtual landscape based on these sorts of neural network technologies. On the one hand, the virtual landscape changes the carrier of landscape design from material real world to the networked virtual world, which breaks the traditional way of generating landscape and the way of expression of results. On the other hand, the virtualized and networked morphological characteristics of the virtual landscape itself and its capacity that can offer users a sense of immertion, interplay and enjoyment of the experience provide a way of extending and deepening the realm of scenery. It is also a new type of landscape that conforms to the trend of the times created in the background of the fast evolution of scientific and technical development. Virtual landscape brings new construction thinking and practical means for the application of digital city, the construction of urban context, and the development and utilization of relics. It provides an important research source for thinking about the relationship between current humanities and science, material and virtual, history and contemporary. After the research and experiment on the urban environment landscape design of PSO-BP neural network, the experimental data showed that before using the neural network method to improve Yanta East Garden, 57% of the crowd were satisfied with the overall impression of Yanta East Garden, and 17% were dissatisfied. After the improvement, 67% were satisfied with the landscape of Yanta East Garden, only 5% were dissatisfied, and the landscape satisfaction increased by 10%. The survey group believed that the landscape color of Yanta East Garden was full of historical flavor, especially the small sculptures convey the unique Qin Opera culture. The above data show that the method based on neural network is very suitable for the improvement and development of urban landscape design.

Integration of Physical Reality Objects with Their 3D Models Visualized in Virtual Environment Systems

The paper describes methods and approaches for integrating, from the user's point of view, three-dimensional virtual models visible to them in a virtual reality headset, and their physical prototypes. This allows for the addition of some important elements of physical reality to the virtual environment, such as tactile and muscle-motor sensations. Developed solutions are based on the use of wireless HTC Vive trackers, which determine their position and orientation in space and have the ability to be attached to various objects in the real world. An original approach to building a tracking system from several controllers of such type with one anchor element selection is proposed, as well as new methods for real-time integration of physical reality objects with their virtual models by means of functional control schemes with blocks for the Vive trackers. Software modules were created based on developed methods and approaches. Approbation of them was carried out in virtual environment system VirSim and showed adequacy and effectiveness of proposed solutions when using in virtual environment systems and training complexes.

Different smartphone tasks and traffic complexity affect pedestrian awareness of co-existing road objects and cerebral oxygenation during shared space walking

Distraction, primarily owing to the widespread use of cell phones and mobile devices while walking, is a contributing factor to pedestrian injuries. Pedestrians distracted by smartphones exhibit decreased situational awareness, influenced by the nature of concurrent tasks. However, little is known about the neural correlations between smartphone use and pedestrian responses to safety–critical events in a walking environment. This study recruited 30 young adults to investigate pedestrians’ ability to selectively respond to road objects while using smartphones (texting and reading) while walking in an immersive virtual environment system. The level of traffic complexity for the road conditions was manipulated by varying the number of safety–critical road objects coexisting in the environment at any given time and the number of required responses to the number of objects. During each 7-min task condition, cerebral oxygenation was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, smartphone task performance, response times to road objects, and perceived workload were also measured. The participants exhibited reduced texting speed and reading performance when responding sequentially to coexisting road objects. Compared with other road conditions, those requiring two responses to four objects resulted in an increased workload and longer object response times. Participants perceived a higher workload in conditions involving tasks with smartphones than those without smartphones. More importantly, increased concentrations of oxygenated hemoglobin in the prefrontal cortex were observed when participants were concurrently performing smartphone and pedestrian tasks. Compared to smartphone reading, smartphone texting induced greater cerebral oxygenation in the bilateral frontopolar cortex. These results suggest that continuously texting while walking may demand additional cognitive resources for executive function. The findings of this study represent an initial step towards elucidating the cognitive mechanisms underlying attentional impairments experienced during smartphone distraction and working towards a viable solution to mitigate pedestrian risk.

Gesture Scoring Based on Gaussian Distance-Improved DTW

The power industry has been dedicated to applying virtual reality (VR) technology to build training systems in virtual environments, enabling personnel to complete skill training in real simulated environments while ensuring their safety. Conventional action scoring systems struggle to provide accurate scores for fine movements. Accurate scoring of fine movements can help workers identify their shortcomings during power operations, thus improving learning efficiency. This is of great significance for training on virtual environment-based power operation. This paper proposes a power operation-orientated VR action evaluation method based on the Gaussian distance-improved dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm and the temporal convolutional network (TCN) model. First, the adaptive adapter is used to extract one-dimensional features from the three-dimensional data of the data gloves. Then, based on the TCN model, action data with significant discrepancies are filtered out. Finally, the obtained data are input into the Gaussian distance-improved DTW algorithm, where the path size is calculated. Corresponding scoring criteria are established on the basis of the path size to evaluate the actions. The results demonstrate that the VR action evaluation method based on the Gaussian distance-improved DTW algorithm and the TCN model significantly improves the accuracy of evaluating fine movements compared to traditional evaluation algorithms.

Virtual geo-cyber environments: metaphorical visualization of virtual cyberspace with geographical knowledge

ABSTRACT Cyberspace is a dynamic and complex environment that poses unique challenges in understanding and managing its intricacies. In this study, we developed a framework for ‘Geo-Cyber’ spatial correlation mapping and expression, leveraging geographical information to enhance the understanding of cyberspace. The theory of geographic metaphor is incorporated into the framework to provide a comprehensive and intuitive approach for comprehending the interplay between geographic space and cyberspace. The framework enables the modeling and visual expression of geo-cyber correlations using a layered knowledge-graph representation. To graphically represent the complex knowledge graph within cyberspace, the framework uses an ‘Object-VirtualObject-Process-Decision’ layered modeling approach, which facilitates effective navigation and comprehension of the inherent cyberspace dynamics. Based on the experimental data, we employed a virtual geo-cyber environment system to demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework. The application cases include resource navigation and situational awareness in cyberspace to showcase the practicality and relevance of the proposed framework. The analysis indicated that the framework enhances situational awareness, facilitates effective decision-making, and promotes a holistic comprehension of the interplay between geography and cyberspace by leveraging geographic information and incorporating metaphorical cognition, layered modeling, and visualization techniques.

The Status of the Online Learning Model and Determinants of Learning Efficiency: A Case Study at Ho Chi Minh City University of Education

This study provides an exhaustive overview of the Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) system adopted by Ho Chi Minh City University of Education (HCMUE). The system, which caters to multiple forms of training and education, is detailed with descriptions of its interface, functionalities, and a selection of offered courses. While the VLE system has proven its mettle by enhancing the teacher-student interaction and overall learning experience, certain challenges persist, such as limited real-time interaction. The second part of the study delves into an empirical investigation conducted among Chinese language students. Using a structured questionnaire, the research examines five pivotal dimensions affecting online learning efficiency: student, teacher, curriculum, environment, and equipment factors. Data collected from 196 valid responses was processed to provide insights. The analysis aims to bridge the identified gaps and further bolster the effectiveness of online learning at the university.

Hybrid Visualization with Vulkan-OpenGL: Technology and Methods of Implementation in Virtual Environment Systems

In this paper, the topic of integrating visualization tasks to be solved using the Vulkan API into virtual environment systems based on OpenGL visualization, is researched. The problem of Vulkan-OpenGL hybrid visualization and an approach to its solution, based on a modified render-to-texture technique, are described. The technology of constructing an original embeddable program shell (VK-capsule) is proposed, which allows hybrid visualization as a "black box" to be worked with, obtaining an image in the OpenGL frame buffer at the output. The paper presents the developed structure of the VK-capsule, comprising three program blocks (VK-, GL- and I-block), and describes methods and algorithms for their construction. Based on proposed technology, methods and algorithms, a VK-capsule for height field visualization task was developed, which utilizes hardware-accelerated ray tracing, Vulkan API supported by. The approbation of the developed VK-capsule was carried out, which showed that proposed solutions are effective and meet the task. The results obtained can be used in virtual environment systems, scientific visualization, video simulators, virtual laboratories, educational applications, etc.

An interactive graph resource for chemical engineering teaching

Instructors teaching chemical engineering topics have traditionally used graphical methods to explain core concepts and design unit operations. However, with the shift towards online and blended/flexible learning, there is a need to adapt these graphical methods for online use. This paper presents a set of interactive graphs that can be used for fluid flow, separation process, and reaction process unit operations and aims to investigate students' opinions of the interactive graphs and their motivations for using them in their studies. The digital resource developed in the paper is a set of slim single-page applications written in HTML5 & CSS3 with the numerical calculations undertaken in JavaScript (JS). The interactive graphs are embedded into the virtual learning environment (VLE) system Blackboard for two courses, and a paper survey is used to measure students' perceptions towards the interactive graphs and their use of them. The UTAUT2 model is used to analyse the student use of these resources. It is demonstrated that the use of online interactive graphs is popular with the students and the main driving factors are the performance expectancy and the hedonic motivation. Short scaffold questions to help students interact with the graphs are key to their usefulness. Some guidance on the use of interactive graphs is also provided. The interactive graphical resource can be found and used at the Graphical Chemical Engineering Design weblink: https://www.ce.manchester.ac.uk/gced.

Computer Simulation and Visualization of Wheel Tracks on Solid Surfaces in Virtual Environment

The paper describes methods and approaches for implementation of traces from virtual prototypes of wheeled technical vehicles on solid objects in three-dimensional virtual scenes. Use of particle systems hierarchically linked to wheel models is the basis of solutions developed. Original type of particle system is proposed, in which generation of elements is regulated by special control signal. Creation, processing, storage and destruction of particles is performed by means of the CUDA architecture with use of computing cores of modern graphics processor and video memory resources. Creating geometric model of each particle and its rendering is carried out on programmable graphics pipeline with own vertex, geometry and fragment shaders. Visualization of virtual environment with simulation of wheel tracks is performed in real time. Software modules were created based on developed methods and approaches. Approbation of them was carried out in virtual environment system VirSim and showed adequacy and effectiveness of proposed solutions for simulation of wheel tracks in virtual environment systems and training complexes.

A four-wall virtual reality visualization of patient-specific anatomy: Creating full user immersive experience from computed tomography scans

Virtual reality is the future of medical imaging diagnosis. Previous studies have introduced virtual reality rendering of anatomical models while others have mentioned processes to extract 3D models from Computed Tomography (CT) images. In this study, we provide a detailed workflow to transforming patient-specific two-dimensional (2D) CT dicom format imaging files to three-dimensional (3D) immersive, dynamic and interactive anatomical assembly models while incorporating them into a four-wall virtual reality environment system. Our study implemented 3D CAD and virtual reality capacities through software and engineering design tools to transform 2D medical images into interactive 3D models in our system. In doing so, the user was able to gain a sense of depth, scale, and dimensionality while immersed in the environment and while implementing interactive tools to investigate patient- specific hip-femur dynamics. At the same time, users were able to identify key anatomical landmarks in the patients’ hip joints. Applications of the VR system to the medical field and orthopedics, in particular, were discussed.

SOA for Dynamically Integrated Virtual Learning Environment Systems with Cloud Based Services

SOA is structural approach for creating services to be reused and shared, so it provides agility and cost saving in software development by dividing the application into multiple software components to be reused in other systems. Cloud computing is truly scalable and provide virtualized resources which users can subscribe. Using a cloud and SOA in virtual learning systems provide a great chance for learners to enhance gained learning outcomes. The adoption of cloud services also assists in reducing the cost of software, hardware, human resources and infrastructure. This paper will use SOA and cloud computing to transfer virtual learning systems in the cloud to be more integrated and interoperable through showing a conceptual model of distributed virtual learning system and using cloud computing combined with services oriented architecture, to contribute in interoperability and integration of e-learning systems in general

Simulation of Spacecraft Moon Landing Control in Virtual Environment Complexes

The paper considers the task for simulation of final stage spacecraft landing on the Moon in virtual environment systems. To solve this task, methods and algorithms are proposed for the lunar module motion control with the implementation of fast attitude maneuvers and minimum fuel consumption during its deceleration. The spacecraft control is based on virtual sensors feedback and makes it possible to implement stabilization, reorientation, deceleration, maneuvers, hovering and soft landing of the spacecraft on the Moon. The work involves virtual reality technologies with the implementation of human interaction with a computer-synthesized environment. In this case, to control the spacecraft in manual mode, virtual hands are used that copy the movements of the operator’s hands and act on the elements of virtual controls (joystick, buttons, etc.) inside the spacecraft model. Approbation of methods and algorithms proposed in the paper was carried out in our software package of virtual environment system on the example for landing simulation of virtual model Orel spacecraft in semi-automatic mode. In this software package the spacecraft control in manual mode is implemented by data which transit from Oculus Rift CV1 VR headset and Oculus Touch controllers designed for tracking the operator’s head and hands, as well as displaying synthesized stereopair to his eyes. The simulation of spacecraft landing on the Moon was carried out for stages that begin immediately after the basic deceleration at an altitude of about 2 km and including the free fall of the lunar vehicle, its verticalization, horizontal and vertical deceleration, hovering, and soft landing. The results of approbation showed the adequacy and quality of the solutions proposed in the paper, which can be further used to create simulators designed to train cosmonauts how to control a spacecraft during landing on the Moon.

Examining the Effects of Gender Transfer in Virtual Reality on Implicit Gender Bias.

To investigate the effect of gender transfer in virtual reality on implicit gender bias. Gender bias is a type of discrimination based on gender, which can lead to increased self-doubt and decreased self-esteem. Sexual harassment is a hostile form of gender bias that can cause anxiety, depression, and significant mental health issues. Virtual reality (VR) has been employed to help make people become aware of their biases and change their attitudes regarding gender, race, and age. Forty participants were embodied in avatars of different genders and experienced sexual harassment scenarios in VR. A gender Implicit Association Test (IAT) was administered before and after the experience. There was a statistically significant main effect of participant gender (F (1,36) = 10.67, p = .002, partial η2 = .23) on ΔIAT, where males and females reported a decrease (M = -.12, SD = .24) and an increase (M = .10, SD = .25) in IAT scores, respectively. A statistically significant two-way interaction between gender transfer and participant gender was revealed (F (1,36) = 6.32, p = .02, partial η2 = .15). There was a significant simple effect of gender transfer for male participants (F (1,36) = 8.70, p = .006, partial η2 = .19). Implicit gender bias can be modified, at least temporarily, through embodiment in VR. Gender transfer through embodiment while encountering different sexual harassment scenarios helped reduce implicit gender bias. There was a tendency for individuals to increase bias for the gender of the avatar in which they embodied. The current research provided promising evidence that a virtual environment system may be used as a potential training tool to improve implicit gender bias.

Fusing surveillance videos and three‐dimensional scene: A mixed reality system

AbstractAugmented Virtual Environments (AVE) or Virtual‐Reality Fusion systems fuse dynamic videos with static three‐dimensional (3D) models of a virtual environment to provide an optimal solution for visualizing and understanding multichannel surveillance systems. However, texture distortion caused by viewpoint changes in such systems is a critical issue that needs to be addressed. To minimize texture fusion distortion, this paper presents a novel virtual environment system in two phases, offline and online phases, to dynamically fuse multiple surveillance videos with a virtual 3D scene. In the offline phase, a static virtual environment is obtained by performing a 3D photogrammetric reconstruction from the input images of the scene. In the online phase, the virtual environment is augmented by fusing multiple videos through two optional strategies. One strategy is to dynamically map images of different videos onto a 3D model of the virtual environment, and the other is to extract moving objects and represent them as billboards. The system can be used to visualize a 3D environment from any viewpoint augmented by real‐time videos. Experiments and user studies in different scenarios demonstrate the superiority of our system.

Student's Behavior in Virtual Learning Environment- A Case Study of Pakistan during Pandemic Situation of COVID-19

Today one of the most challenging tasks is how to connect students with their education. During the Covid-19 era, the physical education system is not suitable for students. Most of the educational institutes start a new education system in Virtual Learning Environment. Suddenly changed the education system, the students towards learning environment is changed. The analysis of students through different machine learning and statistical techniques. The effectiveness of Virtual Learning is measured via the performance of the students. This research reviews different techniques for assessing the performance i.e activity-based, assessments of students, and enrollment-based. The analysis of students' behavior is a long-established task in the area of ML because in the past analyze the student's behavior in the statistical method. To compare, evaluate, and develop analyze the student's behavior in VLE, we need a standard and high-quality benchmark corpus. But unfortunately, numerous studies are based on the web-based corpus and measure the performance in VLE. The main focus of this study is to analyze the student's behavior in VLE by using original data or collecting original reviews of students. Our total corpus consists of 2031 reviews. After some applying pre-processing technique final corpus consists of 1934 reviews. We applied seven machine learning algorithms to evaluate the student's behavior. To evaluate the performance of the students in VLE standard evaluation measures are used. After extensive experimentation, evaluation results show that stylometry word-based features produced the highest results of the first experiment NB Kernel (Accuray = 86.61, F1-measure = 89.91), and in the second experiment highest accuracy was achieved by DT (Accuray = 87.45, F1-measure = 92.13) on proposed corpus on reviews total 1934-Corpus.

Young People’s Use of Technology and Its Implication for Second Language Education in Formal Settings

This paper considers the opportunities and challenges posed to formal second language education given the penetration of digital technologies in young people’s daily lives. This paper broadly discusses the issues of information technology (IT) infrastructure, classroom management and IT use restrictions in relations to language learning. The paper concludes by making suggestions for policy makers and language educators in terms of supporting technology-enhanced formal language education with more advanced IT educational programs and the development of virtual learning environment (VLE) system at school.

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ПОЛУАВТОМАТИЧЕСКОГО РЕЖИМА УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ДВИЖЕНИЕМ ДВУНОГИХ ШАГАЮЩИХ РОБОТОВ В СИСТЕМАХ ВИРТУАЛЬНОГО ОКРУЖЕНИЯ

The paper considers methods and approaches for semi-automatic motion control of bipedal walking robots in virtual environment systems. The proposed solutions include generating a walking pattern, calculating inverse kinematics, and synthesis of PD-controllers with feedback based on the angle sensor readings. To ensure the static and dynamic stability of the walking robot, generating its movement trajectories is implemented using the criterion of zero mo-ment point (ZMP) and the inverse pendulum model with virtual height. In this case, the walking pattern is generated by solving the problem of inverse kinematics using the Leven-berg-Marquardt method to calculate the rotation angles in the robot joints. To implement semi-automatic motion control of a walking robot in a virtual environment, an approach based on the technology of functional diagrams and virtual control panels is used. Testing the proposed methods and approaches is carried out in the VirSim virtual environment software package and shows their adequacy and efficiency for modelling a walking robot movement while maintaining its balance.