Virtual Credit Research Articles

Research On Virtual Credit Cares and The Consumption Behavior of College Students in Guang Zhou, China

This paper selects the consumption of college students in Guangzhou, China as the research object. This study is an expanded study on the convenience, security, and integration of virtual payments, as well as their impact on consumer behavior among college students, which to some extent enriches the research results in related fields. Through questionnaires and field interviews, this paper deeply explores the specific factors that affect college students' consumption behavior and the impact these factors will have on college students' consumption behavior. This study focuses on the student population of Guangzhou College of Commerce, and through empirical research, identifies the impact of virtual payment services on the consumption behavior of college students. At the same time, relevant suggestions are put forward from three aspects: the country, the Internet consumer credit platform and college students themselves. Objective To make Internet consumer credit more suitable for the emerging market of college students and to help college students consume rationally and establish correct consumption concept.

The Study on the Distance Teaching Form Innovation based on the Virtual Value Chain Angle

Based on the internet and the education sharing economy, the distance teaching form innovation corresponding to the form (binary system), which includes campus form innovation (virtual campus, smart campus) and classroom form innovation (virtual classroom, smart classroom). The distance teaching form innovation corresponding to the distance system virtual value chain, which including campus form innovation (virtual campus, smart campus) and classroom form innovation (virtual classroom, smart classroom). The distance teaching form innovation corresponding to the content (cooperation) virtual value chain, which including teacher form innovation ( The distance teaching form innovation corresponds to the content (cooperation) virtual value chain, which includes teacher form innovation ( virtual teacher, robotic teacher), credit form innovation (school credit bank, virtual credit) and certificate form innovation (1+x certificate, virtual certificate). The distance teaching form innovation based on the virtual value chain angle, it’s helpful to build the first class brand of distance education. The distance teaching form innovation based on the virtual value chain angle, it’s helpful to build the first class brand of distance education.

Virtual credit and debit card issuing system

Malawi's technological landscape is rapidly evolving across various sectors, including finance and business, driven by innovative individuals who are constantly pushing the boundaries of innovation. The internet plays a pivotal role in this transformation, enabling seamless online transactions that have become integral to modern financial practices. This technological evolution relies heavily on advanced payment methods, including traditional options like Visa cards and cutting-edge cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin. The practicality of implementing a Virtual Card Issuing System to address key concerns like security, transaction speed, spending control, and cost savings is evident and increasingly necessary. Due to the digital nature of virtual cards, they inherently mitigate risks associated with physical cards, offering significant resistance to loss or theft. They provide precise spending control for both individuals and businesses, ensuring that expenditures can be monitored and managed with great accuracy. Additionally, rapid decentralized (blockchain) transaction processing ensures customer engagement by facilitating quick and efficient transactions, fostering loyalty, and enhancing profitability. Furthermore, the proposed system optimizes cash flow management, extends float periods, and introduces new income-generation opportunities. These features are particularly beneficial in a dynamic economic environment, as they allow businesses to maintain liquidity and leverage financial resources more effectively. Additional key findings of the study highlight that virtual cards can significantly reduce administrative overhead and fraud detection costs. They also facilitate real-time expense tracking and reporting, which enhances financial transparency and accountability, making financial oversight more straightforward and less time-consuming. Moreover, the study underscores that virtual cards offer a scalable solution that can grow with the needs of both small enterprises and large corporations, providing flexibility and adaptability in an ever-changing market. In the context of Malawi's growing technological landscape, this project holds significant promise for enhancing financial efficiency and security. It aligns with the nation's digital aspirations by encouraging broader economic growth, digital literacy, and the widespread adoption of digital financial tools. By fostering a more secure and efficient financial environment, the implementation of a Virtual Card Issuing System can contribute to the overall economic development of Malawi. It can empower individuals and businesses alike, providing them with the tools necessary to thrive in a digital economy. As a result, this initiative not only supports current technological trends but also lays a foundation for future innovations.

Unified banking interface using machine learning and blockchain for credit scoring and smart contracts

Malawi's financial sector is embracing digital transformation to achieve greater financial inclusion and efficiency. Traditional credit scoring methods struggle with incomplete data, hindering access to credit. This paper proposes a unified banking interface that leverages blockchain technology, machine learning, and digital wallets. The interface will streamline credit assessment, facilitate secure lending, and promote financial inclusion. By linking bank accounts, creating virtual credit cards, and enabling smart contracts, this paper aims to build a more robust, efficient, and inclusive financial ecosystem in Malawi.

International mobility in higher education: students’ attitude to international credit virtual mobility programs

ABSTRACT International mobility is an integral part of higher education strategy in Europe. This action has triggered the development of the Erasmus program, the most popular scheme for student credit mobility at the European level. Although the program has generally been a success, it also endures several weaknesses, among them, the financial and social selectivity that prevents many students from participating. International credit virtual mobility (ICVM) is an alternative that facilitates mobility to a broader range of students. However, there is a lack of research that analyses students’ perspectives and attitudes to ICVM programs. This study aims to explore the students’ profiles, needs and expectations related to these mobility programs. The empirical analysis relies on a sample of over 1000 Spanish students involved in international physical and virtual credit mobility programs from 2018 to 2021.

H.R. 4286 (116th Congress) - Virtual Apprenticeship Tax Credit Act of 2019

H.R. 4286 (116th Congress) - Virtual Apprenticeship Tax Credit Act of 2019

Teacher Perceptions of Virtual Credit Recovery Program Equivalency

This article examines the equivalency of virtual credit recovery (VCR) programs as a viable alternative to earning back failed credits needed to graduate on time. Utilization of interviews and questionnaires assisted with collecting perspective data of 10 teachers facilitating the VCR program. Artifact analysis provided a third source of numeric data and allowed for triangulation of results. Data underwent thematic analysis and pattern matching, which led to the development of five main themes: (1) knowledge of students, (2) instructional design procedures, (3) facilitator communication and support, (4) instructional assistance, and (5) outcomes. Data analysis revealed the existence of both positive and negative learning experiences, both of which affect the overall equivalency of the VCR program. Although learning experiences varied in value, results indicated VCR programs provide an equivalent and viable alternative to earning back failed credits needed to graduate on time.

A Blockchain-Based Location Privacy Protection Incentive Mechanism in Crowd Sensing Networks.

Crowd sensing is a perception mode that recruits mobile device users to complete tasks such as data collection and cloud computing. For the cloud computing platform, crowd sensing can not only enable users to collaborate to complete large-scale awareness tasks but also provide users for types, social attributes, and other information for the cloud platform. In order to improve the effectiveness of crowd sensing, many incentive mechanisms have been proposed. Common incentives are monetary reward, entertainment & gamification, social relation, and virtual credit. However, there are rare incentives based on privacy protection basically. In this paper, we proposed a mixed incentive mechanism which combined privacy protection and virtual credit called a blockchain-based location privacy protection incentive mechanism in crowd sensing networks. Its network structure can be divided into three parts which are intelligence crowd sensing networks, confusion mechanism, and blockchain. We conducted the experiments in the campus environment and the results shows that the incentive mechanism proposed in this paper has the efficacious effect in stimulating user participation.

Relational Analysis of Talents’ Turnover and Management Factors in Bank’s Credit Card Center: An Empirical Analysis Based on Six Banks in Guangzhou

The development of bank’s credit card business faces serious challenges, and the bank employees’ turnover is becoming increasingly serious. In view of this, this thesis takes the employees of the credit card department of the six banking institutions in Guangzhou as the research object, and explores the key factors that influence the talent turnover of Chinese banking industry in the current environment. An official questionnaire is designed for research. Combining with the actual situation of corporate and domestic and foreign research results, in addition to the relational analysis on salary and benefits, career promotion and management communication which are traditional issues, this thesis has constructed a relational model of internal and external factors in the context of performance-based high-pressure brought by market saturation and the impact of the emerging business of mobile payment and virtual credit cards business. This thesis is more scientifically and comprehensively used for analysis and discussion. The talent turnover of bank’s credit card business is mainly due to the ambiguity in the development prospects of credit card business, the impact of mobile payment and emerging business of virtual credit card on employees’ psychological expectations, the high pressure of employees’ performance due to saturation of the credit card market, and the development of new consumer finance companies. Also, external work opportunities and other intricate internal and external factors lead to this result.

CAIS: A Copy Adjustable Incentive Scheme in Community-Based Socially Aware Networking

Socially aware networking (SAN) is a new communication paradigm, in which the social characteristics of mobile nodes are exploited to improve the performance of data distribution. In SAN, mobile carriers may exhibit selfish behaviors and refuse to relay messages for others for various reasons, such as limited resources (e.g., buffer, energy, and bandwidth) or social relationships. Several incentive schemes have recently been investigated to stimulate selfish users for cooperation in data forwarding. However, a majority of the existing methods have not fully studied nodes' social relationships in their selfish behaviors. In this paper, we propose a copy adjustable incentive scheme (CAIS), which adopts the virtual credit concept to stimulate selfish nodes to cooperate in data forwarding. In CAIS, we consider a network in which the nodes are divided into certain communities based on their social relationships. Then, we apply two types of credits, i.e., social credit and nonsocial credit, to reward the nodes when they relay data for other nodes inside their community or outsiders, respectively. Based on our mechanism, the number of messages a node can replicate to other nodes is adjusted according to its cooperation level and earned credits. To further improve the performance of CAIS, a single-copy data replication policy is employed, which manages the credit distribution of each node according to its available resources. The results of our extensive experiments using both synthetic and trace-driven simulations illustrate that CAIS copes well with node selfishness in community-based networks and outperforms other benchmark protocols with high data delivery ratio, low communication overhead, and short data delivery latency.

Cryptographically-Generated Virtual Credit Card Number for Secure Card-Not-Present Transactions

Card-Not-Present (CNP) transactions taking place remotely over the Internet are becoming more prevalent. Cardholder authentication should be provided to prevent the CNP fraud resulting from the theft of stored credit card numbers. To address the security problems associated with CNP transactions, the use of a virtual card number derived from the transaction details for the payment has been proposed, instead of the real card number. Since all of the virtual card number schemes proposed so far are based on a password shared between the cardholder and card issuer, transaction disputes due to the malicious behavior of one of the parties involved in the transaction cannot be resolved. In this paper, a new virtual card number scheme is proposed, which is associated with the cardholder’s public key for signature verification. It provides strong cardholder authentication and non-repudiation of the transaction without deploying a public-key infrastructure, so that the transaction dispute can be easily resolved. The proposed scheme is analyzed in terms of its security and usability, and compared with the previously proposed schemes.

Virtual credit card processing system

The Institute of Technology Blanchardstown decided in 1999 to teach Java to our computing students from 1st year. Java is now being used to support the practical component of all our subjects. This paper presents a project implemented by two of our third year students as a case study of what students can achieve after 3 years of Java programming. The virtual credit card processing system is an e-business system which provides a secure and universal mechanism for making purchases over the Internet. The system uses Remote Method Invocation(RMI), Java Server Pages(JSP), Java Servlets and Java Database Connectivity(JDBC).

대면거래환경에서 효율적인 인증을 위한 공개키 기반의 가상카드번호 결제 기법

ABSTRACT Financial fraud has been increasing along with credit card usag e. Magnetic stripe cards have vulnerabilities in that credit ca rd information is exposed in plaintext and cardholder verification is untrustworthy. So they have been replaced by a smart card scheme to provide enhanced security. Furthermore, the FinTech t hat combines the IT with Financi al product is being prevalent. For that reason, many mobile device based payment schemes have been proposed for card present transaction. In this paper, we propose a virtual credit card number payment scheme based on pu blic key system for efficient authentication in card present transaction. Our proposed scheme is able to authenticate effici ently in card present transaction by pre-registering virtual cr edit card number based on cardholder's public key without PKI. And w e compare and analyze our proposed scheme with EMV.Keywords: Card Present Transaction, Virtual Credit Card Number, Authenti cation, EMV, FinTech I.서 론 *

An Unlinkable Anonymous Payment Scheme based on near field communication

A number of mobile payment studies have been proposed in recently years. Most of the schemes are largely focused on transaction security, not on users’ privacy. In this paper, we propose an Unlinkable Anonymous Payment Scheme to provide a secure and anonymous mobile commerce environment. In the proposed protocol, a user applies an anonymous virtual credit card from a trusted service manager. The sensitive information of the applied credit card is stored in the secure elements of user’s mobile device. Our proposed protocol ensures various imperative security properties such as anonymity, unlinkability, and non-repudiation etc.

An Anonymous NFC-Based Payment Protocol

In this paper, we propose an anonymous NFC-based payment protocol (ANP) using NFC phones in a mobile payment framework. Our protocol is compatible with EMV standards, and can be integrated into an NFC-enabled mobile device serving as a virtual credit card. Each role in the framework can only gather partial user information. Our protocol achieves anonymity, in which only the bank knows a user’s real identity. TSM and the merchants are unable to break the anonymity. In a transaction, none can build up full relationship between a user’s identity and his account, his card information or transaction records.

Context-aware multi-objective resource allocation in mobile cloud

Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) augments capabilities of mobile devices by offloading applications to cloud. Resource allocation is one of the most challenging issues in MCC which is investigated in this paper considering neighboring mobile devices as service providers. The objective of the resource allocation is to select service providers minimizing the completion time of the offloading along maximizing lifetime of mobile devices satisfying deadline constraint. The paper proposes a two-stage approach to solve the problem: first, Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) is applied to obtain the Pareto solution set; second, entropy weight and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method are employed to specify the best compromise solution. Furthermore, a context-aware offloading middleware is developed to collect contextual information and handle offloading process. Moreover, to stimulate selfish users, a virtual credit based incentive mechanism is exploited in offloading decision. The experimental results demonstrate the ability of the proposed resource allocation approach to manage the trade-off between time and energy comparing to traditional algorithms.

효율적인 인증을 위한 해시 저장방식의 가상카드번호 결제 시스템

Electronic transactions have been increasing with the development of the high-speed Internet and wireless communication. However, in recent years financial corporations and mobile carriers were attacked by hackers. And large numbers of privacy information have been leaked. In particular, in the case of credit card information can be misused in the online transaction, and the damage of this given to cardholder. To prevent these problems, it has been proposed to use a virtual card number instead of the actual card number. But it has security vulnerability and requires additional security infrastructure. In this paper, we analyzed the proposed virtual card number schemes. and we propose a new virtual credit card number scheme. In the newly proposed scheme, cardholder generates a key pair (public key/private key) and pre-register public key to the issuer. then, cardholder can pay no additional security infrastructure while still efficiently satisfy the security requirements.

Debt: the first 5,000 years

Every economics textbook says the same thing: Money was invented to replace onerous and complicated barter systems—to relieve ancient people from having to haul their goods to market. The problem with this version of history? There’s not a shred of evidence to support it. Here anthropologist David Graeber presents a stunning reversal of conventional wisdom. He shows that 5,000 years ago, during the beginning of the agrarian empires, humans have used elaborate credit systems. It is in this era, Graeber shows, that we also first encounter a society divided into debtors and creditors. With the passage of time, however, virtual credit money was replaced by gold and silver coins—and the system as a whole began to decline. Interest rates spiked and the indebted became slaves. And the system perpetuated itself with tremendously violent consequences, with only the rare intervention of kings and churches keeping the system from spiraling out of control. Debt: The First 5,000 Years is a fascinating chronicle of this little known history—as well as how it has defined human history, and what it means for the credit crisis of the present day and the future of our economy.

An Incentive-Based Framework for Vehicle-Based Mobile Sensing

Mobile surveillance has been recently proposed as a replacement for traditional road-side surveillance system. One important aspect of a mobile surveillance system is to decide what are the events of interest. In this work, we adopt the concept of participatory sensing for mobile surveillance by involving a human into the loop of data collection. We introduce a virtual credit based mechanism to motivate the participants to collect data and share their bandwidth. Finally, we use a large-scale real-world vehicle trace to evaluate the feasibility of our proposed framework.

Using Structural Models for Default Prediction

I propose a new procedure for extracting probabilities of default from structural credit risk models based on virtual credit spreads (VCS) and implement this approach assuming a simple Merton (1974) model of capital structure. VCS are derived from the increase in the payout to debtholders necessary to offset the impact of an increase in asset variance on the option value of debt and equity. In contrast to real-world credit spreads, VCS do not contain risk premia for default timing and recovery uncertainty, thus yielding a purer estimate of physical default probabilities. Relative to the Merton distance to default (DD) measure, my measure (i) predicts higher credit risk for safe firms and lower credit risk for firms with high volatility and leverage (ii) requires fewer parameter assumptions (iii) clearly outperforms the DD measure when used to predict corporate default.