Violet Rays Research Articles

Community Empowerment in Stunting Prevention: Implementation of the UBaMa Method (Ultra Violet Rays and Baby Massage)

Babies are an age group that is vulnerable to stunting. The incidence of stunting in Ngariboyo District in 2022 was 185 (13.14%) children under five, the highest occurred in Mojopurno Village, which was 49 (19.91%) children under five. The purpose of this activity is to improve the understanding, attitude and behavior of baby mothers in stimulation with the UBaMa method. The method carried out is to conduct a pre-test for baby mothers, followed by providing explanations and training on the UBaMa method. After that, the baby's mother was asked to carry out UBaMa at home, evaluated at the second meeting and so on until the fourth meeting. After the fourth meeting, a post-test was carried out. The results achieved were an improvement in the skills of mothers under five to do stimulation with the UBaMa Method with a proficiency of 68%. Knowledge Improvement with pre-test 49 and post-test 83.75. The UBaMa Stimulation Method (Ultra Violet and Baby Massage) can improve the growth and development of babies. It is recommended that the baby's mother periodically stimulate UBaMa at least 3 times a week to increase breast milk production so that it can be used to prevent stunting.

The Inhibitive Action of Ocimum gratissimum leaf Extract on Mild Steel Corrosion using the Ultra Violet Light

This study investigated on the use of Ultra violet rays to determine its effect on mildsteel coated with Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract. It was an experimental research that was carried out using two media (the acid and the base), where the HCl served as the acidic medium while NaCl served as the basic medium respectively. Two containers containing 1200mg/l concentration of each corrodent, that is, 1200mg/l of HCl and NaCl respectively were used. Four well-polished coupons having mirror image were weighed and suspended over the corrodents HCl and NaCl respectively and placed in a dark cupboard over a UV light for one week. After one week two coupons were removed weighed, snapped and discarded. The remaining two were sprayed for another one week and kept under the UV light, they were blow dried and snapped for comparism. The results obtained showed that addition of Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract synergistically increased the efficiency of the inhibitor and that the HCl corroded more than the NaCl. The result shows that there was a reduction in the weight of the coupons, indicating that the UV light had an effect on the coupons by reducing the corrosive effect. It is observed that the two coupons in the acidic medium (HCl) weighed 5.0403 before brushing and 4.7697 after brushing and after one week under the UV light, it was observed that they weighed 5.0938 and 4.6082 before and after brushing respectively. The same thing was done for the basic medium(NaCl) and the result showed the weight of the two coupons before brushing was 4.5647 and after brushing was 4.5073 respectively. After one week it was seen that the weight of the coupons before brushing was 4.8786 and after brushing was 4.7237 respectively. This shows that UV radiation also increased the inhibitor efficiency and that corrosion activation energy increased in presence of the inhibitor. There was a reduction in the weight of the coupons in both media. It is therefore recommended that a mechanism of adsorption is proposed to explain inhibition behaviour.

Students’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Solar Ultraviolet Exposure in Karachi, Pakistan

BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR) from the sun is a significant environmental component that impacts on human health. Excessive UVR exposure has immediate impacts like burning and tanning, as well as long-term consequences including skin damage, photo-aging, skin malignancies. The objective for this study is to determine the student’s knowledge, attitude and practice regarding solar ultraviolet exposure in Karachi, Pakistan. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was done in Public Sector University; total 361 students were recruited through stratified cluster sampling from different colleges of university. Data collection was done by validated structured questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to determine the association of outcome variables with risk factors and p-value of <0.05 as a threshold of statistical analysis. RESULTS: Most of the students were appropriate knowledge (71%), positive attitude (51%) and safe practice (54%) regarding ultraviolet solar exposure. Almost half (69%) of participants were used sun protective agents. After adjustment of covariate, female gender (OR 2.20 (95% CI 1.29-4.07) (p-value 0.004), significantly associated with in-appropriate knowledge, third year students (OR 2.93 (95% CI 1.01-8.95) p-value 0.048) were significantly associated with negative attitude. Age group 18-21 years (OR 1.75(95% CI 1.43-5.31) p-value 0.003) were significantly associated with un-safe practice regarding solar ultraviolet exposure harmful effects. CONCLUSION: This study found that knowledge level was appropriate but attitude and practice level need to improve for prevention of harmful effects of solar ultra violet ray exposure. The study encourages students to be more aware of sun protection behavior in order to avoid the long-term effects of sun exposure.

The Effect of Compositional Optical Analysis of ZnO/TiO2 Composites In a Sunscreen Product

TiO2 and ZnO are active components in commercialized physical sunscreens that have a broad protective spectrum, which includes UVB and UVA. The combination of ZnO/TiO2 composites has more effective performance in blocking Ultra Violet rays in a wide wavelength range compared to ZnO or TiO2 alone. However, the high refractive index of TiO2 can cause a white cast. To solve the issue, a cream was created by incorporating antioxidants such as Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the ZnO/TiO2 composite optical composition on visible and ultra violet light. Three composition comparisons were investigated in the study: ZnO/TiO2 10% added VCO, ZnO/TiO2 5% added VCO, and ZnO/TiO2 5% without VCO. UV-vis spectroscopy characterization showed that the ZnO/TiO2 composite absorbed more effectively in the ultra violet range than in visible light, and the greatest absorption and maximum reflectance are in the UVA1 range. The higher the concentration of ZnO/TiO2 in the cream composition, the higher the cream's absorption and reflection peaks. The reflectance in the visible light region is low, between 30% and 40%, implying that visible light passes through the sunscreen cream 70% to 80% of the time. As a result, the higher the ultra violet reflectance of the physical sunscreen cream, the lower the transparency. The higher the concentration of ZnO/TiO2, the greater the band gap value of the physical sunscreen, in the range of 3.1–3.5 eV

A Study of Correlation between Tear Film Break - Up Time (TBUT), Pterygium and Pinguicula on Patents Attending a Tertiary Centre, North Bengal Medical College & Hospital, Darjeeling, Sub Himalayan Region, India

Introduction: Degenerative changes in conjunctive are quite common in India, especially after 40 years of age. Degenerative changes like Pterygium and Pinguicula occurs especially due to prolonged exposure to ultra violet rays who lives in dry windy area and having pre-existing dry eye syndrome. Pterygium is a elastotic degeneration of the subconjunctival tissue approaches towards the cornea in a triangular fashion. Pterygium is mostly prevalent on the palpebral aperture mostly in the nasal side. It is thought that the predominantly nasal location is related to reflection of light from the nasal bridge on to the nasal conjunctiva. The ultraviolet light may be mediated by mutation in the P53 gene.

The Role of Technology Advancement in Improving the Current Practice of Ambulance Decontamination in Malaysia: A Scoping Review

Abstract
 In Malaysia, the current methodology for decontaminating ambulances is by manually cleaning surfaces with Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approved disinfecting solutions as contrast to previous practice using water and soap. The solutions used are registered with National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency (NPRA) Ministry of Health Malaysia (NPRA) to ensure adherence to international standard of practice. The manual decontamination practices are effective if strictly conducted following guidelines. However, the proper cleaning and decontamination of an ambulance is an important task that frequently overlooked. It creates a risk to healthcare providers and their patients for subsequent ambulance trip. To ensure the patient compartment is absent from multitudes of infectious pathogen especially Covid-19, is not only an escalating challenge for healthcare providers as it is an unseen, but also poses a real threat to them and their patient. The healthcare managers should consider technologies that can provide a safer, effective and more efficient cleaning and decontamination of an ambulances. We proposed to adapt a new approach of decontamination by using a vapour based disinfection method coupled with germicidal enhancement using ultra violet. It utilizes an EPA-approved hospital disinfectant to decontaminate surfaces in the patient care compartment after every patient transport. A nozzle, placed inside the patient care compartment, disperses a mist of disinfectant solution that designed to meet standard requirement. The enhancement of germicidal effect using an ultra violet ray will disinfect and ensure a free patient compartment from an infectious organism. This decontamination system directly integrated into a new or existing ambulance. It is convenient, timesaving, hands-off solution for decontaminating of an ambulance and importantly creates a safer practice.
 Keywords: Ambulance service, decontamination, Vapour-based, safe practice.

Обоснование патогенетической направленности поэтапной световой иммобилизации в макулярной и витреоретинальной хирургии

Purpose. To substantiate the pathogenetic orientation of staged light immobilization in macular and vitreoretinal surgery. Material and methods. Literature data and own longterm clinical observations of the results of vitreoretinal, optoreconstructive, microsurgical and laser therapeutic, optical and refractive operations were analyzed. Particular emphasis was placed on the results of photostress-testing and differential aberrometry in macular and vitreoretinal pathology in combination with ametropia (150 eyes, 96 patients). Results. Studies have shown that changes in the retina and surgical operations for macular and vitreoretinal pathology create conditions, when the usual physiological light load begins to have a damaging effect on the retina and aggravate the course of the disease. The latter indicates the expediency of using various techniques for limiting the light load on the retina. This requires a gradual smooth transition from complete to various options for partial light immobilization. In all cases, optical photoprotection from external UV radiation, complete correction of ametropia and associated optical aberrations were shown This was indicated by a positive correlation between defocus and higher-order aberrations with an increase in visual acuity recovery time after a photostress-test. The timing of such immobilization should take into account the severity of the pathological process and the specific type of surgical intervention. This can be realized with a large arsenal of spectacle, contact, intraocular photochromic and spectral lenses that block the violet rays of visible light and attenuate the flow of rays of the blue spectral range. If full optical correction of ametropia, induced irregular astigmatism and higher order aberrations is impossible, their personalized laser correction is shown according to keratotopography and aberrometry data. This is indicated by the revealed positive correlation between the recovery time of visual acuity after the photostress-test, defocus, and higher-order aberrations. Conclusion. Gradual light immobilization in macular and vitreo-retinal surgery has a pathogenetic focus and should be more widely used in ophthalmic practice. Keywords: light immobilization, deprivation, photoprotection, macular and vitreo-retinal surgery

Advances and Development in Hybrid Polymer Composite: The Way Forward

This paper presents the unique and outstanding properties of hybrid polymer composite (HPC). The various classification of HPC based on the combination of matrices, fibres and fillers in use are brought to bear. The different techniques/methods employed in the production of hybrid polymer composites, ranging from hot press to cold press are being discussed. It is paramount to note that the production process of HPC from start to finish is not without some inherent and external challenges, such as agglomeration of fibre, fillers and weak interfacial adhesion between fillers and matrices. Chemical modification of fibre was identified as one of the ways of proffering solution to this drawback. This study also presents a wide range of the application of HPC as enumerated in this work. The degradation of HPC as a result of natural and accelerated weathering conditions such as ultra violet (UV) rays, heat caused by high temperature, rain and humidity was also discussed. The durability and lifespan of these HPC can be strengthened and prolonged through the use of intumescents and other additives. All of these can help in improving the resistance of HPC to adverse weathering conditions.

Design of a Safety Device Ultra Violet Light for Mercury Identification in Whitening Cream with Thin Layer Chromatography Method Using Camera OV7670 Based on Arduino Uno

Mercury is also called “air raksa” or hydrargyrum which is a chemical element with the symbol Hg and belongs to the heavy metal group with a liquid form and silvery color. Mercury is a heavy metal that is harmful to the skin when added to cosmetics, especially creams on the face, even in small concentrations because it is toxic. Identification of Mercury in the laboratory using the thin layer chromatography method with the help of ultra violet light causes medical personnel to be vulnerable to exposure to ultra violet rays which have a negative impact on eye and skin health. The purpose of this research is to design a safety to minimize exposure to ultra violet rays when identify mercury. OV76070 which can reduce direct contact with ultra violet light identifies the present of Mercury in the whitening cream will be carried out using a thin layer chromatography separation method with the help ultra violet 254nm-366nm. With the help of ultra violet lamps 254nm-366nm, and it is hoped that Mercury inspection using the OV7670 camera will be more efficient and accurate. The tool used in this research is the OV7670 camera with a power of 640 – 460 pixels (VGA) to take photo on thin layer chromatography plate, ultra violet lamps 254nm- 366nm. Overall the design of this tool is controlled by the Arduino Uno microcontroller. Image from the OV7670 camera can be monitored at the Liquid Crystal Display in the form of the appearance fluorescence spot indicating the presence of Mercury in the whitening cream sample.

Past Forward

Presents a photograph of James Henry Eastman's violet ray machine. In 1917, Eastman took advantage of the electrotherapy rage sweeping the United States and opened the Renulife Electric Co. to manufacture and sell violet ray machines. These quasi-medical devices, according to the company, could cure ailments ranging from abscess to writer’s cramp, and dozens of others in between. The machines employed a Tesla coil to produce a high-frequency, low-current beam, which was then applied to the skin via partially evacuated glass cylinders known as Geissler tubes. The high voltage ionized the gas within the tube, creating the purple glow that gave the device its name.

Development of an Environment and Climate Data Acquisition System (EC-DAQS) for Radio Propagation Studies

Most weather monitoring systems used for measuring meteorological parameters are imported. For many developing countries like Nigeria, importing measuring instruments is practically bedeviled with problems due to erratic exchange rates. This has hampered weather-related research especially in radio propagation studies where finite weather data are required. In the quest to develop a home-grown monitoring system, this paper presents an Environment and Climate data acquisition system (EC-DAQS). In the EC-DAQS, an Arduino Mega2560 microcontroller along with six environment and weather sensors were coded to measure, record and display atmospheric parameters. For digital signal processing and data logging, the sensors were interconnected to the microcontroller through an analogue-to-digital-converter (ADC). The measured data were displayed on a liquid crystal display (LCD) screen remotely connected to the controller. Temperature, Ultraviolet Violet (UV) rays, humidity and sound level were tested and calibrated with “off-the shelf” instruments. The mean bias error (MBE) and the root mean square error (RMSE) were used to validate the temperature readings from the EC-DAQS with readings from a standard infra-red thermometer. The low results of the MBE (0.16°C) and RMSE (0.51°C) – showed close proximity between the EC-DAQS and the standard infra-red digital thermometer measurements. Also, the equation obtained from modelling is a straight line of near unity slope (0.994) and a correlation of 99.98%. The EC-DAQS developed will be a useful meteorological instrument, and a suitable replacement for imported weather stations in terms of performance, cost and maintenance. It will also provide some invaluable data needed for radio-propagation research and applications.

Efficacy of HearNPV formulations against <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i> at different sunlight exposure period

<p>Experiment was conducted at Department of Entomology, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola during 2011- 2013 to see the effect of natural sunlight (UV) on HearNPV formulation. Experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Block Design replicated thrice. The aqueous and dry form of HearNPV formulations were prepared by using additives viz. Tinopal an optical brightener and silver nano particle and evaluated their capability to protect NPVs from Ultra Violet rays. HearNPV formulation were sprayed uniformly on the potted chickpea plants during noon hours. Twigs were collected at thirty minutes, One hour, One and half hours and two hours after spraying and kept in petriplates. The laboratory reared second instar larvae of <em>H. armigera</em> were released on each treated twig. Larval mortality was recorded at 4, 7 and 10 days after treatment. An aqueous form of HearNPV formulation, HearNPV + Silver Nano Particles @ 8 ?l /ml of HearNPV + Tinopal 1% + Sucrose 1% (T1) recorded 83.04% larval mortality at ten days after spraying which was at par with HearNPV alone unirradiated (84.21 % larval mortality) when exposed to sunlight up to one hour. Among the lyophilized form of formulations, HearNPV + Silver Nano Particles @ 8?l/ml of HearNPV + Tinopal 1% + Sucrose1% (T6) when exposed to sunlight up to one hour recorded 84.80% larval mortality at ten days after spraying which was at par with which was at par with HearNPV alone unirradiated (T12) (85.38% larval mortality) and higher than HearNPV alone irradiated. Both aqueous and lyophilized form of HearNPV showed decreasing larval mortality as compared to HearNPV alone unirradiated when exposed to sunlight up to one and half and two hours. Lyophilized HearNPV formulations recorded higher larval mortality as compared to aqueous form of HearNPV formulations at all sunlight exposure period.</p>

Fuzzy Based MPPT and Solar Power Forecasting Using Artificial Intelligence

Solar energy is the radiant heat and light energy harvested by ultra violet rays to convert into electrical Direct Current (DC). The solar energy stood ahead of other renewable energy as it can produce a constant level of alternating current over the year with minimal harmonic distortions. The renewable energy attracts the energy harvesters as there is rise of deficiency of carbon and reduction of efficiency in thermal energy generation. The concerns associated with the solar power generation are the fluctuation in the generated direct current due to the displacement of sun and deviation in the quantity of solar rays from place to place. This apprehension is overcome by following the technical methods of employing latest technology is determining the optimal position to harvest the solar power at the high rate and forecasting the power generation effectively. This paper proposes a novel hybrid methodology of employing fuzzy based controller to determine the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) in solar power generation and employing Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology to perform high precision forecasting of power generation. The K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm is a least assumption algorithm is employed in predicting the energy level harvested in the solar Photovoltaic cells. The Artificial Intelligence considers the vital parameters of displacement direction of the sun, temperature, clearness index and humidity in the air. The performance analysis of the proposed methodology is compared with the IEEE standard bus and the prediction is proved to be more precision with a maximum standard deviation of 0.06%.

NANO-BASED THERAPY FOR TREATMENT OF SKIN CARCINOMA

Skin carcinoma is a frequently occurring cancer caused due to ultra violet rays of the Sun. It starts from normal skin cells but later on transforms into cells which undergo uncontrolled mitosis. Skin cancer is not as deadly as other cancers and has no metastasis and is not life threatening. Conventional chemotherapy has in general failed to treat skin cancer due to non specific targeting, which is accompanied by several side effects. Novel therapeutic approach based on nanotechnology have emerged as the best alternative for skin cancer treatment. We presented current scenario of nano based particulate drug carrier approaches for effective therapy for skin carcinoma by reducing side effects. This approach also reduces frequency of administration and improves patient compliance. Nanotechnology has emerged as the best alternative for conventional therapy for the effective treatment of skin cancer. Nanoparticles can specifically target skin carcinoma and are able to sustain drug release and reduce side effects to a greater extent.

Multi-omics analysis to decipher the molecular link between chronic exposure to pollution and human skin dysfunction

Environmental pollution is composed of several factors, namely particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), ozone and Ultra Violet (UV) rays among others and first and the most exposed tissue to these substances is the skin epidermis. It has been established that several skin disorders such as eczema, acne, lentigines and wrinkles are aggravated by exposure to atmospheric pollution. While pollutants can interact with skin surface, contamination of deep skin by ultrafine particles or Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) might be explained by their presence in blood and hair cortex. Molecular mechanisms leading to skin dysfunction due to pollution exposure have been poorly explored in humans. In addition to various host skin components, cutaneous microbiome is another target of these environment aggressors and can actively contribute to visible clinical manifestation such as wrinkles and aging. The present study aimed to investigate the association between pollution exposure, skin microbiota, metabolites and skin clinical signs in women from two cities with different pollution levels. Untargeted metabolomics and targeted proteins were analyzed from D-Squame samples from healthy women (n = 67 per city), aged 25–45 years and living for at least 15 years in the Chinese cities of Baoding (used as a model of polluted area) and Dalian (control area with lower level of pollution). Additional samples by swabs were collected from the cheeks from the same population and microbiome was analysed using bacterial 16S rRNA as well as fungal ITS1 amplicon sequencing and metagenomics analysis. The level of exposure to pollution was assessed individually by the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and their metabolites in hair samples collected from each participant. All the participants of the study were assessed for the skin clinical parameters (acne, wrinkles, pigmented spots etc.). Women from the two cities (polluted and less polluted) showed distinct metabolic profiles and alterations in skin microbiome. Profiling data from 350 identified metabolites, 143 microbes and 39 PAH served to characterize biochemical events that correlate with pollution exposure. Finally, using multiblock data analysis methods, we obtained a potential molecular map consisting of multi-omics signatures that correlated with the presence of skin pigmentation dysfunction in individuals living in a polluted environment. Overall, these signatures point towards macromolecular alterations by pollution that could manifest as clinical sign of early skin pigmentation and/or other imperfections.

Study of Auto-Inflating and Deflating Air Bed for Phototherapy Treatment of Infants

<p>This document provides an itemized investigation of the Phototherapy Air bed designed and curated to maximize the comfort level of phototherapy treatment of new born babies. Phototherapy bed is normally hard for infants and opaque, which restrict the ultra violet light from floor side to hit the babies back side. Thus doesn’t give comfort to the babies which causes them unrest during the treatment and decreases the efficiency of the breakdown of bilirubin by bili-lights and thus results in bad or inefficient treatment. Beds had been designed like gel-pads and bubble wrap to give them comfort and increase the exposure of lights on neonatal but hadn’t been that much successful due to their difficulty in application. Thus we had designed a very comfortable and easily equitable air bed which smoothly changes the pressure points of babies while they lay on it and gives them maximum comfort like a home bed which eliminates their random motion on the bed surface and also enhance the body surface area to exposure of Ultra- Violet Rays which maximizes efficiency of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and eases treatment of neonatal jaundice.</p>

Effect of annealing on the photoluminescence and thermoluminescence properties of Eu2+ doped BaSO4 microgravels

The quest for developing phosphors emitting intense ultra violet (UV) rays and thermoluminescence (TL) occurring in the temperature range between 180 and 250 °C is on the progressive surge as the phosphors are highly desirable for phototherapy lamps and X-ray dosimetry. For this work, strong UV and TL emitting Eu2+ doped BaSO4 gravels of sub-micro size were synthesized by acid-assisted co-precipitation method. The as-prepared phosphors were annealed at different temperatures (300–700 °C) for 10 h to enhance the UV and TL emissions. The influence of annealing on the crystallite size, morphology, vibrational bands, PL and TL were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEGSM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Photoluminescence (PL) and TL spectroscopies, respectively. From XRD, it is noticed that the crystallite size and crystal quality increase when the annealing temperature is raised from 300 to 500 °C, whereas they are found to be decreasing at 600 °C and the trend continues till 700 °C. FEGSEM images show that all the phosphors have similar gravel morphology with inhomogeneous sub-micro size distribution. Formation of clusters is also noticed for phosphors while annealing in the range 300–500 °C. The vibrational bands related to the phosphor have been identified from the FTIR spectra. From PL and TL studies, the prominent emission intensity is found to be the maximum for 500 °C annealed phosphor revealing optimization. PL spectra also exhibit a strong UV emission at ~ 374 nm. The TL glow curve of the phosphors shows the first deconvoluted peak in the temperature range 198–210 °C and the second peak in the range 240.3–259.1 °C. The activation energy for the first peak is in the range 1.02 to 1.30 eV, whereas the second peak is in the range 0.72 to 2.98 eV. Thus the optimized multi-utility phosphor could be beneficial for phototherapy lamps and X-ray dosimeters.

FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP KECEPATAN TERJADINYA KATARAK SENILIS DI RS. KHUSUS MATA PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN

Katarak adalah setiap keadaan kekeruhan pada lensa yang dapat terjadi akibat hidrasi (penambahan cairan) lensa, denaturasi protein lensa atau terjadi akibat kedua-duanya. Berdasarkan data World Health Organization (WHO), katarak dapat menyebabkan kebutaan pada lebih dari 17 juta penduduk di dunia. Faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kecepatan berkembangnya kekeruhan lensa seperti diabetes melitus, hipertensi, obat tertentu, sinar ultra violet B dari cahaya matahari, efek racun dari merokok, alkohol, kurang vitamin E, dan radang menahun di dalam bola mata. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus sampai Desember tahun 2019 di RS. Khusus Mata Provinsi Sumatera Selatan dengan pengambilan sampel sebanyak 234 pasien dari rekam medik. Data diolah menggunakan SPSS. Dilakukan uji Chi-square untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kecepatan terjadinya katarak senilis di RS. Khusus Mata Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Dari 234 pasien, sebanyak 177 pasien (75,6%) menderita katarak senilis matur dan 57 pasien (24,4%) yang menderita katarak senilis imatur. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara katarak senilis dengan hipertensi (p=0,068; OR=1,084;95% CI=0,589-1,995). Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara katarak senilis dengan diabetes mellitus (p=1.808;OR=1,876;95%CI=0,741-4,747). Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara katarak senilis dengan jenis kelamin (p=0,51;OR=0,933;95% CI=0,514-1,696). Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara katarak senilis dengan usia (p=0,784;OR=1,319;95% CI;0,714-2,437). Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara katarak senilis dan jenis kelamin. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara katarak senilis dan usia.Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara katarak senilis dan hipertensi. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara katarak senilis dan diabetes melitus.

U.V light effect on the mechanical behaviour of HDPE/Carbon black composites

Energy is one of the most essential parts of our universe. Energy has come to be known as a ‘strategic commodity’ and any uncertainty about its supply can threaten the functioning of the entire economy. Sun is the plentiful source of energy freely & enormously available throughout the world. Solar energy is considered to be one of the more encouraging energy alternatives due to its ubiquity and sustainability. In solar energy floating solar power system is a revolutionary step as it can solve the perennial problem of land. In floating solar structure, floats made of HDPE material are used. The Ultra Violet (UV) rays present in the natural environment degrades HDPE materials. In the present study, the composite of HDPE material with concentration of 1%, 2% & 3% carbon black is used for making composites. The carbon black acts as UV stabilizer. The mechanical behaviour of the HDPE/Carbon black composite floats are analysed before and after U.V exposure. Properties like Tensile Strength, Breakpoint, Flexural Strength, Flexural Modulus, Impact Resistance, Hardness, are evaluated with different percentage of loadings. Incorporation of carbon does not show any major effect in the properties before and after U.V exposure, but a significant effect is observed at 2% loading of carbon black while compared to 1% and 3%.Further increase in carbon black percentage (more than 3%) will reduce the mechanical properties due to the development of stress concentration and crack propagation.

«Дьявольские лучи» в повести М.А. Булгакова «Роковые яйца»: об одной модной литературной теме в научной фантастике 1920-х годов

Science fiction literature of the 1920s connected with the topic of heat rays is studied. Begun in the novel of Herbert George Wells “The War of the Worlds” (1897) and in the novel of A.F. Ossendowski “Brig “Horror” (1913), in the decade after October Revolution it became more widely distributed. In each work heat rays got its name: “death rays” in the novel of H. Dominik (1921), “violet rays” in the novel of V.P. Kataev “The Island of Erendorf” (1924), “red ray”, or “life ray” in the novel of M.A. Bulgakov “The Fatal Eggs” (1924), heat rays in the novel of A.N. Tolstoy “The Garin Death Ray” (1926–1927), “orange ray” in the novel of A.F. Paley “Gulfstream” (1927). In all literary works, including pre-revolutionary ones (except for the last one – “Gulfstream”), the heat ray played an extremely negative role in the development of humanity and civilization. The Martians were the first to use weapons to destroy humanity, then the ray fell into the hands of brilliant scientists. The ray, created by brilliant scientists, most often end up in the hands of self-interested and obsessed people, and Russian writers brought a serious doubt to the scientistic aspirations of the human mind. This theme ran parallel to the road of modern re-search and discoveries in the field of science and technology: in the world laser weapons were be-ing developed as weapons of mass destruction for the future wars of a planetary scale. In the So-viet press, it was “baptized” as the “diabolic rays”, and most important – they tried to implement into the field of social transformations in society, which brought the October Revolution, plans on establishing a socialist system on the entire planet. The central place is given for the novel M.A. Bulgakov’s “The Fatal Eggs”, which absorbed not only the achievements of modern science and technology, not just fantasies of writers – predecessors and contemporaries, but also allusions on the occult motifs in literature and culture: black magic of doctor Faust from the drama-miracle play of J.W. Goethe “Faust”, spells from the “Egyptian Book of the Dead”, old Russian ritual “Troyetsyplyatnitsa”, the egg motif “ad ovo”. Numerous occult details in the story tell about the mechanism of the “red ray”.