Occurrence Of Violence Research Articles

Construction Of Sexuality And Sexual Violence Among Alumni Of Islamic State University Of Banjarmasin, Indonesia

In acts of sexual violence, the wearing of the headscarf is often exploited, so it is important to do research. This study uses qualitative which is a library research. Primary data is obtained from interviews, while secondary data is obtained from journals, books, articles, and online sites. The results of the study show that the forms of construction of jilbab sexuality and sexual violence involve several aspects, such as the jilbab which is interpreted as a symbol of submission, social identity, and expression space that is often exploited. This dynamic then triggers the occurrence of sexual violence, which is influenced by patriarchal culture, the authority of the female body, and power inequality. The results of the study also show the implications of this construction of sexuality on the repression of women's bodies, the occurrence of discrimination, and the normalization of violent behavior.

Status of Horizontal Violence, Level of Psychological Empowerment, and Their Correlation Among Obstetric Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

China's maternity policy has led to an increase in work pressure, which has prompted horizontal violence among obstetric nurses. To understand this phenomenon better, we attempted to identify the factors that influence horizontal violence as well as the level of psychological empowerment among obstetric nurses. This cross-sectional survey was conducted among 522 obstetric nurses from December 2022 to February 2023. The findings revealed that 40.42% (211) of the obstetric nurses had experienced horizontal violence in the past 3 months. The overall level of psychological empowerment of obstetric nurses was relatively low. Regression analysis indicated that being a formal worker, being from the area where one serves, the meaning attributed to work, and perceptions of autonomy, self-efficacy, and work impact acted as protective factors against the risk of horizontal violence among obstetric nurses. When compared with the 20-29-year-old age group, those in the 30-39-year-old age group showed a lower risk of experiencing horizontal violence (odds ratio [OR] = 0.369, p < 0.01). Compared with nurses who had worked in obstetrics for < 3 years, those who had worked for 3-5, 6-10, 11-20, and > 20 years showed lower risks of experiencing horizontal violence than the reference level (OR = 0.234, p < 0.05; OR = 0.182, p < 0.05; OR = 0.105, p < 0.05; and OR = 0.056, p < 0.05, respectively). The incidence of horizontal violence among obstetric nurses is high, and the overall level of psychological empowerment is low. Nursing managers can alleviate the occurrence of horizontal violence by augmenting the psychological empowerment level of obstetric nurses.

Children’s problems [مشاكل]: A mixed-methods study on physical violence experienced by children living in the Sahrawi refugee camps near Tindouf, Algeria

BackgroundPhysical violence towards children is quite common in refugee camps, and also in the Middle East and North Africa region in general. Hardly anything is known about physical violence towards and between Sahrawi children living in refugee camps near Tindouf, Algeria. These camps are unique in that they are semi-permanent, and are ruled by their own government. ObjectivesAnalyzing the occurrence of physical violence experienced by children living in the Sahrawi refugee camps, and the cultural/normative factors that determine this occurrence. MethodsThe study employed a mixed-method strategy, combining qualitative interviews with n = 93 participants (who held the following, sometimes combined, roles: 36 children, 18 parents, 13 teachers, 8 young persons, 9 (I)NGO employees/youth workers, 5 government employees, 3 legal professionals/police, 6 journalists/doctors/nurses/imams), and quantitative data from a questionnaire filled in by n = 172 children. ResultsPhysical violence against and between children occurs often (e.g. 52.9% of children have seen or heard children seriously fighting with each other “lots of times”, 38.1% have been hit, punched or slapped by an adult family member at least once; 40.6% of children have been hit, punched or slapped by a teacher “a few times” or “lots of times”). Severe physical violence from adults against children is rare (e.g. 5.5% of children reported that an adult family member tried to hurt them with a knife/other sharp object at least once; 5.6% reported that a teacher did this at least once). (Light) beating by adults is considered normal and educational, and fighting between peers is considered normal by adults, while it is considered problematic by children. ConclusionsThe child’s right to protection from physical violence is violated regularly in the camps. There are several factors that contribute to this situation, namely: 1) a lack of child-friendly spaces and materials, 2) the normalization of certain forms of violence, and 3) the lack of effective protection/enforcement mechanisms.

A Survey on Safety Accidents in Clinical Practice of Nursing Students

Purpose: The purpose of this survey was to investigate the type of safety accidents experienced by nursing students during clinical practice in hospital and to determine the safety accident experiences according to the general characteristics of nursing students. Methods: The subjects of the study were 340 senior nursing students who experienced clinical practice of 9 nursing colleges in 7 regions of Korea. Data collection was done using the general characteristics and the safety accidents in clinical practice of nursing students tool that the researchers developed and took validity verification. Result: The most common safety accident in clinical practice was physical/psychological burnout, experienced by 111 students (32.6%). The second was psychological violence, experienced by 86(25.3%), and the third was needle stick/sharps Injuries, experienced by 63(18.5%). The fourth were musculoskeletal problems and sexual violence, each experienced by 43(12.6%). The occurrence of physical/ psychological burnout significantly differs depending on gender (χ2=16.40, p&lt;.001), personality trait (χ2=7.03, p=.008), class lesson score (χ2=10.39, p=.006), university affiliated hospital (χ2=9.73, p=.002), health status (χ2=40.06, p&lt;.001), and fatigue level (χ2=11.42, p=.003). The occurrence of traumatic injuries significantly differs depending on health status (χ2=11.89, p=.003). The occurrence of psychological violence significantly differs depending on personality traits (χ2=4.52, p=.033), health status (χ2=10.17, p=.006), and stress level (χ2=9.13, p=.010). Conclusion: In order to prevent and cope with safety accidents in clinical practice, universities and hospitals should have an organic relationship and provide education on accident prevention for nursing students, continuous monitoring of safety accidents, and develop in-hospital safety protocols for nursing students.

The United States Role of the Occurrence of Violence in Cyprus

Cyprus used to be under occupation of the foreign states for many centuries and sovereignty usually with few exceptions was not transferred peacefully. As it is well known, in the 19th century, use of force in international relations was seen as normal. In the 1878 however, transformation of sovereignty in Cyprus from the Ottoman Empire to the United Kingdom (UK) was by peaceful means. The UK ruled Cyprus mostly in peace until the uprising in 1931. The upheaval of the Greek Cypriots against the UK was to unite Cyprus with Greece (Enosis). The uprising was settled by violence and the constitutional rights suspended immediately. In 1955 when the riot of the Greek Cypriots occurred again this time the UK was successful to get support of Türkiye and the Turkish Cypriots and converted the anti-colonial struggle to the ethnic strife. Clearly, the occurrence of violence in Cyprus in 20th Century begun during the British period but it continued after the colonial period. Although the United States (US) refrained direct involvement to Cyprus problem it assisted to the formation of the Republic of Cyprus by 1960s. During the Cold War conditions, the US had to involve to the Cyprus problem because of two reasons: Firstly, in order to prevent a war between Türkiye and Greece, the two “motherlands” of the Turkish and Greek Cypriots; secondly to stop the violence between two local communities. In Washington DC the US leadership met with Greek and Turkish prime ministers in 1964 and they decided to solve the Cyprus problem forever. In Geneva the US representative had several meetings with the officials of Greece and Türkiye. There, the US former secretary of state offered his plan that included the use of violence for the dissolution of the Republic of Cyprus. The US plan could not be implemented at the time but after 10 years, its spirit became the source of the violence in Cyprus. In this study mainly the role of the US in occurrence of violence in the island will be studied.

Expression level of myocardial enzymes in patients with schizophrenia: Predictive value in the occurrence of violence

BACKGROUND Schizophrenic patients are prone to violence, frequent recurrence, and difficult to predict. Emotional and behavioral abnormalities during the onset of the disease, resulting in active myocardial enzyme spectrum. AIM To explored the expression level of myocardial enzymes in patients with schizophrenia and its predictive value in the occurrence of violence. METHODS A total of 288 patients with schizophrenia in our hospital from February 2023 to January 2024 were selected as the research object, and 100 healthy people were selected as the control group. Participants’ information, clinical data, and laboratory examination data were collected. According to Modified Overt Aggression Scale score, patients were further divided into the violent (123 cases) and non-violent group (165 cases). RESULTS The comparative analysis revealed significant differences in serum myocardial enzyme levels between patients with schizophrenia and healthy individuals. In the schizophrenia group, the violent and non-violent groups also exhibited different levels of serum myocardial enzymes. The levels of myocardial enzymes in the non-violent group were lower than those in the violent group, and the patients in the latter also displayed aggressive behavior in the past. CONCLUSION Previous aggressive behavior and the level of myocardial enzymes are of great significance for the diagnosis and prognosis analysis of violent behavior in patients with schizophrenia. By detecting changes in these indicators, we can gain a more comprehensive understanding of a patient’s condition and treatment.

Trajectories and Predictors of Client Violence Among Child Protection Services Workers.

This study used social dominance theory and the Jobs Demands-Resources (JD-R) model to: (1) examine child protective services (CPS) workers' trajectories of client violence, including yelling, threats, and physical violence over job tenure; and (2) assess how demographic characteristics and job attributes contributed to the trajectories. Using data from a longitudinal study of newly-hired CPS workers (n = 837-859 depending on outcome), we examined trajectories of client violence from 6 months to 3.5 years. Multi-level mixed effect logistic regression was used to examine how demographic variables and time-lagged job attribute predictors (e.g., caseload characteristics, time pressure, role demands) contributed to the occurrence of client violence over time. Over the study period, the experience of being yelled at declined from 80% to 64%. Being threatened declined from nearly 48% to nearly 39%, while physical violence did not change. Younger and White workers as well as women generally experienced higher rates of non-physical violence. Caseload difficulty, role demands, and time pressure related to higher rates of non-physical violence, while organizational supports were not significant. Physical violence occurred sporadically; time pressure was the only significant variable. The influence of job attributes on each form of violence did not change over time. The high rates of non-physical violence, particularly during early tenure, suggest the need for providing vulnerable workers the skills to assess for and manage client violence. When violence occurs, developing responsive protocols for CPS workers at all levels can nourish a culture of safety thereby reducing future incidents.

The Impact of Household Debt on Domestic Violence (DV) Against Children in Indonesia

Financial difficulties within a household could contribute to cases of domestic violence (DV). This study investigates the correlation between household debt and occurrences of domestic violence towards children in Indonesia. The study employs a quantitative methodology, notably utilising multinomial logistic regression analysis. Evidence suggests that households with several forms of debt are more prone to exhibiting both psychological and physical domestic violence against children, in contrast to households without domestic violence. This association maintains its significance even after taking into account control variables, such as the age of the spouse, the level of education of the head of home, the spouse's level of education, the size of the household, the perception of domestic violence, the schooling status of the children, and the age of the children are statistically associated with psychological, physical, and both types of domestic violence against children. Policymakers should assess household loan repayment capacity to limit lending to those at risk of financial struggle, while the government should implement parental education programs to raise awareness of child abuse and encourage non-violent parenting techniques.

Gendered socialization and sexual violence - A socio-anthropological study in Togo.

This article bases its argument on the social representations that justify sexual violence against adolescent girls and women and make it commonplace. It looks at the constructions of masculinity and femininity and their potential effects on the occurrence of sexual violence among adolescent girls. This is a socio-anthropological study carried out in the plateau regions of Togo. The empirical data came from individual semi-directive interviews (55), life stories (4) of adolescent rape victims and group interviews (40) with several stakeholders (adolescents, parents of adolescents, educators, community leaders and religious leaders). The results show that despite the efforts of the State and non-governmental organisations, local sexuality logics often have an impact on the persistence of sexual violence. (.

Factors associated with occurrence of workplace violence against healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a meta-analysis

Objectives. Healthcare systems all over the world are increasingly alarmed by the prevalence of workplace violence (WPV) directed at healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the aim of the current review was to investigate the factors associated with WPV against HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. This study was conducted in December 2021. Four international databases along with two Iranian databases were searched. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement served as the foundation for the reporting procedure. Results. A total of 13 articles were included in the analysis. Results showed that females are less at risk of WPV (odds ratio [OR] 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.67, 0.84], p = 0.000 based on a fixed-effects model). Moreover, significant association was found between education level (OR 1.09, 95% CI [1.05, 1.14]), age (correlation = 0.025, 95% CI [0.014, 0.036]) and work experience (correlation = 0.028, 95% CI [0.016, 0.016]) and WPV. Conclusion. The primary factors linked to WPV exposure were found to be gender, education level, age and work experience. Additional research is necessary to provide more accurate and detailed data.

Gender Mainstreaming in Women-Friendly Village Development Policies in Siak Regency, Riau Province - Indonesia

Even though Indonesia has adopted a Gender Mainstreaming policy through Presidential Instruction No. 9 of 2000, gender inequality remains a significant issue in Indonesia’s development process. Inequality in Indonesia is largely due to a lack of commitment from the Government and Regional Governments to implementing Gender Mainstreaming (PUG), especially in Siak Regency. Women’s participation is necessary at every stage of development, so gender mainstreaming needs to be supported and implemented. If the policy is implemented in a village it will be more pronounced because it is implemented directly by the community. However, this policy is not yet women-friendly because women’s involvement in the policy formulation process is still low. Women are still used as policy objects, not subjects so women’s interests have not been accommodated much in village development policies. Gender Mainstreaming (PUG) also aims to provide protection to women so that women’s rights are guaranteed and fulfilled to grow, develop and participate optimally in accordance with human dignity, as well as receiving protection from economic and sexual exploitation. This research was designed using a justice theory approach and a public policy theory approach. In these two quite different approaches, various data and in-depth information regarding gender mainstreaming in development policy in the village were obtained. In the previous research, which was related to “Gender Mainstreaming in the Green Siak Policy: Design of a Women-Friendly Ecology-Based Regency Budget Transfer (TAKE) Policy in Siak Regency, Riau Province - Indonesia”, it was also not seen how this policy was only intended for the public interest, not especially the participation of women. Women in the development process are expected to participate where BPS data shows that in 2022 there will be 12.72% of female heads of households, a decrease compared to the previous year, namely 14.38%. Women have the same potential human resources as men, although in general, in Indonesia, the participation of men is more dominant than that of women. The birth of the Green Siak policy gave rise to the TAKE policy (ecology-based budget transfer) with the aim of realizing environmentally sound development only and not creating women-friendly villages. Gender mainstreaming in various government programs at the local level is still only a discourse (narrative policy). Gender issues have not yet become a central issue in local policy discussions, so gender issues are drowned out in the midst of other issues such as environmental issues, employment issues, poverty issues and infrastructure issues. Policies that should accommodate women’s interests amidst demands for achieving the SDGs have, in fact, not become mainstream in regional policies. The findings of this research indicate that village development policies are not yet fully inclusive of women or women-friendly. The policies issued still dominate the general interest and are not specific to women, such as women’s empowerment programs, women’s protection, and strengthening the capacity of women heads of households. Efforts to empower women are preventive of the occurrence of domestic violence. This effort is not solely through a juridical approach but can be accompanied by sociological, economic, psychological, criminological and cultural approaches that prevails in Siak Malay society. Keywords: Gender Mainstreaming, Policies, Women Friendly

The prevalence of physical and verbal violence among emergency medicine physicians in military hospitals vs non-military hospitals, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: multi-center cross-sectional study

IntroductionIn healthcare settings, physical and verbal attacks are commonly encountered in the workplace among healthcare providers. Patients and patients’ relatives and friends have been reported to be the perpetrators of workplace violence. Among all healthcare settings, emergency department (ED) have been designated as high-risk settings for violence, where more than one-quarter of emergency physicians reported that they were victims of physical assault. This study aimed to report the prevalence of workplace violence against emergency medicine physicians in military and non-military hospitals in Jeddah city.MethodologyA cross-sectional design has been used in this study. An electronic questionnaire was developed through the Google Form Platform and it included demographic data, the occurrence of verbal or physical violence in the workplace to participants, how many times they experienced this violence, the time of incidents, the location either inside or outside the hospital, whether the perpetrators were mostly patients, patient families, or friends, and whether they reported any violence or not. Categorical variables were used to describe frequencies and percentages, while descriptive statistics such as mean and 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) were used to summarize the scale variables. P < 0.05 was considered for statistically significant differences.ResultsAmong the 100 participants, 76 experienced either physical or verbal violence, or both. The remaining 24 did not experience any sort of violence. 83% of the physicians who have been physically violated were working in non-military hospitals. Of the 72 participants who had experienced verbal violence, 51 (70.8%) were working in a non-military hospital, while 21 (29.2%) were in a military hospital. The most common reason for not reporting was that the participants felt that reporting the violence incidence was useless. Moreover, 92% of participants chose “Train healthcare workers to deal with violent attacks” as a suggested helpful factor in decreasing the number of work-related violence. In addition, “Education of the public” and “Raising awareness of healthcare workers” were chosen as helpful factors as well by 91% and 90% of participants, respectively.ConclusionThis revealed that physicians in non-military hospitals experience higher levels of violence compared to their military counterparts. However, it is concerning that instances of violence are substantially under-reported across both military and non-military healthcare facilities.

The Influence of Socio-Cultural Capital on Efforts to Prevent and Address Violence Against Women: Case Study of Women Victims of Violence in Bandung Regency

Violence against women is a complex social issue with diverse causes. Economic, social, and cultural factors contribute to the occurrence of such violence. Analyzing social and cultural capital is a way to understand the root causes of violence against women. This research aims to analyze the influence of social and cultural capital on efforts to prevent and address violence against women in Bandung Regency. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The research findings indicate that the social capital influencing efforts to prevent and handle violence comes from the social networks of women victims of violence, including family, religious groups, and the Bale Istri community. However, cultural capital has a low influence on efforts to prevent and handle violence against women. The cultural capital of women victims of violence is still influenced by patriarchal culture, which forms embodied cultural capital based on long-internalized patriarchal norms and values. The internalized practice of patriarchal culture can be altered through gender and violence socialization by Bale Istri, enabling women to develop new embodied cultural capital that supports the prevention and handling of violence against women. Cultural change is an ongoing process that requires a long time; a combination of strong social capital and efforts towards cultural change can overcome various barriers in preventing and addressing violence against women (KtP).

The Impact of Early Marriage on Social Life in Wakan Village, Jerowaru District, East Lombok Regency

The aim of this research is to determine the impact of early marriage on the social life of the community in Wakan Village, Jerowaru subdistrict, East Lombok district. The type of research, used is qualitative research, namely describing existing phenomena through a scientific approach. The data collection techniques used by researchers are observation methods, interview methods and documentation methods. Based on the results of research in Wakan Village, Jerowaru subdistrict, Easy Lombok Regency, the background to early marriage is 1) The relationship between the economic situation of parents and their interest in pursuing education, 2) The tradition of early marriage, 3) The influence of media developments, 4) People’s desires. Parents to merry off their children and, 5) The rise of promiscuity among teenagers. While the impact on social life is 1) Increasing dropout rates, 2) Dissatisfaction in adolescence which leads to extramarital affairs, 3) Lack of emotional maturity which leads to divorce, 4) Occurrence of domestic violence (KDRT).

The Form of Resolution of Juvenile Delinquency in Indonesia

The juvenile delinquency is an impact of a lack of understanding of the character possessed by a child who grows to maturity, apart from parental supervision and a lack of understanding of the rules and norms that apply in society so that deviations occur, in This is juvenile delinquency that often occurs, for example, bullying or brawls that occur until the occurrence of violence and the emergence of criminal violations. The purpose of this research is to analyze the factors of juvenile delinquency crimes in Indonesia, secondly to provide solutions for juvenile delinquency crimes in Indonesia. This study uses a descriptive research method with a normative juridical approach. The research data used is secondary data consisting of primary and secondary legal materials, with analysis of data obtained from research results in the form of data from Library research analyzed qualitatively. The results of this study, Solutions for Juvenile Delinquency Violations in Indonesia are the responsibility of all of us, through an approach in the field of Education, the learning curriculum is included as early as possible and can be started from grade VII education as the basis for understanding legal science, it is hoped that in the development of knowledge of juvenile delinquency law in Indonesia. can be overcome to make a better and more advanced generation, so that it becomes welfare, peace in accordance with the culture based on the values of Pancasila.

Domestic Violence within Violence Mediation Programming: Keys Insights into the Nature, Rate, and Interconnection with Community Violence

ABSTRACT Domestic and community violence are two pervasive societal issues. While research indicates significant connections between these forms of violence, detailed exploration of their co-occurrence and specific characteristics within intervention and prevention programs remains lacking. Understanding these complex interactions is crucial, as many programs are not designed to address the diverse manifestations of violence simultaneously. They often focus on one type, potentially overlooking the broader spectrum of violence that individuals might experience or contribute to. This study aims to illuminate the frequency and nature of these violence types within the context of intervention efforts. To bridge this gap, we engaged in a systematic, secondary analysis, delving into 1,943 conflicts documented across 25 CeaseFire program sites in Chicago between 2000 and 2015. Data included information from mediation forms regularly completed by CeaseFire staff post-mediation. Our primary focus encompassed a content analysis of these cases to establish a baseline occurrence of domestic violence within violence mediations. Subsequently, we probed the prevalence and intricate interplay between community and domestic violence, exploring potential bidirectional influences. Of the 1,943 conflicts mediated among program sites in Chicago, 151 conflicts displayed signs of interconnection with community violence, falling into the categories of retaliation or intervention. In summation, the findings underscore the entwined nature of domestic and community violence, often transitioning from one form (primarily domestic) to another (typically community-based) in the form of escalating retaliatory behaviors. Violence prevention and intervention endeavors must consider the plausible escalation patterns stemming from interconnected violence forms, significantly shaping mediation strategies.

Alcoholism, Family Violence and Related Consequences: A Case Study of Alcohol Affected Families of Punjab

Aims: The main objective of the study was to understand the issues of alcoholism and violence in the family. It discusses how alcoholism leads to family violence and further, derails the life of family members and put an institution of family into a crisis. Study Design: The study was based on fieldwork conducted in different parts of Punjab. Exploratory research design was prepared to understand the issue. Methodology: Sample of 100 families were selected for study and further, four members in each family namely, the alcoholic, spouse, one of the parents and one of the children were selected for the interview, so that an overall picture of family violence can be obtained. A total number of 303 respondents (100 alcoholics, 73 spouse, 68 children, and 62 parents) are interviewed. Semi-structured interview schedule used for data collection purpose. With the help of snowball technique, sampled families and their members are located and interviewed. Results: The study found 87% of the families faced the incident of violence due to the critical addiction of alcoholic members. Among these families, 80.82% spouses, 79.03% parents and 64.70% children were the victim of violence. Physical abuse was found very common among spouses (69.86%), verbal abuse among parents (91.78%) and mental abuse among children (63.01%). Majority (57.47%) families, who faced violence, belongs to low income category and less education category (86.18%). Conclusion: The study concludes, critical addiction of alcohol leaves the highest probability for occurrence of violence in the family. Further, it increases the probability of more critical consumption of alcohol among alcoholics and then more violence. Gradually, all of this turn into a vicious circle of critical drinking and family violence. Moreover, this creates many troubles for all members of the family and pushes the institution of family towards crisis.

Workplace violence against healthcare professionals in Morocco

Background: Violence in hospitals is a significant problem and it has a negative impact on healthcare professionals. Aims: We sought to identify the occurrence, characteristics and consequences of violence against healthcare professional in Morocco and propose preventive measures. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 among medical and paramedical healthcare professionals at a 1548-bed Moroccan university hospital that comprises 5 hospitals. Interviews were conducted using an anonymous, structured and self-administered questionnaire. The data were analysed using SPSS version 10.0. Results: Our study included 480 health workers, 61% were women and 61% were paramedics. Their mean age was 29.6±5 years and the median professional experience was 3 years. The average frequency of violence was 76% (95% CI: 72–79); verbal violence was 99%, psychological violence 34%, and physical violence 21%. More women (62%) experienced violence than men and more paramedics (83%) than medics. The perpetrators of this violence were mostly (77%) family members of the patients. The workers estimated underreporting of violence at 38%. Conclusion: Healthcare professionals are frequently exposed to violence. Reporting of such violence should be encouraged to enhance prevention and proper management by health workers and the responsible authorities.

‘It was horrible to watch, horrible to be a part of’: Midwives’ perspectives of obstetric violence

BackgroundObstetric violence, including unconsented interventions, coercion and disrespect, violates human rights; impacting the physical and psychosocial health of women. The perspective and experience of midwives related to obstetric violence have been explored in low and middle-income countries, with limited research into the experience of midwives in high income nations. AimTo explore Australian midwives’ perspectives of obstetric violence. MethodsThematic analysis of qualitative in-depth interviews with 15 midwives experienced in supporting women during birth. Critical feminist theory underpinned each stage of the research. FindingsInterviews with 15 Australian midwives from diverse care settings were analysed thematically. Four key themes were developed from the data: ‘the operationalisation of obstetric violence’, ‘the impact of obstetric violence’ ‘the historical and situational context’ and ‘hope for the future’. Midwives considered entrenched patriarchal structures and gender inequity as fundamental to the occurrence of obstetric violence. This societal scaffold is intensified within health care systems where power imbalances facilitate maternal mistreatment through coercion and grooming women for compliance in the antenatal period. Fragmented care models expose women to mistreatment with continuity models being protective only to a point. Midwives experience their own trauma, as a result of what they have witnessed, and due to the lack of support they receive when advocating for women. ConclusionsObstetric violence occurs in Australian maternity systems with unconsented interventions, overmedicalisation, coercion, and disrespect observed by midwives. Care-related trauma impacts on the mental health of midwives, raising workforce concerns for policy makers, consumer advocates and professional bodies.

Empirical Study of the Occurrence of Domestic Violence in Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province

The smallest social unit in society is the household or family, and this has a significant impact on the personality development of each family member and the way they interact with other people. The aim of this research is to identify the causes and various forms of domestic violence in Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. and Factors influencing the occurrence of domestic violence in Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. This research uses empirical methodology, with data sourced from literature reviews and field investigations. The research was conducted in Central Sulawesi Province, in Banggai Regency. collecting information in the field through field work, interviews and observations. After that, qualitative descriptive analysis was used to test the data. Research findings show that in Banggai district, Central Sulawesi Province, there are very frequent cases of domestic violence where the victims are generally women. In addition, a number of laws and regulations have been enacted to protect women who are victims of domestic violence. Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence is one of the legal regulations that specifically regulates domestic violence. However, the many laws and regulations governing women's safety do not adequately consider women's needs to protect them from crimes involving domestic violence. Economic problems, social media, adultery and drug use are key variables that influence the incidence of domestic violence. So it is hoped that the government, police and society can work together to combat acts of domestic violence in order to minimize physical, psychological and sexual domestic crimes and create a harmonious household environment.