Violent Criminals Research Articles

The Influencing Factors of Psychological Causes of Violent Crime

Violent crimes not only can cause significant economic losses, but also affect people's mental health. This passage discusses the various psychology factors that form violent crimes in combination with literature. The group of violent criminals usually has cognitive defects, which are manifested in poor judgment, serious distortion of values and morals, and are easily influenced by wrong ideas. In addition, this type of criminals are also generally emotionally unstable, vulnerable to emotional frustration, and often dominated by strong negative emotions such as anger and resentment. Thirdly, in terms of personal quality, the violent criminal group also has defects, that is, the criminals have poor self-regulation and control ability, and are prone to lose control or over-suppress emotions. Finally, from the analysis of personality and personality psychological factors, it is pointed out that violent criminals usually have obvious negative personality traits, such as impulsiveness, lack of responsibility and sympathy, and excessive expansion of self-awareness. These personality defects may be the root cause of their violent means. In general, these different psychological factors interact with each other and jointly influence and form the psychological mechanism of violent crime. This article can provide some support for understanding the causes and prevention of violent crimes.

ViCAP usage and viability for sexual assault investigations: findings from a survey of SAKI sites

ABSTRACT In 2018, the Bureau of Justice Assistance Sexual Assault Kit Initiative (SAKI) began mandating SAKI funding awardees submit eligible cases to the Violent Criminal Apprehension Program (ViCAP), a database which allows for the identification and analysis of serial violent crimes. Limited research has examined the use of ViCAP by SAKI sites or SAKI site personnels’ perceptions of ViCAP. To address this gap, we conducted a survey of SAKI sites (N = 24) to identify trends regarding ViCAP personnel and training, ViCAP case entry and eligibility processes, and barriers/opportunities to increase the use of ViCAP. Findings show most sites are entering cases into ViCAP, but the utility of ViCAP as an investigatory tool is hindered by structural barriers in hiring/retention and training which prevent SAKI sites from fully leveraging ViCAP’s resources.

Paternal Filicide in Sweden: Background, Risk Factors and the Cinderella Effect.

An overrepresentation of stepchildren as victims of filicide has been explained as a consequence of 'discriminative parental solicitude'. The idea being that Darwinian selection has favoured parental love and concern only for biological children, and when such parental feelings are absent, as in stepparents, conflicts with a child could easier escalate to lethal violence. An alternative explanation for this overrepresentation of stepchildren is that risk factors for filicide, such as criminal behaviour and mental health problems, are more prevalent in stepparents. This study focused on paternal filicide in Sweden and investigated (i) if stepchildren are overrepresented as victims of filicide compared with biological children, (ii) if filicides are committed in a context that implies a 'conflict with the child victim' and (iii) if stepfathers and biological fathers differ in characteristics associated with filicide risk. The analyses showed that stepchildren were overrepresented as victims compared with children of fathers in families with two biological parents and this overrepresentation was even higher in young children. Children of single biological fathers and children of non-residential biological fathers were also overrepresented as victims of filicide. Less than 20 percent of the filicides were committed in the context of a 'conflict with the child' and in these cases only stepchildren were overrepresented as victims. In the population at large, both stepfathers and single biological fathers had higher rates of mental health problems, violent criminality and illegal possession of drugs compared with fathers in families with two biological parents.

Pursuing Opacity: Geographies of Visibility in the Western Mediterranean

AbstractThe Moroccan and Spanish governments pursue the visibility of people and things. They observe and survey in order to codify, catalogue, classify, and calculate. Rather than trace the contours of such projects, this paper seeks to provoke a more sustained engagement with modes of errantry that confound their logics of command and control. Building on more than 18 months of multi‐sited ethnography, it explores how marginalised communities navigate unequal geographies of visibility. To do so, I revisit the work of Édouard Glissant and some of his interlocutors to contemplate fluctuating vectors of opacity amongst communities living in hashish trafficking hubs. Frequently stigmatised as violent criminals and indolent freeloaders—their itineraries effaced—inhabitants of La Atunara (Spain) and the central Rif (Morocco) grapple with detection and wrestle with capture. This paper explores these positionings without reading them as disarray or disorder but as purposeful refusals worthy of political reflection.

Why do voters elect criminal politicians?

Voters across the world are often complicit in electing bad-quality legislators to political office. This problem is particularly salient in India, where candidates accused of criminality often succeed at the polls. Why do voters show a willingness to cast their ballots for candidates accused of wrongdoing? Using primary individual-level voter survey data from the Bihar 2020 state assembly elections, this paper examines whether ethnic voting can explain this surprising voter behavior. Contrary to voter preference theory, I find that voters exhibit a stronger negative response to candidates accused of criminality when they belong to their preferred ethnic party. Voter support for the non-ethnic falls by 89.2% for violent charges. Coethnicity further reduces electoral support by 67% for violent criminals. This pattern holds regardless of the voters’ level of news consumption, political knowledge, education status, and income. These findings suggest that the electoral success of criminal politicians could be attributed to other factors such as a lack of proper institutions or lower state capacity rather than the voters’ underlying ethnic preferences.

The Influence of Family Environment on Juvenile Violent Criminal Behavior: Multi-dimensional Discussion from Parent-child Relationship to Family Education

The Influence of Family Environment on Juvenile Violent Criminal Behavior: Multi-dimensional Discussion from Parent-child Relationship to Family Education

The problem of criminal responsibility for domestic violence in Ukraine

The problem of domestic violence has always been relevant and widespread for Ukrainian society. Numerous cases of domestic violence prompted the legislator to criminalize this act, as evidenced by the amendments to the Criminal Code of Ukraine dated December 6, 2017, and to make legislative changes to a number of regulations on protection against manifestations of domestic violence. The world community rapidly protects human rights, its honor and dignity, gender equality and respect for human freedoms, forming a number of inviolable values in society. The life of Ukrainian citizens changed radically with the beginning of a full-scale war in our country. The article analyzes official statistics, which show that domestic violence in Ukraine during the martial law has not lost its relevance, there is no doubt about the prevalence of this problem in society. We assume that the armed conflict can exacerbate the problem of violence, since aggression, a change in the usual rhythm of life, the need to adapt to new circumstances, a constant threat can be factors that influence the perpetration of domestic violence. This indicates an urgent need to develop effective mechanisms for combating these criminal offenses. We need to change the mental perception of domestic violence in our society. Unfortunately, domestic violence is a criminal offense characterized by high latency. Victims of the specified criminal offenses are often ashamed to report the fact that violence has been committed against them or other persons. Changing the perception of domestic violence by victims and society as a whole is extremely important for overcoming this type of crime. There is no shame in reporting domestic violence, it is not a secret that is intimate in the life of a family or an individual. Failure to report domestic violence is a cover for violent criminals.

Analysis and criminological variables of the etiology of personality and victims of violent criminality in family

Therefore, in the following, we will explain the notions and correlative elements of committing the acts of murder on the husband, wife or a close relative, namely: the deed and the perpetrator (murder, homicide); the specific element of the crime in the family environment (kinship); neologisms used for the scientific expression of the phrase “murder committed against a spouse or a relative”, from which we list: paricidal, filicidal, fratricidal, matricidal, patricidal, mariticidal or uxoricidal. Because in recent years, crimes considered “fashionable” (corruption, smuggling, trafficking in human beings, embezzlement, fraudulent bankruptcy, forgery and use of forgery) have received more attention from university teachers and experts in the field (prosecutors). , judges, lawyers, etc.), we consider that the crimes committed with extreme violence (murders) have not been investigated as intensely as would have been necessary in practice. Therefore, I considered it appropriate to expose scientific controversies and controversies on the crimes of violence and murder, and especially the one committed in the family environment. Regarding the chosen research area - we consider that most of the causes and conditions for crimes committed in the Republic of Moldova can be explained and analyzed in relation to the same category of crimes committed in Romania.

Terrorism at Rise with the Chemicals Insight: Use of Chemical Warfare Agents an Issue of Global Concern

Crime has led to a worldwide increase with a main weapon of offence including not only a physical object but show the incidences of involvement of chemicals also. Chemical warfare agents are one such example commonly employed by large group of people, mainly violent criminals who not only wants to create a terror or threat in the world but to cause war scale destruction. There are numerous of incidents reported from past showing the involvement of hazardous chemicals for committing crimes. Chemical Warfare Agents (CWA) are synthetic chemicals used in the warfare as weapons, which are highly toxic and lethal to the extent that can cause temporary incapacitation, permanent health damage and even death of the targets. Common examples of these agents are nerve agents, vesicants, incapacitating agents, blood agents, and riots control agents. These agents are variedly classified as per the above-mentioned categories depending onto the effects and adverse effects they poses on human health and on society. The rate of crime commission using these hazardous agents is very rapid, thus making it an issue of serious concern to take measures to prevent innocent individuals.

“White Jihad” and “White Sharia”: Jihadism as an Instrument of Intra-Extremist Outbidding among Right-Wing Extremists

ABSTRACT Militant right-wing extremists frequently victimize Islam and Muslims, who are denigrated as violent criminals and terrorists. Muslim immigrants are primary targets of hate crimes committed by right-wing extremists. Surprisingly and counter-intuitively, some right-wing extremists admire jihadists and seek inspiration from jihadism. The extant literature explains it by focusing on the ideological overlapping, fusion, and fluidity between various extremist beliefs. However, such concepts fail to explain why some right-wing extremists endorse jihadi propaganda and violence while others do not. The article introduces the concept of intra-extremist outbidding—borrowing concepts and imageries from diametrically opposed types of extremism and belief systems to outbid competing groups from their own milieu—as a valuable explanation of why some most extreme right-wing groups compete for devoted membership by endorsing jihadi violence and jihadism.

Message or Messenger? Source and Labeling Effects in Authoritarian Response to Protest

Authoritarian regimes in the 21st century have increasingly turned to using information control rather than kinetic force to respond to threats to their rule. This paper studies an often overlooked type of information control: strategic labeling and public statements by regime sources in response to protests. Labeling protesters as violent criminals may increase support for repression by signaling that protests are illegitimate and deviant. Regime sources, compared to more independent sources, could increase support for repression even more when paired with such an accusatory label. Accommodative labels should have opposing effects—decreasing support for repression. The argument is tested with a survey experiment in China which labels environmental protests. Accusatory labels increase support for repression of protests. Regime sources, meanwhile, have no advantage over non-governmental sources in shifting opinion. The findings suggest that negative labels de-legitimize protesters and legitimize repression while the sources matter less in this contentious authoritarian context.

You Are Whatever I Say You Are:

This article analyzes the fluidity of Black identities created, maintained, and destroyed by white plantation holders to maintain white supremacy and economic advantages. It argues that as wealth began to flow from plantations, the identities of enslaved individuals morphed. From heathen, ‘brutish,’ wild peoples needing to be controlled to chattel property able to be manipulated and bred, to rebels and fugitives whose actions justified violence to maintain white dominance and economic status quo. This article seeks to demonstrate how contemporary Black identities within the greater society continue to be influenced by religious and codified identities enacted by white men in power. It asks us to critically engage with how we are implicit in enforcing specific identities onto Black bodies. Through this analysis, the link between wild heathens and violent criminals within societal perceptions can be illustrated.

The international regime of drug control may violate the human right to life and security.

Critics of the international regime of drug control have often pointed to its criminogenic effects, maintaining that drug criminalization gives rise to a profitable illicit drugs market which in turn sustains organized crime networks. Here I will expand upon this critique to argue that the violent crime resulting from the drug criminalization regime may constitute a violation of the human right to life and security. To support this argument, I will discuss the extent to which policy makers and the citizens who empower them may stand morally responsible for unintended but foreseeable consequences of the policies they implement. I will note that a north-south imbalance is at play: while the Global North has been the driving force behind the criminalization regime, the violent criminality entailed by the regime of drug control has impacted the Global South most strongly.

Lucia by Bernard Minier

Reviewed by: Lucia by Bernard Minier Nathalie G. Cornelius Minier, Bernard. Lucia. XO, 2022. ISBN 978-2-37448-406-8. Pp. 480. Like Minier's earlier works, this well-researched procedural thriller opens with a shocking prologue. Lieutenant Lucia Guerrero, a member of l'UCO, the elite unit of the Spanish Guardia Civil, discovers her naked colleague brutally stabbed, and glued to a cross in the hills outside Madrid under a pouring rain. As her name implies, this tough female lead is a powerhouse of energy and determination with a knack for tracking down elusive violent criminals (Lucia derived from "light" and Guerrero means "warrior" in Spanish). This new heroine's grit and rebellious nature is well-suited to the demands of the case despite her clichéd backstory as a crimefighter whose past traumas have pushed her to sacrifice her marriage and custody of her young son for her career. In parallel with Lucia's investigation of her partner's gruesome murder, a group of criminology students guided by professor Salomón Borges of the University of Salamanca discovers that DIMAS, their algorithmic crime-analysis database, has found correlations between a 1989 unsolved double-murder and two more recent cold-cases involving killings of couples in various parts of Spain. All victims were enigmatically posed, their bodies glued into place. Guerrero and Borges join forces in this entertaining, well-paced mystery complete with red herrings, false clues, exciting chase scenes, and atmospherically creepy locations. The readers find themselves transported to Spain, whose geographical contrasts highlight the collision between historic traditions and the country's status in the contemporary European Union. Unfortunately, this conflict between old and modern is not explored in any depth although vivid descriptions of cityscapes and references to famous writers and philosophers through the characters' names provided for that opportunity. The plot is also formulaic, lacking the creativity of some of Minier's earlier novels. Consequently, the murderer's identity is poorly obscured by the thinly developed storyline. Intriguing side-stories are all too brief and initial references to more unusual psychological disorders merited further attention rather than being subsequently ignored in favor of general platitudes on mental illness and childhood trauma. The noteworthy highlight of the novel is the exploration of violence in Ovid's Metamorphoses as the source and signature of the criminal act. The cause of Ovid's exile itself is a secondary mystery on which Minier briefly speculates, and the disturbing themes of the Renaissance and Baroque paintings inspired by Ovid's work are as unsettling as the murders Lucia must solve. Minier has voiced his intent to bring back Lucia Guerrero in the future. If so, perhaps she will return having moved beyond her prototypical characteristics and with a more challenging case to solve. In the meantime, Minier's M, le bord de l'abîme (2019) (FR 94.1) which also features a female detective while exploring the potential of intelligent technology, immerses the reader into Japanese culture and is superior on all levels to Lucia. [End Page 240] Nathalie G. Cornelius Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania Copyright © 2023 American Association of Teachers of French

Multilevel interactions between family and neighbourhood socioeconomic indices in childhood and later risks of self-harm and violent criminality in Denmark: a national cohort study

A socioeconomically disadvantaged childhood has been associated with elevated self-harm and violent criminality risks during adolescence and young adulthood. However, whether these risks are modified by a neighbourhood's socioeconomic profile is unclear. The aim of our study was to compare risks among disadvantaged young people residing in deprived areas versus risks among similarly disadvantaged individuals residing in affluent areas. We did a national cohort study, using Danish interlinked national registers, from which we delineated a longitudinal cohort of people born in Denmark between Jan 1, 1981, and Dec 31, 2001, with two Danish-born parents, who were alive and residing in the country when they were aged 15 years, who were followed up for a hospital-treated self-harm episode or violent crime conviction. A neighbourhood affluence indicator was derived based on nationwide income quartiles, with parental income and educational attainment indicating the socioeconomic position of each cohort member's family. Bayesian multilevel survival analyses were done to examine the moderating influences of neighbourhood affluence on associations between family socioeconomic position and sex-specific risks for the two adverse outcomes. 1 084 047 cohort members were followed up for 12·8 million person-years in aggregate. Individuals of a low socioeconomic position residing in deprived neighbourhoods had a higher incidence of both self-harm and violent criminality compared with equivalently disadvantaged peers residing in affluent areas. Women from a low-income background residing in affluent areas had, on average, 95 (highest density interval 76-118) fewer self-harm episodes and 25 (15-41) fewer violent crime convictions per 10 000 person-years compared with women of an equally low income residing in deprived areas, whereas men of a low income residing in affluent areas had 61 (39-81) fewer self-harm episodes and 88 (56-191) fewer violent crime convictions per 10 000 person-years than men of a low income residing in deprived areas. Even in a high-income European country with comprehensive social welfare and low levels of poverty and inequality, individuals residing in affluent neighbourhoods have lower risks of self-harm and violent criminality compared with individuals residing in deprived neighbourhoods. More research is needed to explore the potential of neighbourhood policies and interventions to reduce the harmful effects of growing up in socioeconomically deprived circumstances on later risk of self-harm and violent crime convictions. European Research Council, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, and BERTHA, the Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation Challenge Programme.

Associations between antipsychotics and risk of violent crimes and suicidal behaviour in personality disorder

BackgroundDespite uncertain benefits, people with personality disorder are commonly treated with antipsychotic medication.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between antipsychotics and violent crimes and suicidal behaviour in individuals with personality disorder.MethodsWe used...

2020 Measures to Address Violence and Unrest in a Time of COVID-19

COVID-19 had a severe impact on the lives of South Africans. Despite lockdown measures, unrest and violence continued unabated. The South African Police Services’ crime statistics reveal that, in some instances, less violent crimes were committed. Inquiries into taxi, police, and defence force violence during lockdown were also conducted. The Khosa v Minister of Defence case is dealt with in more detail in this regard. Violent protests continued despite lockdown measures. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s assistance to victims of apartheid in relation to basic and higher education was increased. The Department of Correctional Services had to reassess its parole system to ensure that violent criminals released on parole do not commit additional crimes. Despite this, numerous prisoners were released to lessen the pressure on prisons in a time of COVID-19. The Constitutional Court also addressed the Judicial Inspectorate’s lack of resources to conduct its work properly. The establishment of a National Security Council and its functions is addressed. The Firearms Control Regulations’ amendments include provisions on the training and retraining of employees of official institutions in the handling of firearms. The note also discusses several cases in relation to the use of firearms. The provisions of the Victim Support Services Bill of 2019 published in 2020 are also investigated. The note also refers to lists of entities that the United Nationals Security Council identified in terms of the Protection of Constitutional Democracy against Terrorist and Related Activities Act. The note concludes that unrest and violence (institutionalised or not) still underpin the South African society. The COVID-19 lockdown revealed more of these transgressions and limitations within the systems of the police, defence force, and correctional services. This note focuses on the most important 2020 measures and is a continuation of the annual reporting in this regard.

Violent behavior and the COVID-19 lockdowns: a nationwide register-based study.

The primary aim was to test the hypothesis that physical interpersonal violence is decreased during the lockdown period in comparison with comparable control periods. The secondary aims were to explore the effects of gender and alcohol consumption on the violence during the lockdown. Nationwide records of hospitalizations secondary to an assault were analyzed using quasipoisson regression. Assault rates in two lockdown periods, defined as a national emergency state, were compared to baseline data between 2017 and 2020, controlling for seasonal fluctuations and pandemic-related effects other than lockdown. To validate the findings on independent data, differences between lockdown and baseline in Police records of violent criminality between 2017 and 2021 were examined using one-way ANOVA. The rates of hospitalizations secondary to an assault decreased substantially during lockdowns (IRR=.43; P<.001) and the duration of lockdown did not affect assault rates (P=.07). The decrease in assault rates was more pronounced in males than females (IRR=.77; P<.05) and was weakened in patients with history of alcohol abuse (IRR=1.83; P<.001). Violent crime rate decreased by 19% during the lockdowns compared to prepandemic baseline (P<.001). We found that physical interpersonal violence decreased during the COVID-19 lockdown periods. The reduction is significantly greater in males. Emerging evidence suggests an increased risk of alcohol use and intoxication during the lockdowns. Violent crime rate decreased during the lockdown.

Features of violent crime in places of deprivation of liberty

This article analyzes the problems of violent crime in places of deprivation of liberty. The author investigates the features of its content characteristics. The relevance of the topic is due to the prevalence of psychological phenomena in penitentiary practice, manifested in conditions of concentrated isolation of criminally deformed persons. The paper touches upon the issues of criminal subculture, which has special patterns of manifestation in correctional institutions. At the same time, a common distinguishing feature of the tacit impact of crime is the violent nature of maintaining authority among the prison population. It is noted that deprivation of liberty in itself also has the potential of a negative impact on the conflict of the penitentiary environment caused by derivational psychological processes. The author confirms the hypothesis that in places of deprivation of liberty, the personality characteristics of violent criminals are formed due to past criminal experiences.

Understanding Violent Extremism and Criminality Nexuses In Tanzania

Understanding Violent Extremism and Criminality Nexuses In Tanzania