Violence Tendency Research Articles

Psychosocial Factors Predicting School Violence Tendencies Among Students of Tertiary Institutions in Ibadan

In recent times, researchers and laymen have observed high incidence of violence in higher institutions of learning worldwide, particularly in Nigeria. This study therefore examined the influence of psychosocial factors on school violence behaviour among students in tertiary institutions in Ibadan. Two hundred volunteered students from their various departments comprising of 80 males and 120 females of both the Polytechnic Ibadan and the University of Ibadan, with a mean age of 23 years participated in the study. The study adopted an ex post facto design. A questionnaire comprising of demographics, social competence scale, Self-efficacy scale and Gough Socialization scale was used to collect data. Data collected was subjected to multiple and stepwise regression analyses, one-way ANOVA and t-test for independent sample to test the hypotheses as stated in the study. Results indicated that all the Psychological variables (Self efficacy, social competence and Socialization) showed significant joint prediction of school violence tendency among students of tertiary institution in 50% of the cases. Age groups, religion as well as sex were also found to have significant influence on school violence tendency among students of tertiary institution respectively (F 197, 2 = 48.12, p 197, 2 = 54.9, p It was therefore concluded that age group, religion, sex as well as self-efficacy and social competence constitute very important factors to be considered in designing youth violence prevention/management strategies. It was recommended that religious leaders as well as psychology experts should not be left out of the quest to prevent or manage school violence in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. African Journal for the Psychological Study of Social Issues Vol.7(2) 2004: 220-236

Identification of the psychopathic batterer: The clinical, legal, and policy implications

A number of theoretical and empirical sources have proposed that a subgroup of domestically violent men exhibit more antisocial behavior, express more generalized violence, and are generally more resistant to mental health intervention than others. In a parallel literature, researchers have identified a subgroup of violent criminal offenders (i.e., psychopaths) that exhibit a number of similar characteristics to this more antisocial/generally violent group of batterers. Moreover, the offender literature on psychopathy describes the violence tendencies, physiological responses, cognitive impairments, interpersonal/affective characteristics, and treatment responsiveness of these individuals in much greater depth and breadth than the current domestic violence literature. The present article seeks to compare and contrast these two literatures, proposing that there is a subgroup of batterers that can be characterized as exhibiting significant psychopathic characteristics. The clinical, legal, and policy implications of identifying a subgroup of batterers in this manner also are explored.

Educational Methods in Teaching About Violence

Summary Violence and violent injury are recognized as major public health probleins in America. Family physicians are in a primary position to detect and recognize violence and violent tendencies, and so to effect change in the morbidity, mortality, and risks of violence in the society (e.g., Stringham, 1994). The challenge of teaching about violence and reducing violence in our society is formidable. Teachers and learners alike may have concerns about the role of physicians in addressing broad social issues. Teachers may have little experience or knowledge of violence issues, or of techniques effective in teaching knowledge, skills and attitudes to promote effective physician development around violence. Medical educators can practice and develop skills to enable them to train knowledgeable and effective physicians, able to detect, recognize, and evaluate situations in which violent injury is likely or has already occurred, and to effectively refer patients and families for appropriate evaluation and treatment, and to prevent violence. In this article, brainstorming and role playing exercises are outlined that can serve as components of a curriculum or initial discussion about violence. A focus statement related to violence is presented as the stimulus for the brainstorming exercise. The role play centers around roles of violence victims and physicians' interactions with them. With monitored exercises, knowledge, skills and attitudes can be transmitted and fostered to enable physicians to address violence in their practices. Expanded activities can incorporate public health aspects and preventive components to the violence discussion or curriculum.

They shoot prime ministers too, don't they? Religious violence in Israel: Premises, dynamics, and prospects

The assassination of Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin struck Israelis with shock and horror. The realization that their leader has been gunned down in the heart of Tel Aviv by a Jewish zealot was overwhelming. The vexing question, “How could such an atrocity occur in the seeming bastion of democracy in the Middle East?” left Israelis bewildered and disillusioned. This paper attempts to answer this question by indicating the conditions and circumstances that enabled the assassination. It presents a counterculture of messianism at the core of religious Zionism, which has matured into a formidable force waiting to erupt. Drawing on insights from studies of political violence in general and religiously motivated violence in particular, the paper concludes that a violence tendency tandem (VTT) fosters and encourages religious violence in Israel, from the vigilante activities of the settlers’ Gush Emunim to the assassination of Rabin.

Urinary free cortisol secretion in habitually violent offenders.

Male violent offenders (n = 90) and residivious arsonists (n = 10) were investigated by urinary (24 h) free cortisol measurements at mental examination on a psychiatric department. The measurements were made with competitive protein-binding radioassay. Only among the habitually violent offenders with antisocial personality were the values low when compared with other violent offenders, antisocial personality without the habitually violent tendency, and male clinic personnel. Poor motivation already in school, truancy, attention deficit and undersocialized aggressive conduct disorder problems seemed to be connected with the low cortisol levels.

Serum cholesterol levels in homicidal offenders. A low cholesterol level is connected with a habitually violent tendency under the influence of alcohol.

Serum cholesterol fasting concentrations were measured in 280 male homicidal offenders. Those with an antisocial personality or an intermittent explosive disorder with a habitually violent tendency in both when under the influence of alcohol showed a lower mean level of serum cholesterol than did other offenders. The results were also compatible with the hypotheses that antisocial personality consists of two groups. The exact reason for the finding is not clear but it could be connected with an enhanced insulin secretion.

圧延加工せるAl単結晶板の二次再結晶について（第2報）

The author has already reported that a coarsening phenomenon was observed, when 75% rolled Al single crystals were heated up to 550°. So, in this 2nd report the author investigated the region of orientation and cold reduction in which the coarsening phenomenon was observed and then measured the change of physical properties due to the coarsening phenomenon. The investigation was carried out with Al single crystal of 99.994% purity, and the following results were obtained: (1) By increasing the cold reduction, the region of orientation where the coarsening phenomenon is observed, spreads toward (100) direction from (111) and (111)-(110) directions in a unit stereographic triangle, and becomes the greatest at 75∼80% reduction. In this region the (111) specimen has the most violent tendency of coarsening. But the coarsening phenomenon was not observed following a cold reduction under 50% or above 95%. (2) By measuring the electric resistance, the specific heat, the hardness and by X-ray, analysis there were recognized differences between (111) and (100) or (110) specimens, that is, (111) specimen sustains severer lattice distotrion rather than specimens oriented otherwise in rolling, and its hardness is the highest. In consequence, when annealed, the (111) specimen recrystalizes earlier than the others, and after recrystallization it maintains the strong preferred orientation.