Violence In People Research Articles

A prospective study of violence by psychiatric patients after hospital discharge.

The study assessed the frequency of violence by patients two weeks after discharge from a psychiatric hospital and identified characteristics of patients with an increased risk of violence after discharge. A structured form was used to interview patients aged 18 to 59 years in a private university psychiatric hospital. Patients provided self-reports of past violence, and violence while in the hospital was assessed by routine nurse ratings. Patients were telephoned two weeks after discharge to assess violence since discharge. Sixteen of 430 patients who were interviewed by telephone two weeks after discharge reported violence against persons since their discharge. Patients who were violent in the month before admission were nine times more likely to be violent in the two weeks after discharge, compared with patients who were not violent just before admission. Patients with a personality disorder were four times more likely than patients without a personality disorder to be violent after discharge. The targets of violence were often family members or other intimates and often the same persons attacked before hospitalization. Patients who were violent just before admission were more likely to be violent after discharge and to attack the same persons they had attacked in the past. Clinicians should routinely evaluate past violence and work with the patient and potential targets of violence to prevent future violence.

Swaardmag en lyding - oor die reformatoriese perspektief op staatsgeweld

The power of the sword and suffering: on the Reformational view of state violence. The nature of violence demands, as a general norm, a basic objection to violence. Special circumstances may, however, allow for the legitimation of violence. This position is abolished in the legitimist view of violence which justifies, per definition, the violence of people in positions of authority. The metaphysics grounding such a move implies, inter alia, Platonic ontologised ideas or realism which gives a timeless, supernatural, unchangeable position to the power of the sword. Although the Reformational position seems to be legitimistic in nature, this tradition does not use a Platonic realism and therefore does not elevate state violence to a timeless structural moment of the state. It is also argued that state violence should get an underemphasized position within the structure for the state: although the power of the sword is given to the state for functional reasons, it does not mean the state can not, and indeed should dispose of the power of the sword if circumstances permit. Lastly, it is also argued that the apparent tension between the basic objection to violence and legitimized violence can only be resolved in some higher ideal like the biblical concept of redemption as restoration.

Inhaled Plastic Cap

<h3>Introduction</h3> Self-directed and interpersonal violence among people with severe mental illness has become a health priority. Though non-pharmacological interventions have been investigated, to our knowledge, no summary of all systematic reviews on this topic has been reported. We will conduct a rapid overview of reviews to synthesise evidence available by identifying systematic reviews on non-pharmacological interventions for self-directed or interpersonal violence in people with severe mental illness. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> This is a protocol for a rapid overview of reviews. The overview will include any systematic reviews (with or without meta-analyses) of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or cluster RCTs that examine the effect of non-pharmacological interventions on self-directed or interpersonal violence in people with severe mental illness. This protocol applies the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Protocols, the criteria for conducting overviews of reviews in the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions and the criteria for the Cochrane Rapid Reviews. To identify studies, a search will be performed in the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, LILACS, SciELO, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews through the Cochrane Library and the Epistemonikos database of systematic reviews. The searches date from inception to September 2020. The study selection process will be described using a PRISMA flow diagram, we will assess the quality of evidence in systematic reviews included and the quality of the systematic reviews themselves and the main results will be summarised in categories to provide a map of the evidence available. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> No patients or other participants will be involved in this study. The results will be presented at mental health conferences and for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. <h3>Registration details</h3> The protocol was registered on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/myzd9/).