Male Violence Research Articles

Wokół "Domu kobiet" Zofii Nałkowskiej

The article is devoted to the play The House of Women, written by Zofia Nałkowska in 1930. I focus on the previous interpretations of the text, in which researchers asked questions about human relations, the possibility of knowing other people and women’s identity, but also about fate and destiny. Moreover, they referred to the biographical context and undertook comparative analyses regarding the dramaturgy and poetics of the text. I further describe Krzysztof Nielewicz – the deceased husband of one of the protagonists – as a figure of male violence against women.

Fearful or fearless? The impact of fear on feminist activism

ABSTRACT Fear is an emotion we generally try to avoid. It is associated with reflexes such as immobility, flight or, in the case of activism, demobilization. This article partially questions this received wisdom based on empirical research with feminists in Quebec (Canada) and Romandie (Switzerland). This article suggests that fear can also sometimes be a ‘drive to action’ for feminists and, at other times, rein in their activism. It first examines the varying effects of fear on feminist activism and links these to the different positioning of feminists within social relations of race, class and sexuality. Second, it suggests that the origin of the fear, its interactions with other emotions, and the emotional work performed by interviewees were other key factors shaping the impact of fear on their activism. In other words, we will discuss four main emotional sequences which take different directions depending on whether the fear stems from police violence, male violence, fear for one’s reputation or fear of exclusion. We will also look at the effects they give rise to: protective mechanisms, censorship, deepening knowledge and partial withdrawal from majority feminist circles. The article further addresses the fear of male violence which pushes many to become involved in the feminist movement. Combined with anger and emotional work to reduce its intensity, fear acts as a true driving force for action. Additionally, the article shows that factors which impede feminist activism are mostly related to a minority position in the movement and repeated anti-feminist threats.

The Validity of the ODARA in Australian Intimate Partner Violence Cases Without Prior Assault/Credible Threat or Cohabitation

This study investigated whether the Ontario Domestic Assault Risk Assessment (ODARA) is effective in the assessment of risk in male intimate partner violence (IPV) cases that do not meet the inclusion criteria used in the ODARA’s development sample (presence of prior assault or threat by perpetrator and previous cohabitation with the victim). Australian police scored the ODARA in 275 IPV cases without one or both of these characteristics, with results contrasted to performance in 200 cases meeting both inclusion criteria. The ODARA demonstrated poor discriminant effect over time for both assault and abuse recurrence in the former group (concordance index [c-index] = 0.56 and c-index = 0.57, respectively), but performed well in the latter group (c-index = 0.69 and c-index = 0.69). Although subject to some significant methodological limitations and requiring replication, these findings suggest the ODARA may not provide accurate risk-based classification if applied to cases missing the inclusion criteria.

Masculinities and Public Policies in Latin America

Examples of public policies in four domains are presented that are useful in understanding policies around masculinity in Latin America: a) childrearing and childcare; b) the field of men’s health; c) addressing and preventing male violence; and d) sexual diversity. The purpose of this is to illustrate the current state of policies around masculinity in the region. Progress has been made in terms of such policies and programs, although this is still an emerging field with much work remaining toward achieving gender equality.

Decolonizing inclusion in performing academia: Trans‐inclusion as phronetic border thinking/doing praxis

AbstractIn this paper, inspired by Gloria Anzaldúa, we draw upon our embodied experiences as non‐white scholars from different parts of the South to examine our complicity and responsibility for inclusion in performing a Western, neoliberal, diversity‐oriented, globalizing academia such as the United States' Academy of Management. We refer to the dominating practice of inclusion as universalist inclusion (uni‐inclusion), where a hegemonic includer includes diverse subaltern others while blind to colonial differences. We argue that uni‐inclusion has a dark shadow that perpetuates a “you are with us or against us” sentiment of white male superiority and violence, even as it elides the deep connectedness of epistemic, bodily, and material practices in the praxis of performing academia. Drawing upon our embodied and enacted experiences of tenures at Academy of Management as borderland scholars with relational reflexivity, we propose phronetic border thinking/doing praxis for trans‐inclusion as a non‐essentialist possibility of decolonizing inclusion. We share our understanding of how we have enacted border thinking/doing praxis so that it may provide pointers to pluriversalizing academia. Trans‐inclusion is a neologism we suggest to indicate a liberating praxis for all in an era of decolonization and empire where diverse includers beyond self/other dehumanizing binarism engage within an ethics of caring and co‐existence.

Cause of death: femicide

ABSTRACT Labelled ‘the shadow pandemic’ by UN Women, violence against women received considerable global public attention during 2020–21. Underpinning this moment of public concern, there lies a substantial history of efforts to document the nature of, and campaign against, the extent of violence against women globally. This is also the case in relation to femicide. Whilst we recognise that this is a contested term, for the purposes of this paper we use femicide to refer to the killing of women and girls because they are female by male violence. Femicide, as a death to be specifically counted in law only exists in a small number of jurisdictions. Where it is so recognised, primarily in South American countries as feminicidio, such deaths represent only the tip of the iceberg of such killings globally. This paper, in drawing on empirical data from a range of different sources (including administrative data, media analysis, and Femicide Observatory data) gathered throughout 2020, considers: what it means to call a death femicide, what implications might follow if all the deaths of women at the hands of men were counted as femicide, and the extent to which extraordinary times have any bearing on this kind of ordinary death.

Supplemental Material for Traditional Masculinity and Male Violence Against Women: A Meta-Analytic Examination

Supplemental Material for Traditional Masculinity and Male Violence Against Women: A Meta-Analytic Examination

Ending the Stigma of Male Domestic Violence Victims: Judgement Measures & Interviews

Ending the Stigma of Male Domestic Violence Victims: Judgement Measures & Interviews

Narrating Marginality: Gender Crisis in Shashi Deshpande’s The Dark Holds No Terror

Feminine sensibilities and gender issues are based on different cultures and diasporic essence. The desire and aspirations of women of different countries are not similar. Their demands are influenced by a number of variables, including familial, societal/racial, marital, economic, cultural, and personal ones. It is considered incorrect to compare Indian feminism to western feminism, which is characterised by radical rules, in such a varied culture. In its early stages, Indian feminism was wholly liberal and addressed every facet of mankind. There hasn't been a significant political or social uprising in India against the male-dominated culture. In beginning, they seek to address the inequality and dissimilarity that existed between males and females. They desired to bridge the gaps between men and women through their social revolt and provide the psychological reason for the male violence against women. Some feminist intellectuals extended the gender issues focusing the intention on rape and other forms of sexual violence. To them, such gender issues of exploitation are because of the male dominant society. They agree with Liberal feminists that material change and patriarchy is the sole reason for women's discrimination. They argue against the existing tradition of love, marriage, and gender inequality and demand equal social rights. The women writers like Shashi Deshpande have used fiction to explore and share their experiences. The myriad conflicts, which they face in everyday lives, are woven into the fictional world of their creation. To Shashi Deshpande, traditional beliefs also play a major role in female discrimination.

The Portrayal of Violence against Women in Pakistani Urdu Newspapers

The study aims to highlight the violence against women depicted by Pakistani Urdu Newspapers. According to a recent study, the print media described women as weak, conquered, and deeply drowned in patriarchy. However, violence against women can take many forms, including domestic violence, rape, and honor killings. The study is qualitative in nature and the type of data is primary. The samples contain articles about violence against women from two different Pakistani Urdu Newspapers. Sample contains a total of four articles showing how the newspapers tend to portray violence against women. News that highlight the plight of violence against women comes from two different Urdu Newspapers i.e. Daily Jang and Express. The sampling procedure performed in this study is critical case sample and the study design is cross-cutting. The research tool used in the current study is Lazar feminist critical discourse analysis model (FCDA) (2014). The data is analyzed at various levels. First, it is translated into English using Nida’s Theory of Translation. Then, it is analyzed using Lazar FCDA at the vocabulary, syntax, and paralanguage levels, Lazars model (2014) is applied to effectively assess how the print media portrays violence against women. The results reveal that the Pakistani Urdu Newspapers are very tabloid, trying to portray women as weak, oppressed, oppressed, immobile, and vulnerable to violence. Women are more vulnerable to male violence because of the patriarchal structure embedded in our society.

"I Eat Boys": Monstruos Feminity in Jennifer's Body

The marketing strategy behind Jennifer’s Body capitalized on Megan Fox’s emerging status as a sex symbol. As a result of this, many reviewers criticised it for not fulfilling their male fantasies. Ten years after its release, Jennifer’s Body is now interpreted as a feminist story. This essay explores the limits and contradictions of these readings through an analysis of the depiction of female monstrosity in the film. It starts with the establishment of a theoretical framework on the representation of female monsters in horror cinema and of the monstrous teenage girl. The analysis will be structured in three parts. The first examines the use of irony and self-consciousness in the satanic ritual scene in relation to the film’s portrayal of male violence. The second part reads Jennifer’s monstrosity as a result of her neoliberal, over-sexualised femininity. The last section explores the relationship between Jennifer and her friend Needy, which makes both of them monstrous in their own distinctive manners. This essay posits Jennifer’s Body and its representation of the monstrous feminine as both a feminist denunciation of a patriarchal system and a perpetuation of the same clichés the film wants to subvert.

What Underlies the Opposition to Trans-Inclusive Policies? The Role of Concerns About Male Violence Versus Attitudes Toward Trans People.

Transgender women's access to women-only spaces is controversial. Arguments against trans-inclusive policies often focus on cisgender women's safety from male violence, despite little evidence to suggest that such policies put cisgender women at risk. Across seven studies using U.S. and U.K. participants (N = 3,864), we investigate whether concerns about male violence versus attitudes toward trans people are a better predictor of support for trans-inclusive policies and whether these factors align with the reasons given by opponents and supporters regarding their policy views. We find that opponents of these policies do not accurately report their reasons for opposition: Specifically, while opponents claim that concerns about male violence are the primary reason driving their opposition, attitudes toward transgender people more strongly predicted policy views. These results highlight the limitations of focusing on overt discourse and emphasize the importance of investigating psychological mechanisms underlying policy support.

ADDRESSING GENDER CONFLICT AND SEXISM IN SUDHA MURTHY’S NOVELS

Literature is the reflection of society. The purpose of literature is not only to entertain or aesthetic, but it also presents everyday social, political, and cultural issues. Many Indian Women Novelist like Arundhati Roy, Geeta Hariharan, Anita Nair, and Manju Kapoor explores women’s problems and the female subjectivity of patriarchal society through their books. Sudha Murthy is a contemporary writer who tries to bring social reformation and gender equality in her works. She is portraying the image o,f innocent women that lose their identity due to gender discrimination in society. The Present paper explores how gender conflicts are part of Sudha Murthy's works. The study examines how her female characters reject male domination, domestic violence, injustice, oppression, and traditional norms constructed by the patriarchal system. Further, the study will analyze how her female characters' rebellious nature helps them to fight for their existence and self-identity.

Victim–Survivor–Warrior–Healer: An autoethnographic account of a male childhood sexual violence survivor’s activist journey

It has been argued that stories inform our perceptions of reality and social change is driven by stories (Sarbin, 1986; Bochner, 2012; Frank, 2011/2013). Sexual violence is a complex cultural challenge for societies (Rape Crisis, 2020). Individual survivor identity is formed in that complexity and personal posttraumatic growth (PTG) can be forged in such challenges (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 2004). Activism is one way the survivor can help forge social change both for themselves and the ‘community of interest’ they belong to (Raskovic, 2020; Herman, 1992). This article uses autoethnography to explore one male survivor’s story of childhood sexual violence and his 22-year journey of activism. It adopts a novel approach weaving metaphors taken from episodes of the long-running British television series Doctor Who. It attempts to link social action to PTG in its reflections on meaning and redemption beyond shame via activism and lived experience witnessing (Bruner, 2002). The power of lived experience can powerfully bring the ‘unspeakable’ to society’s conscious awareness (Herman, 1992; Balfour, 2013). By sharing the raw reality of victim blaming when challenging the status quo. The reality of political and professional agents’ resistance to change is evidenced. It uses psychological and other theories, aiming to weave them through the story and illuminate one activist’s journey. Its limitation is its just one story, However, within that lies an authentic strength. It does not claim to be objective. Instead, it knits both the subjective and objective together to allow you to experience something as old as humans, a real story told in a new form (Gottschall, 2012).

Social Dance in Support Groups for Female Victims of Male Violence against Women

Lately, the artistic world and the social world are more strongly linked. This article presents social dance being used as an instrument, a bridge and/or tool for groups of vulnerable people exhibiting the social characteristics of risk and/or exclusion. In social dance groups, dance is oriented towards different purposes; among one of which is therapeutic. In this paper, a sample obtained between 2010 and 2021 from support groups for female victims of male violence against women using dance therapy (DMT) is analysed. From this investigation, we observe the participants’ evolution and the benefits gained through employing dance and movement as a support for reorganizing and restructuring situations, joining the trichotomy of thoughts, feelings, and acts so these women are empowered to make vital decisions that will positively affect their recovery. The results show that one of the keys for this recovery is the connection between movement and emotion.

Bystanders’ Behavioral Responses to Intimate Partner Violence: The Role of Gender, Culture, and Education

ABSTRACT Neighbors have a proximate position for detecting in-home emergencies and providing critical assistance. This cross-sectional study tested neighbors’ helping behaviors during intimate partner violence emergencies in a sample of 384 Israeli adults. The aim was to identify potential differences in bystander response depending on the identified victim’s gender and the bystander’s gender and sociocultural group affiliation (i.e., liberal egalitarian or conservative traditional). Four hypothetical scenarios were presented to participants in which either a male or female was the identified victim; the IPV was mutual (i.e., both the male and the female parties were victims); or the victim’s gender was unknown to participants. The highest levels of behavioral responses emerged for the case with a female victim of IPV, and the lowest occurred for the case in which only a male experienced violence. Males preferred personal intervention, whereas females preferred calling welfare services or the police. Conservative traditional individuals preferred calling a religious authority significantly more than liberal egalitarian participants. Results highlight the importance of providing professional interventions, enhancing public awareness, and acknowledging specific cultural beliefs and traditions to sensitively address IPV.

From Misogynist Incels to “One of the Shooters”: What Can Help College Sexual Violence Prevention Confront Male Supremacism?

Male supremacist ideologies pose multiple threats to college sexual violence prevention efforts. Misogynist incels, among other male supremacists, are often unacknowledged in sexual violence prevention, yet may be influencing college students. This study applies antifascist principles to confront male supremacist influences in higher education. We conducted 17 semistructured interviews with college sexual violence prevention professionals that prompted their response to a scenario with implicit warning signs of misogynist incel influences. Responses to the scenario and subsequent follow-up questions were used to assess participants’ understanding of threats posed by male supremacism and ideas for resources to combat these threats, analyzed through consensual coding and thematic analysis. Only some participants recognized misogynist incel warning signs. Participants lacked professional pathways for learning about male supremacism and needed ways to learn about male supremacism that protect their safety and wellness. Participants wanted sources that critically analyze male supremacist influences, tools for stopping male supremacist violence, and to mobilize professional networks. The findings inform key considerations for designing resources to combat male supremacist influences in higher education.

Toxic Masculinity and Patriarchy: Barriers to Connecting Biopsychosocial Risk for Male Violence to Policy and Practice

Effective policies and programs for addressing and reducing male violence including intimate partner violence must be informed by an in-depth understanding of biopsychosocial theory. This understanding needs to proceed from the substantial empirical research in the early life development of boys, taking into account the unique vulnerabilities of males and considering the complex inter-mixing of biological, psychological, and sociological factors. Simplistic explanations encoded in the constructs “patriarchy” and “toxic masculinity” have been facilely accepted to explain male violence without rigorous efforts to confirm their validity. The public perception and the policy framing of violence and violent crime maybe influenced by these sorts of constructs. When believed to be either a matter of macro-sociocultural influences or ideologically or ethically aberrant choice, violent behavior is the behavior of men who then deserve only punishment or re-education. Biopsychosocial theory appears to have been broadly resisted or even intentionally misconstrued, with reference to misconceptions about the etiology of violence, the emphasis on punishment over treatment, an ideological reluctance to address empirically established differences between the two sexes, and notably, in policies and programs that address domestic violence perpetration. Several aspects of male development are highlighted which are seldom identified in the underlying biological, psychological, and sociological vulnerabilities of males with regard to violence perpetration. These susceptibilities lie at the base of male violence and must be better understood to effectively address the issue and to design effective interventions.

Typology of Victimization against Women on Adolescent Girls in Three Contexts: Dating Offline, Dating Online, and Sexual Harassment Online.

Defining the typologies of adolescent girls in relation to different types of victimization against women could be very useful for prevention. Almost all the typologies previously elaborated on this topic define the typologies from situations of dating victimization. This study used cluster analysis to establish for the first time a typology of adolescent girl victimization against women that included dating violence offline, dating violence online, and sexual harassment online outside a relationship by means of a comparative analysis of behavior between those who had suffered this violence and the population at large. The participants were 3.532 Spanish teenage girls aged 14–18 with experience of relationships with boys. Three discrete, identifiable types were obtained: the first group (63.8%), non-victim girls; the second group (29.4%), victims of sexual harassment online outside a relationship but with a low incidence of dating victimization; the third group (6.8%), victims in the three contexts. The logistic regression analysis showed that risky sexual behavior online was the main risk condition for inclusion in the second and third groups (compared to the non-victim group), followed by low self-esteem (for the second group) and age (for both groups). Other variables that also contributed to predicting membership victim groups were health complaints, feminine gender role stress, justification of male dominance and violence, visiting risky websites, and problematic internet use. These results show the importance of including the prevention of such problems in order to eradicate violence against women in adolescence who have grown up with digital technologies.

Confined, Controlled, and Violated: The Rohingya Women in Bangladesh Refugee Camps

Encampment of the Rohingyas in the camps in Bangladesh has reinforced the continuum of male dominance and violence carried out on women’s bodies. This article employs Judith Butler’s concepts of precarious life and frames of recognition to analyse three layers of violence against Rohingya refugee women: the violence carried out by the humanitarian regime, by Rohingya men as spaces to express their anger and frustrations, and by local Bangladeshi men as sites to demonstrate their superiority over the Rohingya intruders into the national space. The article draws on secondary literature on Rohingya refugees’ lived experiences in camps and semi-structured interviews conducted with humanitarian service providers.