Violence In Indonesia Research Articles

THE COMPARATIVE LAW ON THE CRIME OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE BETWEEN INDONESIA AND THE UNITED KINGDOM

The sexual violence is often experienced by women although it does not rule out the possibility that men can also experience sexual harassment. Each country has different regulations from one another regarding the definition, regulation and punishment of the Crime of Sexual Violence, as well as Indonesia and the United Kingdom. The type of research used is normative legal research or juridical normative, namely legal research based on examining library materials or secondary data materials which include research on legal norms. The purpose of this research is to analyze the legal regulation of criminal acts of sexual violence in Indonesia and legal comparison of criminal acts of sexual violence between Indonesia and the UK. So far, cases of sexual violence that mostly occur against women and children, including boys, are often just drowned and difficult to reveal. When they enter the legal process, it is not necessarily going to provide justice to victims. There are things done in the UK that Indonesia can emulate. For example, the Reynhard case came to light because at the University of Manchester there is a telephone complaint service, which offers support for victims of sexual violence or for those affected.

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KEKERASAN SEKSUAL PADA ANAK DIKOTA PALEMBANG MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 35 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG PERUBAHAN ATAS UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 23 TAHUN 2002 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN ANAK

Abstract
 Sexual violence is a legal issue that is very important to study because in this case it involves the human rights of victims which result in traumatic psychological and physical trauma. The phenomenon of sexual violence against children in Indonesia has a problem. Sexual violence in Indonesia continues to increase significantly. However, many victims of sexual violence against children do not have the courage to report to the obligatory parties or child protection agencies about criminal acts of sexual violence. The above is what motivated the writer to be interested in writing this thesis and research. This research aims to find out how far the application and protection of the law against sexual violence against children in the city of Palembang Law No. 35 of 2014 concerning amendments to Law No. 23 of 2002 About Child Protection. In this study the authors used qualitative research. The research method used is an empirical juridical research method with data collection techniques through library research and field studies, namely conducting direct interviews with related parties. From the results of this study it will be known how the implementation of "Legal protection against sexual violence against children in the city of Palembang according to Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning amendments to Law No. 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection. And also explain the causes of the occurrence of criminal acts of sexual violence against children.
 Keywords: Legal Protection, Sexual Violence in Children, Social Symptoms

Implementation of Students' Character to Have an Attitude as Anti-Sexual Violence Intellectuals Through a Healthy Campus

To address the increasing cases of sexual violence in Indonesia and globally, there is a need to develop comprehensive strategies and initiatives. One approach is to enhance character development within the university environment, specifically through the implementation of a robust Healthy Campus Program. This program aims to instill national character values, focusing on education and higher education settings. The research employs qualitative methods, utilizing both secondary and primary sources, to shed light on the gravity of the issue and potential solutions. This holistic approach addresses not only the intellectual but also the spiritual aspects of individuals, emphasizing the importance of moral values and ethical conduct. It is through education that the foundation for preventing sexual violence can be laid. In addition to formal education, a Healthy Campus Program necessitates active involvement from the entire academic community. This collaborative effort is underscored by the guidelines outlined in Permendikbudristek No. 30 of 2021 concerning Crimes of Sexual Violence. The responsibility to foster a secure environment extends to all stakeholders within the university setting. By integrating character development initiatives and implementing a Healthy Campus Program, universities can contribute significantly to the prevention of sexual violence. This multifaceted approach aims not only to raise awareness but also to cultivate a culture of respect, empathy, and accountability. Through these collective efforts, it is envisioned that the number of sexual violence cases will decrease, creating a safer and more nurturing environment within and beyond university campuses.

Me Too as Transnational Advocacy Networks: The Case of Anti-Sexual Violence Movement in Indonesia

The research discusses the anti-sexual movement in Indonesia as a part of the global movement of Me Too and transnational advocacy networks. It aims to answer how the transnational advocacy movement explains the movement against sexual violence in Indonesia. The argument of the research is offered in three parts. First, it argues that the anti-sexual violence movement in Indonesia is a part of transnational advocacy networks. The analysis is provided by explaining the process of boomerang patterns, political entrepreneurs, and international contacts. Second, as part of a transnational advocacy network, the anti-sexual violence movement in Indonesia uses four tactics: information politics, symbolic politics, leverage politics, and accountability politics. The research argues that the anti-sexual violence movement uses all four of the tactics to achieve its goals. Lastly, the third part of the argument discusses the five stages of transnational advocacy networks that the movement has achieved with regard to their goals, and the research argues that it has reached all the stages except for the last one, which is influenced by state behavior.

Protection of Women Victims of Sexual Violence in Indonesia in Perspectives of the 1945 Constitution After the Amendment

Background: After the 1998 reform, the amendments to the 1945 Constitution which were carried out, have brought about changes in the Indonesian state administration, the recognition, respect and protection of Human Rights (HAM) has become an important change clause in the NRI constitution. Several legal instruments related to protecting women from sexual violence, the latest legal product being Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning Criminal Acts of Sexual Violence, demonstrate this commitment. Objective: The aim of this research is to analyze legal norms in various court decisions regarding the protection of women victims of sexual violence in Indonesia. Next, to look for a comprehensive concept of protection for women victims of sexual violence in national legal policies in Indonesia. Theoretical framework: This article will discuss and analyze the changes brought about by the 1945 Constitution after the amendments, especially regarding the protection of women against sexual violence. The extent to which the amendments to the 1945 Constitution have changed regarding the protection of women victims of sexual violence. There are contradictions regarding the condition of national criminal law regarding protective legal norms and sexual violence. This research proposes that there should be synchronization and harmonization efforts in national criminal law policies, in line with the 1945 Constitution which has been amended to ensure that the protection of women victims of sexual violence can be strategic and effective in Indonesia. In general, it provides benefits to help Indonesia carry out legal arrangements or reforms related to national criminal policies in line with the 1945 Constitution. Method: In this research, normative legal research methods are used to solve the legal problems being faced. This research to use several statutory approaches, a conceptual approach, a historical approach, a comparative approach and an analytical approach.

Implementation of Law and Actualization of Human Rights for Persons with Disabilities from Sexual Violence in Indonesia

Currently, sexual violence against women with disabilities often occurs. The lack of legal protection for women with disabilities means that they always experience discrimination from various parties. In the eyes of society, people with disabilities are looked down upon as people who need to be pitied, and in Indonesia itself, they live in a vulnerable environment due to restrictions, obstacles, and difficulties, and their rights are not properly fulfilled. The law itself regulates the protection rights of persons with disabilities, namely Law No. 18 of 2016.Often, people with disabilities become victims of violent acts, which makes it difficult for the perpetrators to be prosecuted by the police or prosecutors. The government itself has not fully provided special facilities to people with disabilities who are in conflict with the law. The government should make clear and firm regulations for people with disabilities who are victims of sexual harassment in order to guarantee protection for people with disabilities with clear laws

Efforts to Prevent Violence and Sexual Abuse in Children (Case Study: SD Baitu Ilmin Surabaya)

Sexual violence in Indonesia still occurs, especially sexual violence against children. In fact, in this case children also have the same rights as adults which are protected by the constitution. This happens because the provision of sexual education to children is still very taboo in Indonesia, therefore children's knowledge of sexuality and the things that lead to sexual violence have not been understood properly and clearly. Even though in this case, there are already legal arrangements related to sexual violence, in fact it is still not enough if it is not with the fulfillment of sexual education for children given by parents and teachers in schools. Therefore, it is not only the role of the government that is needed in preventing these crimes from occurring, but the community and families must also play a role in preventing these crimes. Therefore, in this study, it is hoped that parents and other communities will know that they must also play an active role in preventing sexual violence against children by providing proper and proper sexual education to children. Giving sexual education to children properly and appropriately turns out to also have a positive impact on children, not a negative impact as is thought by most people who think it is vulgar. Children who have been given sexual education will understand about the parts of the body that other people should not touch, the way they behave and the restrictions on the opposite sex, and how to refuse invitations from other people who have the intention of sexually assaulting them.

Analisis Yuridis Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Padang Pariaman Nomor 18/Pid.Sus-Anak/2018/Pn Pmn Tentang Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Sebagai Korban Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual

Sexual violence in Indonesia has increased every year, both for children, adolescents, and adults. So legal protection is needed in the form of providing guarantees for security, tranquility, welfare, peace as a form of legal certainty for children to avoid sexual violence. The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze the decision of the Padang Pariaman District Court Number 18/pid.sus-anak/2018/pn pmn regarding legal protection for children as victims of sexual violence. More about the legal topic of juridical analysis of the decision of the Padang Pariaman District Court Number 18/pid.sus-anak/2018/pn pmn regarding legal protection of children as victims of criminal acts of sexual violence. This research method uses a normative juridical method with a case approach. The results of this study indicate that the author does not agree with the judge's consideration in imposing a sentence on the defendant because he did not pay attention to Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection, which states that the minimum sentence is 5 years for perpetrators, while (one half) for child offenders in the Act. – Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. So that if sentenced to 1 year 4 months on the perpetrator is considered unfair to the victim. The analysis of legal materials used is deductive reasoning analysis, namely the preparation using a hypothesis or temporary answer. Meanwhile, this study applies a general to specific pattern.

Erasure/Exposure: (Re-)Witnessing 1965 in Tintin Wulia’s Documentary-Making

Abstract: This article closely examines A Thousand and One Martian Nights (2017), an experimental documentary/installation created by the Chinese-Indonesian artist Tintin Wulia for the 57th Venice Biennale, as a form of intervention into Indonesian national history and memory. By threading together readings of Pengkhianatan G30S/PKI (1984) and The Act of Killing (2012), the article situates Wulia’s work within a complex and hierarchised transnational terrain of competing images, narratives and representations which structure understandings of a history of violence in Indonesia with reference (or non-reference) to the mass killings of 1965–66. I pay attention to Wulia’s strategic imitations of and deviations from the aesthetics of documentary filmmaking, as she intermixes historical events with personal testimonies and fictitious settings. I argue that, in opening an audiovisual space for speculation and storytelling, Wulia problematises both the documentary genre and the international viewer’s claim to neutrality, while offering possibilities for self-representation for survivors and inheritors of the traumas of 1965.

Kekerasan Bahasa di Media Daring Nasional

Verbal abuse means impolite, referring to Leech's politeness principle. The problem of this research is: how is language violence in the Indonesian National Brave media? The long-term goal of this research is to prevent conflicts that occur in Indonesia due to hatred. The target of this research is to obtain reliable findings about patterns of language violence in Indonesia's national online media. The method used is pragmatic content analysis. The results of the research show that language violence predominantly occurs in Indonesia's national online media. The violence of language is measured by its violation of the Principle of Politeness which consists of six maxims. Of the total 8,922 analyses, 3,852 complied and 5,070 were tracked. If we look at the analysis of comments for each topic, out of 100 topics, only 16 topics tend to have comments that comply with the principles of politeness and 84 topics tend to violate them. From the research findings, it was also revealed that language violence predominantly occurs on topics related to political issues. While the topics relate to entertainment and the arts, there is rarely any violent language. This research also reveals that language violence has grown rapidly since the 2014 presidential election.

Punishment Policy on Homicide Violence in Indonesia

This paper was follow-up research of the author’s dissertation entitled, "Homicide by Wife in the Context of Domestic Violence: Case Studies of Convicted 4 Female Perpetrators in Women Prisons in Bandung, Indonesia." The findings from the dissertation showed that, in a normative manner, a wife who committed homicide against her husband was guilty and violated the criminal law regardless of the motive behinds it. Using feminist research and qualitative approach, the author argued that women (wives) who killed their partners in response to domestic violence were also victims. Therefore, imprisonment was not appropriate for them. This article discussed the public’s perception on women committing homicide in response to domestic violence by exploring the reasons why women engaged in such acts, rehabilitation measures, lenient treatment, and protection programs for women who committed homicide in reaction to domestic violence. Based on these discussions, the author concluded that a specific policy was necessary in Indonesia to regulate alternative intervention programs for women (wives) who commit homicide to their partners in reaction to domestic violence. The intervention programs shall include social work penalty and rehabilitation measures as well as implementation procedures, success indicator measurement, and evaluation criteria to see the implications of the policy.

Legal protection for victims of sexual violence in Indonesia in the perspectives of victimology and fiqh jinayah

Sexual violence is a global problem that violates human rights and fundamental freedoms. This paper examines the laws and regulations that guarantee the protection of victims according to Indonesian laws and Islamic law. Regarding Indonesian laws, besides the basic rules in the form of the Act on the Crime of Sexual Violence, there are also ministerial regulations (Regulation of the Minister of Education and Culture, and Regulation of the Minister of Religion) that protect and guarantee the safety of everyone from sexual violence offences. This is the concern of higher education institutions, that they are on the right track to address the issue of sexual violence with more passion and precision. The issues of sexual violence have received greater attention in universities, so that intensive prevention and response efforts are very important, with the aim of combating sexual violence in universities, navigating the application of laws and regulations relating to sexual violence, and more broadly, fostering a culture of respect, inclusion and courtesy towards others. These national laws are in line with the Islamic precepts regarding protection of citizens in the maqasid al-shariah concept, in which sexual violence offences can fall into all three categories of jarimah: qisas, hudud, and ta'zir, depending on the type of crimes committed.

The 1965–66 Violence in Upland East Java: A Reflexive Reassessment

Abstract: This essay draws on comparative ethnographic and historical research on the 1965–1966 violence in Indonesia to reassess the course and consequences of the violence in upland areas of the Pasuruan and Malang regencies (kabupaten) in the province of East Java. The essay seeks to reframe and update my earlier analysis of the violence in this territory by juxtaposing it to recent paradigm-changing studies carried out by a new generation of scholars examining the 1965-1966 violence and its aftermath. The essay makes five main points. First, it demonstrates that, even within rural settings separated by only a few kilometers, the timing and scale of the anti-communist violence varied significantly. Second, it shows that a key influence on this variation was not merely army ambitions or the relative strength of local Muslim militias, but the nature of the relationship between local Indonesian Nationalist (PNI) and Communist Party (PKI) activists in the years leading up to the killings. Third, the study reveals that, in some rural communities, there was significant ambivalence in NU circles about joining in the anti-communist campaign, because NU preachers worried that participation in the killings might undercut their recently-initiated programs of Islamic appeal (dakwah) in abangan villages. Fourth, the study confirms the demographic findings of Siddharth Chandra and Mark Winward concerning the scale and contemporary significance of the population movement within rural Java set in motion by the killings. Fifth, the essay argues that although a "conservative turn" in Muslim society since the early 2000s has set back efforts to promote reconciliation between Muslim organizations and survivors of 1965–1966 killings, the prospects remain for a modest but still thoughtful public discussion of the violence and its legacies.

Visum et Repertum as Evidence in Sexual Violence Prosecutions : A Criminal Law Literature Review

Sexual violence is a global problem that must be investigated and prosecuted. Visum et Repertum is a written statement made by a doctor at the official written request of an investigator regarding a medical examination of a human being, whether living or dead or a part of the human body, in the form of findings and their interpretation, under oath and for the benefit of justice. In Indonesia, Visum et Repertum is one of the valid pieces of evidence as written in Article 184 of the KUHAP, including in cases of sexual violence. This study aims to examine the application, position, and legal basis of visum et repertum as a means of evidence in cases of sexual violence in Indonesia both normatively and empirically. The sexual violence case study shows that the use of visum et repertum as evidence in sexual violence cases has its role in the prosecution process. The use of visum et repertum in cases of sexual violence is important in providing evidence to support the victim's testimony. Although crucial, visum et repertum has limited legal force and the need for additional evidence to reach material truth in the case. Overall, the findings of this study indicate that the use of visum et repertum as evidence in cases of sexual violence in Indonesia needs to be further improved to ensure justice for victims.

The Dimension of Religion in Political Conflict and Violence: An Experience In Indonesia

<p>This article aims to discuss the religious dimension in political conflict and violence in Indonesia Indonesian society is heterogeneous, especially in religious affiliation. A series of cases of violence in Indonesia involving religion, such as the events in Pekalongan (1995), Situbondo (1996), Poso (1998), Ambon (1999), Tasikmalaya (1996), Sukabumi (2008), and also other violence in several parts of Indonesia . This incident caused various kinds of losses both in terms of community facilities and the many casualties that fell. This is based on an excessive commitment to the religious aspects of Indonesian society... The method used in this article is a qualitative research method that consists of library research. Thus, the data obtained comes from literary sources such as books, scientific articles, research reports, and so on. The data analysis technique is a qualitative data analysis technique of Miles et al. The results of the study show that the religious dimension is the main factor in the various events of political conflict and violence in Indonesia. These religious-based conflicts are used by political elites to gain political power. The various religious and political conflicts and violence is due to hyper commitment in most religious societies and the factor of religious differentiation.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>

Addressing Gender-Based Violence: Comparative Analysis of International Legal Frameworks and Practices

Gender-based violence (GBV) is a global issue that violates human rights and impedes social development. This research paper presents a comparative analysis of the international legal framework and practices relating to GBV in Indonesia. Through a qualitative research approach, including document analysis, comparative legal analysis, and case studies, this research explores the alignment of Indonesia's legal framework with international standards and examines initiatives and practices implemented in Indonesia to address GBV. The research identifies gaps, challenges, and potential solutions, providing insights for policymakers, practitioners, and advocates working to combat gender-based violence in Indonesia and other similar contexts.

NALAR KRITIS POLIGAMI SEBAGAI KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA

In this paper, the researcher analyses and explains polygamy as a form of domestic violence from the perspective of positive Indonesian law and how it critiques Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage by examining Law No. 23 of 2004 on the Elimination of Domestic Violence in Indonesia. Using a literature review, this study found that polygamy carried out without fulfilling the conditions stipulated in the marriage law and Islamic Law Compilation (KHI) can be a form of domestic violence. This is because polygamy committed without the first wife's consent and without regard to the family's welfare can cause injustice and imbalance in the husband-wife relationship and damage the family concerned. Polygamy cases, if associated with Law No. 23 of 2004 concerning the elimination of domestic violence, are a form of psychological violence that can be criminalised and charged with Domestic Violence Law No. 23 of 2004, specifically Article five, which states that "every person is prohibited from committing acts of domestic violence against persons within the scope of their household, whether committed directly or indirectly, to cause pain or misery or suffer physically, sexually, psychologically, and or domestic neglect, including domestic neglect". The criminal penalty can be imprisonment of up to three years or a fine of up to 9 million rupiahs. Suppose the psychological attack causes illness or prevents the victim from doing their job to the extent that their daily activities are disrupted. In that case, they can face imprisonment of up to four months or a fine of three million rupiahs.

TEXT CLASSIFICATION OF TWITTER OPINION RELATED TO PERMENDIKBUD 30/2021 USING BIDIRECTIONAL LSTM

During the COVID-19 outbreak, sexual violence in Indonesia has risen. Sexual abuse is prevalent even within the realm of education. Many incidents of sexual assault are reported within the higher education sector. The Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology published Decree of the Minister of Education and Culture Number 30/2021 (Permendikbud 30/2021) on the Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence in Higher Education in an effort to prevent sexual violence on campus. This regulation's issuance has become a popular topic of discussion on social media. Twitter is one of the social media platforms where opinions are expressed. The publication of Permendikbud 30/2021 elicited a variety of views, from those who supported the rule to those who did not. This study's objective is to categorize tweets about Permendikbud 30/2021. Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) was utilized to classify data in this study. The accuracy values are 87%, the precision values are 82%, and the recall values are 96% based on the findings of the analysis comparing training data of 80% to testing data of 20%.

Kekerasan Seksual di Lingkungan Pendidikan dan Pencegahannya

Cases of sexual violence in Indonesia in the near future are always increasing from year to year, and victims are not only adults but also children, including in religious circles (pesantren). The phenomenon of sexual violence against children is becoming more and more common and has become a special concern in the world of education. The increase in cases of sexual violence is seen in the quantity or number of cases that occur. And to make matters worse, the perpetrators come from an educational environment such as a boarding school which is an Islamic educational institution. The method used in this research is the case study method. The focus of this article is sexual violence in pesantren and its prevention. With efforts to provide sex education, the mindset of providing sex education to students from an early age is important and not taboo

Psychometrics of social norm and beliefs on gender-based violence in Indonesia

Introduction: Gender-based violence (GBV) is an important issue, especially violence experienced by women in the household. Social norms and beliefs (SNB) held by a person in society also affect the occurrence of violence. The purpose of this study was to examine the construct validity and reliability of SNB on the GBV scale in Indonesia. Methods: Cross-sectional research was used in this study. A questionnaire on gender-based SNB was used to gather data. It had two domains—injunctive social norms and personal beliefs—each with three subscales: the husband's right to use violence, preserving family honor, and responding to sexual violence. By using a random sampling technique, data were obtained from 234 people consisting of 197 women and 37 men aged over 18 years. Data were analyzed using SmartPLS. Results: The item which was strong on social norms with Cronbach's alpha 0.844 was protecting family honor. All items were above 0.5 so it can be stated that the gender-based SNB scale was valid and reliable to be used in measuring gender-based violence in Indonesia. Conclusions: Psychometrics of SNB about GBV scale in the Indonesian version is valid and reliable.