Experiences Of Violence Research Articles

Women's Participation in the Arab Spring Protests and the Prevalence of Domestic Violence: Evidence From Egypt

During the Arab Spring protests, Egyptian women demonstrated in streets in unprecedented numbers, challenging societal norms about women’s roles and rights. Using a triple difference approach and nationally representative DHS data, this study exploits regional variation in protest intensity and women’s participation in the protests from 2011 to 2014 to examine the changes in women’s risk of experiencing domestic violence. Results show that women experienced a significant decline in their probability of experiencing physical, sexual, and psychological violence from their intimate partners in regions more exposed to women’s political participation in Arab Spring protests. Exploring potential channels, the study finds a significant increase in women’s decision-making power in more affected regions, without significant changes in attitudes toward domestic violence or labor market outcomes. These effects underscore the role of increased visibility of women in public spaces in empowering women and reducing their experience of intimate partner violence. HIGHLIGHTS Egyptian women protested in unprecedented numbers during Arab Spring demonstrations. Exposure to these events changed women’s risk of experiencing intimate partner violence. Women experienced a significant decline in intimate partner violence in more affected regions. Women also experienced an increase in decision-making power within the household.

Exploratory analysis of the potential impact of violence on HIV among female sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya: a mathematical modelling study

BackgroundUnderstanding the frequency of violence experienced by female sex workers (FSWs) and how violence contributes to HIV transmission can help improve HIV programs.MethodsUsing recent recommendations for modelling structural factors and associated causal pathways, we developed a HIV transmission dynamic model for FSWs and their clients in Mombasa, Kenya, mechanistically representing three types of violence (sexual violence, SV; physical violence, PV; police assault and arrest, PAA). Each type of violence affects HIV transmission through key mediators (condom non-use, HIV testing). We parameterized the model using data from a cross-sectional study of FSWs aged 15–24 recruited from a systematic geographical mapping sampling frame in Mombasa, Kenya (Cheuk E et al., Frontiers in Reproductive Health 2(7), 2020). Using this model, calibrated (and cross-validated) to HIV epidemiological and violence outcomes, we estimated the incidence of violence episodes, the contribution of violence to the HIV epidemic measured by the transmission population-attributable fraction, and the potential impact of possible violence interventions.ResultsThe median estimated incidence of PAA in 2023 among FSWs who had not previously experienced that type of violence was 0.20 (95% credible interval: 0.17–0.22) per person-year (ppy), about double the incidence of SV and PV (0.10 (0.09–0.11), 0.11 (0.09–0.12), respectively). The incidence of violence was higher among FSWs who had previously experienced violence: the incidence of recurrent PV was 2.65 (1.82–3.37) ppy, while the incidence of recurrent SV and PAA were 1.26 (0.80–1.67) and 1.37 (0.94–1.74 ppy, respectively. In this setting, we estimated that a median of 35.3% (3.4–55.8%) infections in FSWs and clients combined over the next 10 years may be due to all types of violence (and mediators), mainly through reduced condom use in FSWs who have ever experienced SV (34.6% (2.4–55.5%)). Interventions that prevent future violence without mitigating the effects of past violence may only prevent 8.8% (0.8–14.0%) infections over 10 years.ConclusionsFSWs in Mombasa experience violence frequently. In this population, we find that addressing sexual violence, including mitigating the effects of past violence, is potentially important in reducing HIV transmission in this population. However, the wide uncertainty range shows longitudinal studies are needed to strengthen the evidence of the influence of violence on HIV risk behavior. We find that the recommendations for modelling structural factors provide a useful framework for describing the model.

Experience of Violence During Homelessness

This cross-sectional study reports the prevalence and odds of physical and/or sexual violence among unhoused adults in California.

The Prevalence and Predictors of Workplace Violence Among Hospital Staff

Background: Workplace violence has always been a serious chal-lenge in health care systems. It reduces employees’ satisfaction and productivity, and increases the potential for adverse medical events. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of workplace violence among hospital clinical staff. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 140 hospital care staff including nurses and paramedics in 2022. The standard questionnaire of WHO on workplace violence in health sector was used to collect data. To describe the quantitative variables, the mean and standard deviations were utilized, and for analyzing the data, multiple logistic regression model was used. The analysis was performed using SPSS 26. Results: The results showed that 47.9% of the participants ex-perienced verbal violence at least once in the past year, and 19.3% experienced sexual violence. Regarding the perpetrators of violence, except for physical violence, colleagues accounted for the highest. Most physical violence cases against the clinical staff were perpetrated by one of the patient’s family members. Gender, marital status, and years of work experience were determined as predictors of workplace violence. Married male employees with limited work experience were disproportionately at risk of workplace violence. Conclusion: Hospital clinical staff were exposed to all kinds of violence, especially verbal violence. Training personnel on the management of workplace violence and enhancing their communication skills and determining the scope, and predictors of workplace violence can help healthcare managers reduce the violence and its complications.

Ethnic Identity and Violence in Urban Spaces: Looking Through the Lens of ‘Cultural Conditioning’

In the recent past, the episodes of violence against the Northeast migrants in major metropolitan cities have raised debates on the racial nature of such violence and have drawn scholarly attention. This article maps the experiences of differential treatment and violence among the Northeast migrants in the national capital city and looks into the consequences of such experiences and strategies to cope with various challenges in daily life. It critically examines the experiences through the sociocultural dynamics of the local societies within the city where the ethnic migrants live. It considers the experiential accounts of a sample of 130 Northeast migrants from different urban local cultures in the national capital of India. Data on lived experiences and various perspectives of the Northeast migrants are collected using a mixed-method approach. The article reveals that ethnic identity plays a role in everyday experiences with some sorts of disadvantages. The ‘construction of otherness’ is found to have a disproportionate impact on their day-to-day life. However, there have been perceived positive changes in the ‘perceptual distance’ and inter-group behaviours. Given that most of the experiences of differential treatment and violence among Northeast migrants are located within the context of the local societies in the city and they have everyday encounters for social acceptance, the article argues that the inter-group relationships are exceedingly shaped by the sociocultural orientations of the people in local societies. The article asserts that understanding the violence against a migrant ethnic minority in cosmopolitan cities cannot undermine the role of social and cultural boundaries of urban local societies.

Adult Caretaker Engagement and School Connectedness and Association with Substance Use, Indicators of Emotional Well-Being and Suicide Risk, and Experiences with Violence Among American Indian or Alaska Native High School Students - Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2023.

The strength of American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities comes from generations of Indigenous traditions, language, culture, and knowledge. These strengths have been challenged by a complex set of systemic, structural, and social factors related to historical and intergenerational trauma that affects the health of AI/AN communities. Furthermore, AI/AN population health data often are inaccurate because of analytic coding practices that do not account for multiracial and ethnic AI/AN identification and inadequate because of statistical suppression. The 2023 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey included a supplemental sample of AI/AN high school students. Coding of race and ethnicity was inclusive of all AI/AN students, even if they also identified as another race or as Hispanic or Latino, providing comprehensive data on health behaviors and experiences among AI/AN high school students nationwide. Adult caretaker engagement and school connectedness and their association with 13 health behaviors and experiences were examined, including five types of current substance use, four indicators of emotional well-being and suicide risk, and four types of violence. Pairwise t-tests and adjusted prevalence ratios from logistic regression models identified significant associations between exposure and outcome variables. Among AI/AN students, having an adult who always tried to meet their basic needs, high parental monitoring, and high school connectedness were associated with lower prevalence of certain measures of substance use, poor emotional well-being and suicide risk, and violence. Compared with non-AI/AN students, the prevalence of current electronic vapor product use, current marijuana use, attempted suicide, and experience of sexual violence was higher among AI/AN students.This report presents the most comprehensive, up-to-date data on substance use, indicators of emotional well-being and suicide risk, and experiences with violence among AI/AN high school students nationwide. The findings suggest the importance of engaged household adults and school connectedness in promoting emotional well-being and preventing substance use, suicide-related behavior, and experiences of violence among AI/AN students. Understanding the historical context and incorporating Indigenous knowledge when developing interventions focused on AI/AN youths are critical to ensure such interventions are successful in improving AI/AN health and well-being.

Physical Activity Behaviors and Negative Safety and Violence Experiences Among High School Students - Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2023.

Schools are in a unique position to offer opportunities for students to be physically active throughout the school day and promote health and well-being. However, experiences that threaten safety or perceptions of safety might affect students' physical activity behaviors. Using the 2023 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey, six physical activity behaviors and five negative safety and violence experiences were examined from a nationally representative sample of U.S. high school students. This report updates national estimates for physical activity behaviors overall and by sex, grade, race and ethnicity, and sexual identity. In addition, associations between negative experiences and physical activity behaviors were examined, stratified by sex, via unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios. Regardless of negative safety and violence experiences, male students had a higher prevalence of meeting aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and both aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity guidelines compared with female students. In adjusted models among female students, a positive association was observed between being threatened or injured with a weapon at school and meeting the aerobic guideline, meeting the muscle-strengthening guideline, and playing on ≥1 sports team. Among male students, positive associations were observed between witnessing neighborhood violence and meeting the aerobic guideline and the muscle-strengthening guideline. A negative association was observed between attending physical education classes on all 5 days and witnessing neighborhood violence among female students and being bullied electronically among male students. Physical activity might serve as a mechanism that students employ to cope with negative safety and violence experiences. Understanding current physical activity behaviors among students with these negative experiences will be useful for school leaders, teachers, and public health practitioners who influence physical activity infrastructure and programming in schools and work to support safe, supportive, and inclusive school environments for student health. Although future research is needed to further explore these associations, physical activity continues to be an important behavior to prioritize for adolescent health in the school setting.

Asking for Verbal Sexual Consent and Experiences of Sexual Violence and Sexual Behaviors Among High School Students - Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2023.

Adolescents' sexual consent behaviors are critical for developing healthy sexual relationships and preventing experiences of sexual violence. This report uses 2023 Youth Risk Behavior Survey data to describe prevalence of asking for sexual consent verbally at last sexual contact among U.S. high school students. Differences in prevalence of asking for sexual consent verbally by sex, age, race and ethnicity, sexual identity, sex of sexual contacts, and gender identity were examined. Differences in asking for sexual consent verbally also were examined by experiences of sexual violence and sexual behaviors. Sex-stratified logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between asking for sexual consent verbally with experiences of sexual violence and sexual behaviors. In addition, data were analyzed using adjusted logistic regression models controlling for age, race and ethnicity, and sexual identity. Among high school students who reported ever having sexual contact, 79.8% reported asking for sexual consent verbally at last sexual contact. A lower percentage of female students (74.5%) reported asking for sexual consent verbally than male students (84.6%). In adjusted sex-stratified analyses, female students who asked for sexual consent verbally had higher prevalence of ever having had sexual intercourse. Male students who asked for sexual consent verbally had higher prevalence of ever having had sexual intercourse and being currently sexually active. Female and male students who asked for sexual consent verbally had higher prevalence of having first sexual intercourse before age 13 and using condoms. In addition, female students who asked for sexual consent verbally during last sexual intercourse had lower prevalence of using alcohol or drugs at last sexual intercourse. Public health researchers and practitioners, health care providers, schools, and youth-serving organizations can use these findings to better understand high school students' verbal sexual consent, improve complex measurement of consent-seeking behaviors, and guide multicomponent sexual health and violence prevention efforts across various settings.

Disparities in School Connectedness, Unstable Housing, Experiences of Violence, Mental Health, and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among Transgender and Cisgender High School Students - Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2023.

Transgender high school students (those whose gender identity differs from their sex assigned at birth) experience disparate health outcomes and challenges in school, including violence and discrimination, compared with cisgender students (those whose gender identity aligns with their sex assigned at birth). Until recently, population-based data describing the experiences of transgender students and students questioning whether they are transgender (questioning) have been limited. In 2023, the national Youth Risk Behavior Survey assessed transgender identity, providing the first nationally representative data about transgender students. This report describes the demographic characteristics of transgender and questioning high school students and examines differences in the prevalence of experiences of violence, poor mental health, suicidal thoughts and behaviors, school connectedness, and unstable housing among transgender, questioning, and cisgender high school students nationwide. In 2023, 3.3% of U.S. high school students identified as transgender, and 2.2% identified as questioning. Transgender and questioning students experienced a higher prevalence of violence, poor mental health, suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and unstable housing, and a lower prevalence of school connectedness than their cisgender peers. Compared with 8.5% of cisgender male students, 25.3% of transgender students and 26.4% of questioning students skipped school because they felt unsafe. An estimated 40% of transgender and questioning students were bullied at school, and 69% of questioning students and 72% of transgender students experienced persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness, a marker for experiencing depressive symptoms. Approximately 26% of transgender and questioning students attempted suicide in the past year compared with 5% of cisgender male and 11% of cisgender female students. Intervention opportunities for schools to create safer and more supportive environments for transgender and questioning students can help address these disparities. The findings of this report suggest that more effort is necessary to ensure that the health and well-being of youths who are socially marginalized is prioritized.

Latent classes of adverse childhood experiences and adult health and behavioural outcomes in Haiti’s Cité Soleil

Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is associated with harmful biopsychosocial and behavioral outcomes in adulthood and with reduced community capacity. We investigated the prevalence of ACEs and differential risk of adverse adult outcomes based on latent class assignment in a resource- limited, high violence, and understudied setting of urban Haiti, i.e., Cité Soleil. 100% (N = 673; 41.4% men, 58.6% women, mean age 28.5) reported at minimum one ACE; 70% reported physical and emotional abuse as ACEs, and 47% reported experience of child sexual abuse (CSA). We identified 3 distinct latent classes and evaluated associations between class membership and correlates (e.g., experience of non-partner sexual violence as adults [NPSV], suicidal ideation [SI], substance use to manage stress). Family dysfunction (domestic violence, substance abuse, mental illness, divorce, or incarceration of caregivers) existed across all three classes. Patterns of ACEs reported by members of Class 2 support their identification as a distinct class that is at greatest risk for adverse adult outcomes. Specifically, the increased odds of exposure to CSA distinguished members of Class 2 from Classes 1 and 3. Members of Class 2 also had increased odds of substance use, SI, fear of going outside, NPSV experience, and hypervigilance. Class 2 members further showed reduced odds of education, access to health care, and being men survivors of NPSV. The prevalence of ACEs in this sample is unprecedented. Haiti needs ACE prevention and compassionate trauma-informed care at the population level.

Enabling Emergency Department Staff to Support Domestic Violence Victims of Strangulation

ABSTRACT The study reported here investigated what enables emergency department (ED) staff to support domestic violence victim-survivors of strangulation, which poses potentially life-threatening medical and psychosocial risks. Informed by Appreciative Inquiry, interviews were conducted with twelve staff from eight emergency departments in New South Wales, Australia. Doctors, nurses, and social workers with experience in supporting victim-survivors of domestic violence-related strangulation were interviewed. De-identified transcripts were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Themes identified from the data were the importance of recognising strangulation injuries, that understanding experiences of violence improves ED staff’s responses to victim-survivors of strangulation, the value of social work in multidisciplinary response, and that informal support sustains staff in this work. These themes highlight the need for emergency department staff education in identifying and responding to domestic violence and strangulation, which enables informed responses, positive patient engagement, and effective multidisciplinary care. IMPLICATIONS Multidisciplinary care for health and safety assessments are essential for domestic violence victim-survivors of strangulation presenting to emergency departments. 24-hour access to social workers in emergency departments facilitates safety planning and may mitigate the risks of escalating violence. Strangulation and domestic violence education is essential for emergency department staff. There is an evident need for increased social work roles in EDs, especially in rural hospitals, to support victim-survivors and to apply a social work approach to train ED staff to respond appropriately. Formalising supportive structures through enhancing social work and domestic violence education in emergency departments whilst encouraging informal support networks for staff may enhance safety for victims-survivors and maximise staff emotional wellbeing.

Variations in the association between polygyny and experience of intimate partner violence by husband’s alcohol consumption: a cross-sectional study among postpartum women in Thailand

BackgroundIntimate partner violence is more common in polygynous couples than monogamous couples, but the extent that this association is modified by the husband’s alcohol consumption is unknown. The objectives of this study are: (1) To describe the extent to which polygyny is associated with self-reported experience of intimate partner violence among women receiving postpartum care; (2) To describe the extent to which the mentioned association is modified by the husband’s alcohol consumption.MethodsWe conducted a hospital-based cross-sectional study among women age 18 years or older receiving postpartum care at 8 public hospitals in 3 provinces in Northern and Northeastern Thailand using self-administered questionnaires. We analyzed data using descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and stratified analyses.ResultsA total of 1207 women agreed to participate in the study, 8% of whom reported that their husbands practiced polygyny. Women in a polygynous relationship were more likely than women in monogamous relationships to experience intimate partner violence (11.7% vs. 3.6%, Adjusted OR = 2.23; 95% CI = 0.94, 5.26). The prevalence of intimate partner violence was relatively low in both groups among women whose husbands did not drink (2.9% vs. 0%, Adjusted OR = N/A), and very high in both groups among those whose husbands binge-drank (46.2% vs. 20.8%, Adjusted OR = 9.54; 95% CI = 1.10, 82.54). However, the Breslow-Day Test of Homogeneity suggested that there was no statistically significant effect modification (p-value = 0.259).ConclusionStakeholders in intimate partner violence should consider both alcohol use (particularly binge-drinking) and polygyny as risk factors for intimate partner violence. However, caveats regarding study design, misclassification and potential information bias, and lack of generalizability should be considered in the interpretation of the study findings.

"I managed to stand on my own. I saved my baby's life.": qualitative analysis of birth experiences from women living with HIV in Cape Town, South Africa.

There is growing recognition of obstetric violence in health facilities across the globe. With nearly one in three pregnant women living with HIV in South Africa, it is important to consider the influence of HIV status on birth experiences, including potential experience of obstetric violence as defined by the Respectful Maternity Care Charter. This qualitative analysis aims to understand the factors that shape birth experiences of women living with HIV, including experiences at the nexus of HIV status and obstetric violence, and how women react to these factors. Data were collected in a Midwife Obstetric Unit in Gugulethu, Cape Town, South Africa, through 26 in-depth interviews with women living with HIV at 6-8weeks postpartum. Interviews included questions about labor and early motherhood, ART adherence, and social contexts. We combined template style thematic analysis and matrix analysis to refine themes and subthemes. Participants described a range of social and structural factors they felt influenced their birth experiences, including lack of resources and institutional policies. While some participants described positive interactions with healthcare providers, several described instances of obstetric violence, including being ignored and denied care. Nearly all participants, even those who described instances of obstetric violence, described themselves as strong and independent during their birth experiences. Participants reacted to birth experiences by shifting their family planning intentions, forming attitudes toward the health facility, and taking responsibility for their own and their babies' safety during birth. Narratives of negative birth experiences among some women living with HIV reveal a constellation of factors that produce obstetric violence, reflective of social hierarchies and networks of power relations. Participant accounts indicate the need for future research explicitly examining how structural vulnerability shapes birth experiences for women living with HIV in South Africa. These birth stories should also guide future intervention and advocacy work, sparking initiatives to advance compassionate maternity care across health facilities in South Africa, with relevance for other comparable settings.

Lifetime Violence and Perinatal Sleep Quality: A Scoping Review

Abstract Introduction In-utero experience of violence through maternal experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) is a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes via ‘biological programming,’ whose effect can be mediated by sleep. We conducted a scoping review to synthesize the current evidence of the association between experiences of violence and sleep in women. Methods Between August and October 2023, we conducted a search in four databases (PubMed, APA PsycInfo, Embase, and Web of Science) for peer-reviewed articles, using 11 inclusion and exclusion criteria. Any study published in English in peer-reviewed journals that conducted original research on the association between exposure to violence (lifetime IPV, IPV during the previous year, during and 1 year after pregnancy, as well as adverse childhood experiences) and poor sleep outcomes (sleep disturbances, insomnia, poor sleep quality, and longer time to fall asleep) in the perinatal population were included. Results The synthesis of the 12 included studies revealed a positive association between exposure to violence and poor sleep, and between adverse childhood experiences and sleep disturbances or poor sleep during pregnancy. Moreover, IPV in the postpartum period was associated with poor sleep. Conclusion Most of the evidence synthesized comprises data from high-income countries, resulting in lack of cultural context. However, it is evident that the experience of violence throughout life is a risk for poor perinatal sleep quality. Thus, there is a growing need to study this association, especially in resource-limited settings, where data on sleep health is largely absent, inform pregnancy care and maternal and child health policies.

Unravelling the “Ethos of Change” in African Urban Margins: Institutions, Stigmas, Experiences

Abstract How are desirable futures conceived in the African urban margins? What trajectories do individuals use to get there? And who decides what constitutes a desirable future? This special issue proposes the “ethos of change” as an analytical concept to better understand how urban margins in Africa shape specific lives and, in particular, aspirations for change. “Ethos of change” is a broad set of embodied norms, (self) narratives, and routine practices driving the trajectory of personal change to escape an initial self and environment that are both internalised as unsatisfactory and dishonourable. Based on case studies from Kenya, Cameroon, and Burkina Faso, analyses in this special issue focus on how individuals construct their experiences of violence, (de)radicalisation, displacement, and the intervention of large-scale state programmes. This introductory article offers an institutional framework for comprehending the other articles that constitute the special issue and summarises their contents. Additionally, it assesses how the special issue’s contribution advances our understanding of how to reconsider Africa’s urban margins as spaces for the production of difference, where individuals appropriate the idea of change with its modalities amidst multiple facets of stigma and symbolic violence in African urban margins.

“We Pupils Had to Hear…” Marginalised Youths’ Experiences of Racialising Language and Symbolic Violence in Swedish Schools

Guided by Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical approaches of symbolic capital and symbolic violence, this article examines the everyday mechanisms of ‘otherising’ language practices in schools that reinforce racism against marginalised youths in Sweden. The empirical material is based on focus group discussions and individual in-depth interviews with youths with migrant backgrounds in Sweden. The stories told by the participants in this study indicate how young people with immigrant backgrounds are discursively racialised and otherised as a group that does not belong to Swedish society, through the articulation of negative opinions, attitudes, and ideologies as part of established colonial discourses. It is argued that the marginalisation of migrants in Sweden, which is a consequence of social policy, has even resulted in utilisation of a marginalised language — one that deviates from the majority language in several different ways.

Small business leadership, peacebuilding, and citizen perceptions of businesses as peacebuilders: theory and evidence from Colombia

Purpose Businesses are increasingly engaged in actions to support peace in conflict- and violence-affected communities. Yet there is limited knowledge about why business leaders engage in peace or how citizens perceive the importance, efficacy and impacts of business contributions to address conflict and violence. These gaps are particularly acute for small business scholarship. This paper aims to address these. Design/methodology/approach This paper considers how small and medium enterprises (SMEs) view their peace-positive actions and how these are perceived by communities. This paper examines this by using two original primary surveys conducted concurrently in May 2021 in Bogotá and Medellín, Colombia. Question themes included: SMEs operating environments, relationships and networks, experiences of violence, SMEs community contributions and citizen perceptions of businesses as peacebuilding agents. Findings The results show that small business leaders who supported their communities with peace-positive actions saw their businesses perform better and held positive views of the benefits of engagement. Further, citizen perceptions of businesses contributions to peace declined where insecurity increased and improved where businesses – and in particular MSMSEs – engaged more in their communities. Research limitations/implications This paper discusses certain limitations related to the use of a mobile-phone based sampling methodology enumerated during an ongoing pandemic. Originality/value This paper presents an original contribution that examines both SME and citizen perceptions of businesses peace-positive actions. The findings inform notions of SME leadership in fragile contexts, as well as the role of the private sector in conflict spaces more generally. They also suggest a greater focus on understanding the broader perceptions of businesses actions toward peacebuilding within society.

Echoes of violence: experiences of Palestinian Arab students in Israeli academia during the violent events of May 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the challenges faced by Palestinian Arab citizens of Israel (PAI) who are students in Israeli higher education institutions amidst periods of national turbulence and violence, particularly focusing on the violent events of May 2021. Using interviews with students, academics, and members of civil society organisations, the paper puts forth a constructivist grounded theory model that charts the impact of the violent events of May 2021 on PAI students. It reveals that students’ experiences of violence, in various forms, give rise to a host of emotional, social, and political processes that heighten their awareness of the structural violence of the broader Israeli-Palestinian struggle. In response, PAI students withdraw both physically and mentally from their campuses and concurrently mobilise within their communities to address unmet needs neglected by official authorities. The perceptions of PAI students regarding their institutions’ responses to political issues are marked by intense cynicism—a sentiment that is mitigated by individual supportive initiatives by faculty members. Based on the findings, the paper argues that periods of political escalation are not to be viewed as fleeting events that heighten emotions but rather as critical junctures where identities and perceptions are formed, leaving an impact that lasts long after the immediate turbulence subsides.

Relationship between workplace violence and attitudes towards the nursing profession in nursing students: A cross-sectional study in Iran

BACKGROUND: Nursing students are at risk of violence. When nursing students encounter violence in clinical environments, their functional abilities and their desire to stay in this profession are impressed. This research determines the relationship between violence in the workplace and the attitude towards the nursing profession (NP) among Iranian nursing students in 2021. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional research was conducted as an online survey in 2021, and 512 nursing students were selected using the convenience method. Data collection tools included a demographic information form, a professional attitude questionnaire, and a workplace violence questionnaire. Chi-square tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), sample t-test, and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The average age was 23.19 ± 4.58 years. Students with high violence experiences had a more negative attitude towards the profession (P = 0.000). The perpetrators of violence were mainly hospital employees (52.42). It was followed by patients and companions (45.86) and instructors (43.95). A significant relationship was found between gender (P = 0.03), age (P = 0.00), academic year (P = 0.005), and marital status (P = 0.008) with attitude towards profession. The findings of this research showed that the variables of gender (boy) and age have an inverse effect on the attitude with a predictive power of 37%; however, the attitude towards the profession becomes positive by increasing the academic year. CONCLUSION: This research provides data to nursing schools to develop intervention and prevention strategies to support students in dealing with the experience of violence. Holding related training courses in violence prevention techniques reduces the other party’s anger and can help improve the situation.

Mental health and perceived consequences in a clinical sample of women featured in video-based pornography

ContextSeveral reports have shed light on the potentially traumatic filming conditions, and violence experienced by women featured in pornography (WP). However, there is a scarcity of research on the mental health of these women, as well as the perceived consequences of participation in Video-based Pornography (VbP). MethodsThirty-six women, recruited through collaboration with WP support groups, completed an online questionnaire covering socio-demographics, pre-VbP violence experiences, and perceived consequences of their participation in VbP. Additionally, participants completed the French versions of the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES-II), and the 13-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13). ResultsThe participants had a mean age of 31.2 years (SD = 7), and the median age at first participation in VbP was 21. A majority (77.8%) reported a lifetime experience of sexual violence before featuring in VbP. All participants reported at least one negative effect of participating in VbP, with three in four women citing cyberbullying following VbP dissemination. Additionally, participants reported a range of physical consequences such as vaginal lesions and sexually transmitted diseases. Thirty women (83%) had a PCL-5 score over 33, indicative of probable PTSD, and 28 women (78%) had a DES-II score of 30 or more, indicating high levels of dissociative symptoms. Furthermore, 19 women (53%) reported a BDI-13 score over 13, suggesting potential severe depression. ConclusionThis study underscores psychosocial vulnerabilities and the presence of severe psychopathology among WP. It also documents their perceptions of negative consequences of participation in VbP, such as cyberbullying, physical injuries, and emotional distress. Further, large-scale studies are needed to substantiate these results and better understand the scale of the problem, as well as to optimize care interventions.