Cases Of Violence Research Articles

PEREMPUAN DAN KETIDAKADILAN GENDER (Studi Kasus Bentuk-Bentuk Ketidakadilan Gender di Kota Kendari Tahun 2024)

The purpose of this research is to identify and examine gender inequality as a manifestation of gender differences in Kendari City in 2024. It will examine the forms of gender inequality that women in Kendari City face using the gender concept. The research method used is mixed methods, which combine qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. Data collection techniques using questionnaires distributed via Google form, literature study, and documentation. The three steps of the analysis technique are data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The research indicates that there are five forms of gender inequality in Kendari City, namely: Marginalization, Subordination, Stereotypes, Violence and Workload. Stereotypes, Marginalization, and Subordination are less dominant than the most dominant form of violence that women in Kendari City face. Based on data from the Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection Service, there were 26 cases of violence against women that occurred in the workplace, public spaces, and at home. The workload was found to be 44.4%, especially for women who act as both breadwinners and housewives. In conclusion, workload and violence are the most prevalent forms of gender inequality in Kendari City. Poor economic conditions are the primary factor of this violence and workload.

Penerapan Restorative Justice dalam Kasus Kekerasan Domestik di Indonesia: Studi Empiris di Wilayah Perkotaan dan Pedesaan

Domestic violence is a critical issue affecting many individuals and families in Indonesia, with varied impacts across urban and rural areas. This study examines the implementation of the Restorative Justice approach in resolving domestic violence cases in these contexts and identifies factors influencing its effectiveness. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative analysis through surveys and qualitative insights from in-depth interviews. Data were collected from 300 respondents, including victims, offenders, and mediators, from urban and rural settings, alongside interviews with key stakeholders. The findings reveal significant differences in acceptance and satisfaction with Restorative Justice processes between urban and rural populations. In urban areas, higher legal awareness and access to trained mediators contribute to a 70% satisfaction rate, reflecting better participation and understanding of the process. In contrast, rural areas exhibit a lower satisfaction rate of 50%, hindered by cultural norms, limited legal knowledge, and a shortage of qualified mediators. Despite these challenges, Restorative Justice shows promise in addressing domestic violence by fostering dialogue, accountability, and reconciliation, emphasizing victim empowerment and offender rehabilitation. This study underscores the necessity of adapting Restorative Justice practices to local socio-cultural contexts to enhance effectiveness. Recommendations include developing tailored mediator training programs, increasing public awareness, and integrating community leaders into the process to build trust and legitimacy. The research contributes to the discourse on legal reform by highlighting the potential of Restorative Justice to create a more inclusive, responsive, and sustainable mechanism for resolving domestic violence cases in Indonesia. These findings are pivotal for policymakers in designing adaptive strategies to bridge the urban-rural divide and strengthen the justice system.

Association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and violence cases in South Korea: A nationwide time-stratified care-crossover study.

Several studies reported the roles of short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on violent behaviors; however, existing findings had a limitation in assessing the population-representative association between violence and PM2.5 due to the limited data availability: most studies have been based on homicides in monitored urban areas. This study collected violence data from the National Hospital Discharge In-depth Injury Survey in South Korea (2015-2019), based on population-representative samples. To cover unmonitored areas, we used the daily modeled PM2.5, the predicted result driven by a machine-learning ensemble model covering all inland districts in South Korea (R2>0.94). We evaluated the national association between short-term exposure to PM2.5 and violence cases with a time-stratified case-crossover design. A total of 2,867 violence cases were included. We found an approximately linear association between short-term exposure to PM2.5 (lag 0-2 days) and an increased risk of violence, with an estimated odd ratio (OR) per 10 μg/m3 of PM2.5 of 1.07 with 95% CI: 1.02-1.12. This relationship was more prominent in males and individuals aged 64 years or less than in females and individuals aged 65 years or older for the most part. The estimated excess fraction of violence cases attributable to PM2.5 was 14.53% (95% CI: 4.54%-22.92%), and 6.42% (95% CI: 1.97%-10.26%) of the excess violence was attributable to non-compliance with the WHO guidelines (daily PM2.5 > 15 μg/m3). Our findings might be evidence of the need to establish elaborate action plans and stricter air quality guidelines to reduce the hazardous impacts of PM2.5 on violence in South Korea.

Implementation of Restorative Justice Regarding Child Violence Cases in Law Enforcement in the Police

Objectives: This study examines the implementation of restorative justice, as outlined in police regulations, in handling cases of child sexual violence in Indonesia. It explores how restorative justice is applied to juvenile cases, prioritizing relationship restoration and social harmony over formal judicial processes. Theoretical Framework: Restorative justice is presented as an alternative justice approach that focuses on repairing harm among offenders, victims, and communities. In cases involving minors, this approach aims to safeguard children’s rights, reduce stigma, and support their reintegration into society through diversion processes. Method: The research adopts an empirical juridical approach, analyzing the practical application of laws in society. Data collection involves a juridical review of legal frameworks and qualitative data analysis through reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. Results and Discussion: The study finds that while restorative justice emphasizes dialogue, reconciliation, and accountability, its application often overlooks the psychological needs and holistic recovery of child victims. Sectoral egos and limited law enforcement capacity hinder effective implementation. Reoffending by offenders eliminates the option for restorative justice, necessitating formal legal proceedings. Despite offering amicable resolutions, victims retain the right to pursue further legal actions if justice remains unmet. Research Implications: This study underscores the need for enhanced training and support for law enforcement to fully integrate restorative justice principles and ensure victims’ holistic recovery. Inter-agency collaboration is critical to addressing implementation challenges. Originality/Value: The research offers insights into the limitations and potential improvements of restorative justice in addressing child violence cases, emphasizing the need for victim-centered approaches in Indonesia’s policing framework.

Parental Support in Psychological Rehabilitation of Child Victims of Sexual Violence: A Qualitative Study

Background: Sexual violence was the most common, Data from the Regional Technical Services Unit for the Protection of Women and Children (UPTD PPA) of Jember Regency showed that there were 75 cases of sexual violence against children in 2022 and 73 cases of sexual violence against children in 2023. This research aimed to analyse aspects of parental social support in the psychological rehabilitation of child victims of sexual violence in the Jember Regency. Methods: This research was qualitative research with a case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 3 main informants, which are parents of child victims of sexual violence with the age criteria of 7-18 years, 2 additional informants, which are family members or closest people from the victim's parents and 1 key informant, which the Regional Technical Services Unit for the Protection of Women and Children (UPTD PPA) of Jember Regency. Informants of this research are based on the willingness of informants to be interviewed in accordance with an ethical review of the confidentiality of informant information. Results: The results showed that parents had provided emotional support to child victims of sexual violence by reporting to the police; providing affection, instrumental support by fulfilling daily needs, informative support by giving advice to children, and providing appreciation support by accepting the child's condition, providing support to children to undergo rehabilitation so as not to experience prolonged trauma. Conclusion: Providing aspects of parental social support has been given to their children who are victims of sexual violence.

Problems of qualification of torture and humiliating or inhuman treatment in domestic violence cases according to the practice of the general courts of Georgia

Annotation: In the practice of general courts of Georgia, the problem of qualification of crime is not a rare case. This especially reffers to crimes between which to draw a line is difficult. Among such cases are the crimes provided for by articles 1441 (torture)[1] and 1443 (humiliation or inhuman treatment)[2] of the Criminal Code of Georgia. It is important to separate them - from each other and from other crimes. The scientific article presents the criminal law cases of the domestic violence[3] category, in which the above-mentioned problem appeared and which were considered by all three courts of Georgia. [1] The first part of Article 1441 of the Criminal Code of Georgia – “Torture, i.e. exposing a person, or a third person to such conditions or treating him/her in a manner that causes severe physical pain or psychological or moral anguish, and which aims to obtain information, evidence or confession, threaten or coerce, or punish the person for the act he/she or a third person has committed or has allegedly committed“. [2] The first part of Article 1443 of the Criminal Code of Georgia – “Humiliating or coercing a person, placing him/her in an inhuman, degrading and humiliating condition, which inflicts severe physical and psychological suffering on him/her”. [3] Article 111 of the Criminal Code of Georgia – “A domestic crime shall mean a crime under Articles 109, 115, 117, 118, 120, 126, 1331, 1332, 137-141, 143, 144-1443, 149-1511, 160, 171, 187, 253-2551, 3811 and 3812 of this Code, which is committed by one family member against another family member. Criminal liability for a domestic crime shall be determined according to an appropriate article of the Criminal Code of Georgia specified in this article, with reference to that article”. With the first part of the note of the same article – “For the purposes of this Code, the following persons shall be considered family members: a mother, father, grandfather, grandmother, spouse, person in an unregistered marriage, child (stepchild), foster child, foster carer (foster mother, foster father), stepmother, stepfather, grandchild, sister, brother, parent of the spouse, parent of the person in an unregistered marriage, spouse of the child (including the one in an unregistered marriage), former spouse, person who previously was in an unregistered marriage, guardian, custodian, supporter, person under guardianship and custodianship, beneficiary of support, as well as other persons that maintain or maintained a common household”.

PERAN BIDAN DALAM MENGHADAPI KEKERASAN TERHADAP PEREMPUAN: LITERATURE REVIEW

Violence against women is a complex health problem that can affect their lives and even those around them. Cases of violence against women have an impact on physical, psychological/mental, reproductive, and economic health and even have an effect on the health of children who are cared for by the mothers of victims of violence. The prevalence of violence against women in Indonesia in the Simfoni PPA data reported and recorded during 2020-2023 increased by 2,774 cases. Violence against women requires the active role of professional health workers, especially midwives, in conducting screening, approach and support, following up on collaborations/referrals, In addition, midwives must also develop themselves through special learning or training so that they are able to provide education to increase awareness. This study aimed to explore the management of midwifery implementation regarding violence against women. The method used in this literature review study is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist. Searches were conducted from PubMed, Science Direct, and Sage Journals to identify articles published between January 1, 2020, and May 1, 2024 with the keywords “violence against women, intimate partner violence, midwifery care of violence, health care of violence”. The results of the review from 703 journals obtained 9 relevant journals regarding the management of midwifery implementation including early detection through routine screening, training and education for midwives, collaboration/referral with various other sectors, empowering women, documentation, and evaluation.

Turning it on and off: a behavioural and situational comparison of non-fatal violence perpetrated by on- versus off-duty police officers

ABSTRACT Though research into police use of force continues to expand, analysis of off-duty police violence remains deficient and duty status comparisons of police violence are almost non-existent. Some argue that the broader policing context may ‘spill-over’ into off-duty settings, creating a consistency in police behaviour regardless of duty status. Others argue that off-duty police violence is vastly different from on-duty excessive force. The present study aimed to empirically compare extra-legal violence by police officers committed on- versus off-duty, to explore possible duty status differences in behaviours of the offending officers and the victims involved, as well as situational characteristics of the encounters. A sample of 119 cases (61 on-duty and 58 off-duty) of violence by Australian police officers that was determined to have violated law or policy was collected from open access sources (law reports and media articles) and content analysed. Chi-square analysis was used to select variables into three multivariate regression models to predict duty status from offender behaviour, victim behaviour, and individual/situational characteristics. A final regression model then included all resultant significant factors. The primary finding was the consistency across duty status in many aspects, particularly officer characteristics, despite some notable differences in context. The full model showed the factors most predictive of duty status to be offender verbal behaviour and handcuff use, and the situational characteristics of the number of offending officers present and whether the victim had been suspected of a crime. The behavioural consistency across duty status is discussed in terms of spill-over of police violence.

Legal Policy in Handling Domestic Violence The Role of Protection and Legal Institutions

Domestic violence (DV) is a complex phenomenon that stems from various social, cultural and economic aspects. Domestic violence includes not only physical violence but also psychological, sexual, and economic violence, all of which have a significant impact on victims and their families. The Indonesian government has issued various regulations and laws to combat domestic violence, such as Law No. 23/2004 on the Elimination of Domestic Violence. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal policies to combat domestic violence (KDRT) in Indonesia as well as the role of protection organizations and law enforcement agencies in providing support to victims. Domestic violence is a serious problem that requires comprehensive and systematic treatment. This research uses qualitative methods with analysis of policy documents, annual reports and statistics on domestic violence cases. The research results show that although there are supportive policies, their implementation is still not optimal due to lack of coordination between institutions, lack of resources and sensitivity of the judicial apparatus to domestic violence issues. Protection agencies play an important role in assisting and assisting victims, but limited financial and human resources hamper the effectiveness of these agencies. The study recommends increased training for law enforcement officers, increased funding for protection agencies as well as public education campaigns to increase awareness and participation in managing family violence. Collaboration between the government, protection agencies, law enforcement and the community is very important in creating a more effective and fair system for dealing with family violence.

EFFORTS OF THE WOMEN AND CHILDREN PROTECTION UNIT (PPA) IN RECOVERING PSYCHOLOGICAL AND DEEP TRAUMA IMPACTS ON VICTIMS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE AT THE LOMBOK TIMUR POLICE STATION

The Women and Children Protection Unit is one of the institutions responsible for upholding the law. The PPA Unit is required to participate in supporting the realization of protection and overcoming criminal acts of violence against children, therefore the government has passed Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection and Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence, so that the Women and Children Protection Unit of the East Lombok Resort Police is required to be able to assist in the process of resolving and dealing with criminal acts of violence against women and children. The aim of this research is to analyze and understand the optimization of the services of the Women and Children Protection Unit (PPA) in recovering from the psychological impacts and deep trauma of victims of sexual violence at the East Lombok Police and to analyze and understand the obstacles to the Women and Children Protection Unit (PPA) of the East Lombok Police in Providing Recovery Services for the Psychological Impact and Deep Trauma of Sexual Violence Victims. The research method used in this research is Empirical Law. The results of this research are that the number of women who experience sexual violence is still very high. The state in its constitution is responsible for the protection, promotion, enforcement and fulfillment of the human rights of every individual as explained in Article 28I of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The state's protection for victims of sexual violence can also be seen from the formation and ratification of the Law. Number 12 of 2022 concerning Crime of Sexual Violence. In handling cases of sexual violence, a Women and Children Protection Unit was formed, this unit is specialized in handling victims, witnesses or suspects involving women and children who require special handling. The efforts that have been made by this unit to deal with cases of violence experienced by women and children are non-penal and penal efforts. The PPA Unit's optimization of victim recovery can also be seen in the case handling process as well as collaboration with community institutions and psychologists. Obstacles to victims' recovery are quite frequent and pervasive in society

“To Be or Not to Be” a Conscientious Objector to Voluntary Abortion: An Italian Web-Survey of Healthcare Workers

Background and Objectives: Conscientious objection to voluntary abortion remains a hot debate topic. This could affect the accessibility to pregnancy termination. Our aim is to evaluate the possible aspects related to an operators’ choice about objection for voluntary abortion, such as the following: the abolition of the time limit, the instruction of a multi-collegiate commission, the introduction of pharmacological rather than surgical procedures, the fetal/maternal illness and the case of sexual violence. Materials and Methods: This is an observational, descriptive study that involves a cohort of Italian healthcare workers who answered a web-survey. Results: Of the total 352 respondents, only 20.8% affirmed to be objectors versus 79.2% of non-objectors. For the objectors, 72.2% declared that they would not change status in case of pharmacological abortion; 79.7% would not suspend their choice for interruption in the second trimester; 63.3% would suspend the objection with a multi-collegiate commission, and 69.0% would discontinue their objection in the case of sexual violence. 72.0% of the total participants declared that the abolition of the time limit could have a resecuring impact on women’s choice. Conclusions: Most operators declared that the abolition of the time limit could have beneficial effects. Among the objectors, the status would change especially with the introduction of a multi-collegiate commission, and in case of serious maternal/fetal illness and/or sexual violence.

Penggambaran Laki-Laki Sebagai Korban Kekerasan Seksual dalam Pemberitaan di Media Online

This research aims to see how men as victims of sexual violence are portrayed in the news. The depiction of men as victims of sexual violence is seen using the Theo Van Leeuwen model of critical discourse analysis and a gender perspective. This research uses a descriptive type qualitative approach with documentation data collection methods. The results of the research show that in the reporting carried out by the five online media with the highest percentage level of public trust, there were only 22 stories that discussed men as victims of sexual violence during the period January – December 2023. The process of depicting men as victims of sexual violence was also not found exclusion. In this research, discourse was found based on cases of sexual violence, which were categorized based on strategies in the inclusion process that depicted men as victims of sexual violence. The depiction of men as victims of sexual violence is based on the strategies found, there is an imbalance between the position of the perpetrator and men as victims of sexual violence in the reporting carried out by the five media. The media depicts revictimization or victimization over and over again.

Protection of Women's Rights Against Cases of Domestic Violence from an Islamic Perspective

Allah SWT created humans as the most perfect beings and in pairs, instilling affection within the bonds of marriage to achieve the ultimate goal of attaining His pleasure. However, marriage is not without challenges, and one significant issue is domestic violence, where women are often the primary victims. Such occurrences highlight a disregard for women's rights, which are an integral part of human rights. This study aims to explore the position and rights of women as human rights in Islam and examine the legal protections available in cases of domestic violence. Using a normative research method with a statutory approach, this study relies on secondary data collected through literature review and analyzed qualitatively for descriptive presentation. The findings reveal that Islam accords women a high and equal status with men, granting them rights that are fundamental to their humanity. Domestic violence against women is a clear violation of the principles outlined in the Qur'an, As-Sunnah, and Indonesia’s positive law.

Effectiveness of Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning Criminal Acts of Sexual Violence in Cases of Gender-Based Violence

Gender-based violence is a social phenomenon that has existed since ancient times and has become increasingly prevalent lately. In fact, gender-based violence is increasing, both in terms of number, form and modus operandi which are increasingly diverse. The Law on the Crime of Sexual Violence is considered to still require more nuances in the definition and details of sexual violence, does not provide a guarantee of safety and protection for victims and also does not fully consider an adequate gender perspective. The research method uses a descriptive normative legal research type, and the data is analyzed qualitatively. Drawing conclusions uses deductive logic. The purpose of the study is to describe the effectiveness of the Law on the Crime of Sexual Violence against cases of gender-based violence. The results of the study indicate that the existence of the Law on the Crime of Sexual Violence is still not fully effective because it is seen from the increasing cases of gender-based violence every year. It is recommended that there needs to be a strong commitment from law enforcement to consistently apply the rules of the Law on the Crime of Sexual Violence to support the effectiveness of the Law on the Crime of Sexual Violence.

Interpreting Power, Grooming, and Deception in Sexual Violence Cases: A Hermeneutic Study on Legal Challenges in Indonesia

Interpreting Power, Grooming, and Deception in Sexual Violence Cases: A Hermeneutic Study on Legal Challenges in Indonesia

Evaluation of Abortion Measures in Government Regulation No. 28 of 2024 on The Right to Life of the Fetus From a Human Rights Perspective

Indonesia has legalized abortion under certain conditions, such as pregnancy resulting from rape, through Government Regulation No. 28/2004. This policy has sparked heated debate because it contradicts the principle of protecting the right to life of the fetus. This study aims to provide a complex overview of the issue of abortion in Indonesia and its implications for human rights. The method used is normative legal research. This research is conducted by examining library materials or secondary data. The two approaches used are a statutory approach related to the legal issue of abortion and a conceptual approach to examine the medical legal understanding of abortion due to rape. Cases of sexual violence and rape in Indonesia are still high. In 2023, Komnas Perempuan recorded 2,078 cases of sexual violence, of which 143 were rapes. Abortion, in this context, is often used as a solution to address unwanted pregnancies. This research shows that while Government Regulation No. 28 of 2024 provides legitimacy to abortion, it is still contrary to the right to life of the fetus guaranteed by law. While abortion is considered a violation of the right to life, this policy is also considered a protection for women victims of sexual violence. Despite arguments to protect women's rights, the right to life of the fetus as a non-derogable right should not be ignored. Therefore, there needs to be a review of this regulation to ensure that all human rights, including the right to life of the fetus, are optimally protected.

Pengaruh Angka Perceraian di Pulau Jawa Akibat Kasus Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga

Pengaruh Angka Perceraian di Pulau Jawa Akibat Kasus Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga

TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF REPORTS OF INTERPERSONAL AND SELF-HARM VIOLENCE AGAINST THE ELDERLY IN BRAZIL

Violence against the elderly is an increasingly frequent phenomenon, both in developed and developing countries. In Brazil, in 2011, universal reporting of violence was implemented for some vulnerable groups, including the elderly. This study aims to describe the characteristics of reported cases and assess the trend in reporting of violence against the elderly in Brazil. A time series study of reported cases of violence against people aged 60 and over in Brazil between 2011 and 2023 was conducted. Between 2011 and 2023, 249,770 cases of violence against people aged 60 and over were reported in Brazil, of which 141,639 (56.7%) were women and 108,131 (43.3%) were men. Most of the violence occurred in the home (71.05%) and was classified as self-harm (13.79%). The use of physical force stands out (54.54%), followed by neglect/abandonment (28.52%). During this period, there was an increase in the reporting rates of violence against elderly people from 25.8 to 133.8 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (AAPC = 12.1), both for self-inflicted violence and interpersonal violence. In order to guarantee full citizenship for elderly people, health services must be alert to all forms of violence, establishing, in addition to reporting the case, access to comprehensive care, in addition to prevention actions.

Faktor Penyebab dan Upaya Penanggulangan Disparitas Putusan Bagi Pelaku Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual di Wilayah Hukum Pengadilan Negeri Kelas I A Kupang

The judge's decision is a vital aspect needed to resolve criminal cases. The judge's authority and power are so great in deciding cases that result in disparities in verdicts in cases where the weight of the crime is the same, namely cases of sexual violence against children. This research is an empirical juridical research, so the data sources used are primary data sources, secondary data sources and tertiary data sources. Primary data sources are obtained through the results of research in the field, secondary data is obtained through literature, laws, and other literature, and tertiary data is obtained through dictionaries, mass media, and the internet. The data were analyzed in a descriptive-qualitative manner. The results of the study show that: (1) the factors that cause the disparity in punishment for perpetrators of sexual violence are internal factors and external factors of judges. (2) efforts to overcome disparities in the verdicts of sexual violence crimes which include repressive efforts and preventive efforts.

MEMBANGUN KESADARAN HUKUM TENTANG KEKERASAN SEKSUAL BERBASIS GENDER BAGI SISWA-SISWI DI SMP PGRI RUTAH

The urgency of recognizing early childhood sexual violence, including students in the world of education, aims to prevent and protect cases of sexual violence, both in the personal realm and the public realm that make children victims of sexual violence. community service program activities are carried out by providing socialization about sexual violence as well as socializing Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning Criminal Acts of Sexual Violence. After that, it was continued with a question and answer session from the participants, and the formation of agents of change among PGRI Rutah Junior High School students. After being agreed upon with the school leadership, on the appointed day, the team and students came to the PKM location. The activity was divided into 2 sessions, first, an introduction to violence, sexual violence, and the scope of sexual violence to PGRI Rutah Junior High School students. Second, a question and answer session as an interaction between participants and instructors. The activities carried out were very interesting for the students of SMP PGRI Rutah. The enthusiasm of these students was shown in the form of various questions about the material presented by the service team. This activity also collaborates with the Intra-School Student Organization (OSIS) which inaugurates 35 students as agents of change, prevention and recognition of sexual violence both in the