Violation Of Traffic Rules Research Articles

Inclusive intervention design for vulnerable road users: Applying co-design and behaviour change model in Bangladesh

In developing countries, it is debatable whether poor design of facilities or violation of traffic rules by road users is the leading cause of pedestrian injuries and deaths. Professionals, pedestrians and drivers tend to blame each other. Shared responsibility for road safety is crucial for protecting vulnerable road users such as commuting students and workers who face higher injury risks while crossing highways. While the Safe System approach emphasises authorities’ responsibility for safe facilities, understanding user needs and promoting behaviour change remain underexplored. This study investigates the current design practices in Bangladesh. It compares the impact of conventional design with co-design on intervention quality and examines the further benefits of integrating a behaviour change model ‘COM-B’.Local road agency professionals applied the design process and suggested interventions at four highway sites. Subsequently, four focus group sessions were conducted with students and workers, followed by four design workshops. In each workshop, participants were randomly assigned to two design groups (without and with the application of the behaviour change model), where they designed interventions facilitated by professionals. Lastly, perception ratings of stakeholders and safety assessments by four experts were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of all interventions.The findings highlight major usability problems in conventional designs, while co-designed interventions demonstrate clear improvements. Notably, integrating a behaviour change model further enhances effectiveness. Stakeholder interviews reveal that co-design fosters shared responsibility and addresses the blame culture. The co-design approach and application of the behaviour change model can address design flaws and promote the proper use of facilities.

An improved variant of quantitative randomized response techniques using forced responses

The randomized response technique has gained a wide popularity among survey researchers over the past few decades. Randomized response procedure is applicable in a variety of fields including sociology, psychology, business, and education, etc. It is a useful method which helps the researcher in dealing with the high non-response rates in sample surveys on sensitive issues such as monthly income, traffic rules violations, income tax amount, and expenditure on luxury items, etc. We introduce an optimal scrambling technique which uses forced responses. The algebraic properties of the estimator of population mean using the suggested technique have been derived. For the purpose of comparison with existing models, the different measures of model-evaluation have been obtained. Our analysis suggests that the new quantitative technique using forced responses is better than the available scrambling techniques not only in efficiency, but also in the combined metric of model’s efficiency and level of privacy, which make it more useful than the available models for practical problems. Using real-world example, we illustrate its practical implementation to sensitive sample surveys.

Socioeconomic and behavioral factors of road traffic accidents among drivers in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta analysis

BackgroundRoad traffic accidents (RTAs) are a pressing public health issue in Ethiopia, exacerbated by rapid urbanization and motorization. Despite efforts, escalating rates persist due to various factors like human behavior and road infrastructure deficiencies. This study addresses the need for comprehensive data on RTAs in Ethiopia, aiming to uncover socioeconomic and behavioral factors to inform evidence-based policies.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted from March to April 2024, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. Major databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library were searched using specific keywords related to RTAs and Ethiopia. Studies conducted between 2014 and 2024 were included, with eligibility criteria. Data extraction followed a standardized Microsoft Excel format. Study quality was assessed using the JBI checklist, with high-quality articles included. Statistical analysis, conducted using STATA version 17, included descriptive analysis, forest plots for RTA prevalence, and examination of publication bias using Egger and Begs tests. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression explored moderating factors and sources of heterogeneity.ResultsThe systematic review identified eight studies meeting inclusion criteria, conducted between 2014 and 2022. RTA prevalence was 36% (95% CI: 23; 49). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the estimated prevalence. Publication bias was detected via Egger’s test, though Begg’s test was non-significant. Meta-regression found no significant influence of publication year or sample size on RTA prevalence. Socioeconomic factors like income level and driving experience, alongside behavioral factors like traffic rule violations and substance use, were identified as key drivers of RTAs in Ethiopia.ConclusionsThe study highlights the significant burden of road traffic accidents in Ethiopia, influenced by socioeconomic and behavioral factors. Socioeconomic factors such as income level and driving experience, along with behavioral factors like traffic rule violations and substance use, emerged as prominent determinants of RTAs. Policymakers should prioritize evidence-based interventions targeting these factors to improve road safety nationwide.

Анализ состояния дорожно-транспортного травматизма, связанный со средствами индивидуальной мобильности в Хабаровском крае

This scientific article analyzes the situation related to road accidents occurring with personal vehicles in the Khabarovsk Territory. The analysis found that the main factors influencing the level of road accidents are speeding, violation of traffic rules and improper behavior of drivers. Most accidents occur with the participation of motorcycles, scooters and bicycles, which indicates insufficient road culture of the owners of such vehicles Purpose: to analyze the state of road traffic injuries associated with personal mobility devices in the Khabarovsk Territory. Methods: statistical analysis of data on road accidents in the Khabarovsk Territory for 2022. Results: dased on the results obtained, specific measures were proposed aimed at reducing the number of road accidents in the Khabarovsk Territory. One of the main directions of work is conducting educational work among the population about the need to comply with traffic rules and responsible behavior on the roads. Also important is the improvement of road infrastructure and the creation of safe conditions for the movement of pedestrians and cyclists. Practical importance: in general, the results of this study can be recommended to government agencies and road safety specialists when developing programs to reduce road accidents in the Khabarovsk Territory.

Некоторые особенности осмотра места происшествия по уголовным делам о нарушении правил дорожного движения и эксплуатации транспортных средств

Currently, in conditions of intensive development of infrastructure, the main component of which is transport, one of the main tasks of the state remains to ensure road safety. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1-r dated 08.01.2018 approved the Road Safety Strategy in the Russian Federation for 2018-2024, which defines the foundations for the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of road safety at various levels (federal, regional, municipal, intersectoral). Improving road safety and striving to achieve zero deaths in road accidents in 2030 is its goal. For 2024, the social risk indicator has been set as a target – no more than 4 deaths per 100,000 people. The article analyzes some features of the inspection of the scene of an accident in criminal cases of violation of traffic rules and operation.

Socio-Economic Impacts Resulting From The Integration Of Artificial Intelligence Into Electronic Surveillance Systems In Traffic

In the last decade, electronic surveillance systems have been actively employed for monitoring traffic rule violations with the aim of enhancing traffic regulation. The utilization of these systems has resulted in increased compliance with traffic regulations, consequently leading to a reduction in losses attributed to traffic accidents. The impact created by these systems is expected to be further amplified through the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) support. Within the scope of this study, a detailed analysis of the socio-economic impact of AI-assisted Electronic Traffic Monitoring Systems has been conducted, focusing on economic, mobility, health, environmental, and quality of life aspects.

Activities of the militia in Ukraine to ensure road safety in the 1950s

In the 1950s, the daily functions of the militia continued to include combating violations of street traffic rules and controlling the decrease in motor vehicle accidents. The accident rate on the roads of the republic at that time remained high. An analysis of the current state of road safety shows that the level of accidents, injuries and deaths on the roads was influenced by such objective factors as the level of development of the regulatory framework, the technical condition of vehicles, the level of development of the road network, its quality, and weather and climatic conditions. Subjective factors included the level of legal culture of road users (drivers and pedestrians), the degree of their readiness to participate in traffic, the professional qualifications and material and technical equipment of the employees of the State Automobile Inspection. During this period, state bodies carried out significant, but ambiguous in quality, rule-making work, the purpose of which was to develop measures aimed at improving both objective and subjective conditions that affected the state of road safety and were of a mutually agreed nature. The established driver training mechanism was one of the important components of the effective operation of the road safety system. Therefore, the activities of state bodies, in particular the State Automobile Inspection of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Ukrainian SSR, were aimed at forming not only stable skills in driving vehicles among the drivers, but also behavioral stereotypes that require compliance with legal norms in the field of road safety. At the same time, it was necessary to develop and legally establish criteria for assessing the quality of their training in the relevant institutions. Militia bodies carried out quite active work to improve the situation with road accidents, which included measures of administrative influence, involvement of the public in monitoring violations of traffic rules, various propaganda activities, but its effectiveness was ultimately insignificant.

Ефективність заходів щодо запобігання дорожньо-транспортним пригодам: огляд сучасних стратегій та підходів

This article investigates the problem of road traffic accidents (RTA) and reviews current strategies and approaches to prevent and reduce them. The significance of this problem is that the health of road users and the safety of vehicle traffic on roads is one of the most important global societal issues, especially with the continuous growth in the number of vehicles and the pace of urban activity. The article examines various aspects of road traffic accident prevention, including legal, technical, psychological and educational measures. It analyzes current trends in the development and implementation of road safety programs, as well as successful practices to reduce the number of accidents and injuries on the roads. Based on a study of the effectiveness of various strategies and programs aimed at reducing the number of accidents and casualties in traffic accidents, the article provides information on which measures are most effective and how they can be implemented in different contexts. In addition, it emphasizes the importance of cooperation between the authorities, public organizations and citizens in implementing road safety. The article also discusses in detail the importance of preventive measures, which may include educational campaigns and awareness-raising activities on vehicle safety on the roads. It also analyzes the legal norms and penalties for violations of traffic rules and the possibility of studying and using the experience of other countries, in particular Poland, in ensuring the safety of vehicles on the roads. The concluding part of the article discusses the prospects for the future development of road safety systems and the challenges that may arise in the future. The findings of this study can be useful for policy makers, researchers, and road safety professionals to improve road safety and reduce the number of road traffic accidents.

Administrative Prejudicial Effect as a Way of Criminalization using Criminal Liability for Violation of Traffic Rules as a Case Study (Article 264.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)

The logical consequence of recognizing administrative prejudicial effect as a form of criminalization is the need, when deciding on the validity of criminalizing repeated acts that initially entail administrative responsibility, to establish the existence of a basis for criminalization, which is considered to be the necessary degree of public danger. The author conducts an analysis of empirical data for 2013–2022 characterizing administrative offenses related to exceeding the established speed limit over 40 km per hour, as well as entering the lane intended for oncoming traffic. This makes it possible to assert at least the absence of an increase in the degree of public harm to the level of public danger (due to the consistent systematic reduction of a number of indicators of punishability, as well as the absence of an increase in injuries and deaths as a result of violations of these traffic rules for the entire analyzed period). Recognizing the absence as such of objective prerequisites for criminal law interference in the sphere of administrative law regulating the analyzed legal relations, it is worth recommending that the legislator pay close attention to the possibilities available within the framework of administrative legislation (including the prospect of establishing appropriate types and sizes of punishment to a greater extent), and the law enforcement officer — to the issues of the enforceability of punishment in the form of a fine. In order to take effective measures against the most serious offenders, it would be more correct to establish a differentiated scale of punishability depending on the fact of repetition of an administrative offense. This approach will make it possible to avoid the conceptual and law enforcement problems of «transferring» responsibility for a recurring offense to the criminal law.

Survey of driver's functional state change, considering movement through mountain passes

According to traffic accident statistics, the main causes are violations of traffic rules. Based on scientific research, it is clear that the main reason for these events is the drivers' incorrect assessment of the road situation and their inadequate response. Assessing road conditions depends on drivers' qualifications, skills, work experience, reaction time, and other physiological factors. The functional state of drivers is important to consider. It reflects their ability to work reliably and affects both fatigue levels and how fatigue builds up. Factors that impact decision-making speed and quality are crucial when evaluating the risks of the transportation process, particularly those associated with human behavior. This study investigates the safety of freight transportation for drivers, road users, third parties, and the environment. The study focuses on road traffic characteristics in mountainous conditions at high altitudes. The study aims to analyze how drivers' performance is affected while navigating challenging sections of mountain roads in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Four different routes will be examined. The research will provide graphic analysis of the results. It will show the main patterns of changes in drivers' functional state based on the route's complexity. The research aims to analyze indicators of drivers' functional state and their impact on their performance reliability. It allows for a more detailed evaluation of transport routes and planning of truck drivers' work and rest schedules on suburban routes.

Состояние опьянения как признак транспортных преступлений

One of the most difficult issues of the qualification of transport crimes in investigative and judicial practice is still the issue of assessing violations of traffic rules and (or) operation of vehicles, as well as other requirements of transport safety, committed while intoxicated, and associated with the abandonment of the place of a traffic accident by the culprit. These signs have long been in the area of close attention not only of the legislator and law enforcement officer, but also of the entire scientific community, nevertheless, they have not yet received a proper exhaustive interpretation both in theory and in the norms of the law themselves. The article attempts to resolve the accumulated contradictions, formulates proposals for improving the criminal law mechanism for countering criminal accidents in transport caused by persons who are intoxicated.

Very Low Level Flight Rules for Manned and Unmanned Aircraft Operations

An analysis of the development of legal regulations regarding unmanned civil aviation leads to the conclusion that the current air traffic rules are among the key issues that require amending. Are drones allowed to fly at any height? Can drones fly freely over a person’s house or garden, several meters above the ground? What is the minimum allowable height for drone flights? The method of study consisted of content analysis of the existing legislation. Current doctrines were confronted with the existing regulations, documents, materials, safety reports, and statistics. The results of the study show that the existing air traffic rules, precisely in the case of aircraft operations performed by manned and unmanned aviation at very low heights, are definitely practical in nature. First, in most countries violations of air traffic rules are prohibited acts subject to criminal penalty. Second, determining the principles of air traffic for air operations is of crucial importance for determining legally permissible interference in property ownership. The urban air mobility is outside the scope of this research.

Implementation of Vehicle Detection and Tracking Model Using YOLO and DeepSORT for Controlling Traffic Rule Violation

The field of computer vision has advanced significantly in the last several years, especially in the areas of object tracking and detection. This research offers a thorough analysis of the use of a vehicle tracking and detection model that makes use of DeepSORT (Deep Simple Online and Realtime Tracking) for tracking and YOLOv8 (You Only Look Once version 8) for detection. By combining these state-of-the-art methods, it will be possible to track and identify vehicles in a variety of situations in real-time, improving surveillance and traffic management as well as autonomous vehicle navigation. This project intends to develop computer vision applications in the transportation and surveillance sectors by means of a thorough examination and experimentation.

Violation of road traffic safety rules: theoretical and practical considerations

Synthesizing the phenomenon of road accidents in recent years, it is revealed that they are included in the group of negative phenomena with major implications in the development of relations at the social level. Statistically, it has been highlighted that, as a result of road accidents, there are losses of both human lives and particularly important financial values, which states that the Republic of Moldova is among the countries with a high risk of victimization.

Perception of drivers toward road safety and factors that cause road accidents in Riyadh city of Saudi Arabia

Injury as a result of road traffic accidents (RTA) is one of the leading causes of death and disability-adjusted life years. Strategies to handle this major public health problem, which has significant consequences for the Saudi economy and families, have been underway for many years but with very little success. This study’s main aim is to determine respondents’ perceptions of traffic safety and the factors that lead to road traffic accidents. It is a cross-sectional study conducted on randomly selected university students, faculty drivers, and visitors using King Saud University’s parking facility. Data were collected from 381 drivers using a pretested questionnaire, which comprises questions intended to attain the study’s objectives. The critical factors affecting traffic safety are public information followed by road maintenance, Garage, vehicle inspection, Road design and equipment, Training of drivers, Sanctions and Police enforcement, Protective devices and vehicle design, and post-accidental care. Road traffic accidents were found to be 39.0% with respondents aged less than 20 years, followed by ages between 20–35 years, which was 34.8%, and only 2.4% above 50 years. The most frequent occurrence of road traffic accidents was angle collision (39.0%) and back collision (18.9%), followed by hitting a fixed object (17.7%). Distraction habits during driving include cell phone usage (56.7%), followed by smoking (24.4%), and eating and drinking (18.9%) while driving. The most common traffic violations were increased speed limit (48.1) and loss of driving license (11.8%). The most common injuries were head (39.0%) and limbs (22.0%). A significant association between drivers’ age during the accident and distraction habits has been found (p < 0.000). The study demonstrated that drinking/eating, cell phone use, and violation of traffic rules are significant reasons for RTA. The findings of this study will contribute to a more comprehensive knowledge of road traffic accidents for the formation of effective strategies and evidence-based policies for the prevention of accidents.

Traffic Rules Violation Detection using Dashcam Footage

Traffic Rules Violation Detection using Dashcam Video Footage offers a novel strategy for improving traffic management and road safety through automated violation identification and reporting. The project's goal is to create a video processing system that can use dashcam data to identify and classify frequent traffic infractions. The system can recognize traffic infractions including speeding, lane changes without signaling, helmet recognition, and instances of triple riding on two-wheelers with high accuracy thanks to its integration of YOLO, OpenCV and RESNET50 classifier. The project also includes functionality for user account management and the implementation of a secure user authentication system. Users can examine and validate complete violation reports generated by the system prior to submission. The outcomes show a low false positive rate, rapid real-time processing, and good detection accuracy. Law enforcement organizations have shown. This initiative is an example of how important technical innovation is to solving societal issues and advancing public safety. Key Words: YOLO (You Only Look Once), OpenCV, ResNet50 (Residual Neural Network), Dashcam Video Footage.

The Classification of Work and Offenses of Professional Drivers from Slovakia and the Czech Republic

To achieve the elimination of the negative impacts of transport on road safety, the European Union is taking various measures resulting from its commitment to improve road safety. The main objective of this paper is to assess the impact of social legislation on road transport safety using real research and to identify the factors influencing the violation of the legislation depending on the type of transport carried out in domestic or international road freight transport. Answers from the respondents are used in the segmentation of truck drivers based on input data describing the factors influencing the violation of traffic rules. Two-step cluster analysis is a suitable method for the segmentation of truck drivers based on input data. These data are obtained through a questionnaire from a total of 472 Czech and Slovak truck drivers. The results show that the optimal number of types of truck drivers with different characteristics is four. All of the clusters are described and compared. The majority of truck drivers do not violate social legislation for several reasons, such as traffic accidents (almost 67%), complications in meeting the loading or unloading deadline (less than 88%), poorly planned transport routes (more than 90%) and driving home (almost 80%).

МЕХАНІЗМ КРИМІНАЛЬНОГО ПРАВОПОРУШЕННЯ, ПОВ’ЯЗАНОГО З ПОРУШЕННЯМ ПРАВИЛ БЕЗПЕКИ ДОРОЖНЬОГО РУХУ ТА ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЇ ТРАНСПОРТУ ОСОБАМИ, ЯКІ КЕРУЮТЬ ТРАНСПОРТНИМИ ЗАСОБАМИ

Інтеграція теорії кримінального права і судової практики обумовлює необхідність дослідження механізму кримінального правопорушення, зокрема пов’язаного з порушенням правил безпеки дорожнього руху та експлуатації транспорту. У наданому понятті механізму ключовим елементом визнано протиправну діяльність суб’єкта правопорушення, а також розглянуто спосіб, обстановку та інші його ознаки. Вказано на методологічне значення такого механізму для юридичного аналізу вказаних діянь.

The specifics of the subjects of crimes with administrative prejudice in the field of road safety

The subject of this study is the key features of the perpetrators of crimes against road safety, the legal construct of which is made using administrative law. The special status of persons committing crimes of this kind is emphasized by gross disregard for the rules established by law, disregard for the regulations in force against them. Based on the analysis of statistical indicators of road traffic accidents caused by drivers of vehicles, the public danger of committing such criminal acts is justified. These acts imply the onset of criminal consequences only if the person who committed them has special features. The emphasis in this case is on the increased danger of the subjects themselves committing intentional violations of traffic rules, referring them to the malicious type of violators with legal nihilism. To define the concepts of this study, a dialectical methodology was used; in order to comprehensively understand the key features of subjects of crimes with administrative prejudice in the field of road safety, elements of sociological methodology were used. In the study of individual issues, private scientific methods were used, such as formal legal and comparative legal. The results of the conducted research are presented by the classification of signs possessed by the subjects of crimes with administrative prejudice in the field of road safety, their characteristics are given. The connection between the administrative prejudice and the subject as an element of the corpus delicti is substantiated, which, first of all, is justified by the assessment of the social danger of the offender and the choice of a preventive measure commensurate with the social danger of the offender. An important role in assessing public danger is played by determining the psychological portrait of the person who committed the crime, which covers the chronology of his administrative offenses and the frequency of violations of the same prescription. Based on the data obtained about the subject of the crime, the principles of proportionality of punishment and personal responsibility are implemented. In this case, these principles imply the influence of administrative prejudice on the fair distribution of sanctions, and previous administrative offenses aggravate the responsibility of the person.

Attention deficit disorders in adults

Among the disorders that are most extensively investigated in medicine, especially in pediatrics, ADHD is considered a neuro-psychiatric disorder with multifactorial development, based on genetic predisposition and neurobiological disruptions. Epidemiological data indicate a global prevalence of 5.29% among individuals under 18 years of age, and recent analysis documents a prevalence of 2.5% in adults.1 Although previously it was considered that it remits in childhood or during adolescence, long-term studies on the term of children and prospective studies on adults with ADHD have shown that the disorder persists even into adulthood.2 In general, problems related to ADHD include, for children, a higher risk of poor school performance, lower academic achievements, lower grades, school suspensions, and extracurricular difficulties. In the case of adolescents, they may experience strained relationships with family, school dropout, aggression, conduct problems, and substance experimentation and abuse. In the case of adults, there may be accidents related to driving and violations of traffic rules, social difficulties in relationships, marriage, and employment.2 ADHD and comorbid depression are frequently reported, with prevalence rates in individuals with ADHD ranging from 18.6% to 53.3%.3 Similarly, studies have documented comorbidity between ADHD and depressive disorders with rates ranging from 9% to 16%, with a median rate of 7.8%.4