Traffic Law Violations Research Articles

국제 비교를 통한 교통법규 위반 범칙금 수준 분석

Punishment for violations of road traffic laws is mostly imposed in the form of financial sanctions such as fines. While Korea's per capita gross product has increased by 264% over the past 30 years, fines for violating traffic laws have not changed, and as a result, some point out that the unrealistic financial penalties level does not function properly as a deterrent to violations. Accordingly, this study attempted to compare the fines for traffic law violations in major countries and Korea and suggest an appropriate increase level. Since there are differences in income scale, prices, and currency values from country to country, to control this, economic indicators such as GDP per capita, minimum wage, comparative price level, and Big Mac index were used to compare financial penalties levels under the assumption that income and price levels were the same. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that, except for drunk driving, the financial penalties level in Korea is at least 2 to 3 times lower, and in particular, the financial penalties for speeding is about 5 to 7 times lower. In light of these results, it seems that the level of fines for violations of traffic laws in Korea needs to be reexamined. However, the low level of sanctions does not necessarily represent the need for strengthening regulations, so it is time for additional research and social discussion to establish appropriate measures to increase fines in the future.

Drivers’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Towards Traffic Rules and Regulations

Research frequently reports that the majority of crashes (up to 80%), are the fault of drivers. Further, the WHO reports that most fatal crashes occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). In LMIC, including Pakistan, most drivers have low levels of knowledge about traffic rules and regulations, have negative attitudes towards rules and regulations and often violate road safety rules. This study used a structured survey of drivers in Karachi, Pakistan (n=260). Most respondents were aware that helmet use for motorbike riders is compulsory (74.6%), agreed it was important to follow road signs (74.2%) and wear a seat belt (64.6%). However, over half did not know the speed limit in residential areas (54.6%) and almost half considered drug use when driving was not dangerous or were against the penalty or fine for violation of traffic laws (45.4%). In addition, 45.8% of all drivers thought driving licenses were unnecessary. This study suggests there may be low levels of driver knowledge of certain road rules (e.g. speed limit), negative attitudes about certain safe driving practices (drug driving), and low levels of value placed on driving license in Karachi, Pakistan. Analysis suggest that knowledge and attitude affect driver practices in Karachi, Pakistan. Strengthening enforcement and related public communication measures about traffic rules and greater penalties that are sufficiently deterring for the violators of the traffic rules is needed. There must also be a formal mechanism to issue the driving licence after a proper test of the knowledge of road rules and driving following those rules.

Penegakan Hukum Pelanggaran Lalu Lintas Merokok Saat Berkendara Oleh Satuan Lalu Lintas Polresta Bukittinggi

The development of road transport infrastructure has an important role in supporting economic activities, but on the other hand it gives rise to various problems regarding traffic law violations, accidents, etc. To prevent this, law enforcement officers are needed who have the authority and responsibility for state security and order, namely the State Police of the Republic of Indonesia as stated in their main duties, namely Law Number 2 of 2022 concerning the State Police of the Republic of Indonesia. Motor vehicle accident cases that occur in Indonesia have attracted a lot of public attention. One of them is caused by the driver not focusing when driving the vehicle. An action that is often carried out by motorbike riders is smoking while driving. There are already regulations prohibiting smoking while driving, which are contained in the Regulation of the Minister of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 12 of 2019 Article 6C. The research will analyze the law enforcement process for smoking while driving traffic violations by the Bukittinggi Police Traffic Unit and its obstacles and efforts to overcome these obstacles. This research includes library research, the approach method is empirical juridical, in the real sense and examines the law in society and how the law relates to society. The data required is primary and secondary data, collected through interviews, documents and literature review. The results of the research show that the public does not yet have the awareness of smoking-free driving, while the law enforcement provided by the police is only limited to warnings, this makes drivers continue to commit traffic violations due to the lack of strict law enforcement provided. Even though the regulations exist, law enforcement is still weak, in terms of community habits and law enforcement officers.

TRAFFIC CRIMES

The topic of traffic crimes is a growing concern in many countries, including Brazil, due to serious accidents, injuries, and deaths resulting from violations of traffic laws. The aim of this work is to analyze the characteristics and main differences between intentional and negligent crimes, as well as their application to traffic offenses. The distinction between intentional and negligent crimes in traffic offenses lies in the presence or absence of intent, which is the deliberate and conscious will to commit the crime, according to current legislation. The classification of a traffic offense as intentional or negligent depends on a detailed analysis of the circumstances of each specific case, taking into account factors such as the conduct of the agent, the resulting outcome, the causal link, and the agent’s culpability, based on court precedents. The development of this work highlights that traffic offenses are classified in the Brazilian Traffic Code (CTB) and can be categorized as intentional or negligent, depending on the conduct of the agent and the resulting outcome. Intentional crimes occur when the driver acts with the intention of causing the outcome, while negligent crimes occur when the driver behaves negligently, recklessly, or in an unskilled manner, resulting in a traffic accident. The reference work used in this study emphasizes the importance of considering the presence or absence of intent in differentiating between intentional and negligent crimes in traffic offenses and underscores the need for an individualized analysis of each case. This research employed a bibliographic review methodology, which was essential to provide a theoretical foundation for the study and identify gaps and research opportunities on this topic. In conclusion, the application of intent or negligence to a specific case will depend on the evidence presented to the judge, both by the Public Prosecutor’s Office at the time of indictment and by the defense during the presentation of the response to the charges. Thus, the classification of the conduct ceases to be of an objective nature and becomes subjectively evaluated by the judge.

PERSIAN traffic safety and health cohort: a population-based precrash cohort study

PurposeDespite to high burden of road traffic injuries (RTIs), the RTI epidemiology has received less attention with rare investments on robust population cohorts. The PERSIAN Traffic Safety and Health Cohort...

Law Enforcement Against Traffic Law Violations Committed by Students in Ternate City

Traffic rules are created to guard the safety of everyone who travels on vehicles on the road every day. Rampantly occurring traffic violations that evoke concerns in society are traffic violations committed by students. This paper aims to analyze the factors that influence law enforcement against traffic law violations committed by students in the legal area of the Ternate City Police Resort Traffic Unit as well as the efforts carried out to prevent events of traffic law violations by students. This research used the empirical research design. It was an approach model in the form of an action to see the legal reality in society. In this research, the researchers collected the data using field research, literary study, and documentation methods. From these three types of data collection, the data obtained were divided into two, namely primary and secondary data. Research found that the factors which influence law enforcement against traffic law violations committed by students in the legal area of Ternate City Police Resort Traffic Unit are the family factor, the education factor, and the environmental factor. Legal efforts that may be applied to prevent the occurrence of traffic law violations committed by students in the legal area of Ternate City Police Resort Traffic Unit are: (1) Preventive efforts, by organizing socializations especially for parents to always supervise their children and prevent them from driving motorized vehicles as underage children are not eligible to obtain a driver’s license, as according to the law, a person must be at least 17 years old to obtain it and (2) Repressive efforts by giving a warning to students that violate the traffic laws. If perpetrators still commit violations after obtaining a warning, they will obtain a ticket

Evaluating the impacts of the demerit points system on traffic law violations and driver involvement in road accidents in Israel

Demerit points systems (DPS) have been used in many countries as a means for improving road safety, by monitoring traffic law violations of drivers and applying corrective measures to repeat offenders, while knowledge on their safety impacts is yet incomplete. This study examined the DPS impacts on committing traffic offenses and accident involvement of drivers, in Israel, based on files of the national Licensing Authority and complementary accident files. Models were developed to evaluate changes in violation and accident rates of drivers, who underwent the DPS corrective measures, in after the treatment related to the before period, and accounting for changes observed in the matched comparison-groups. The findings showed that during the three-year period after the measures' implementation, the decrease in committing violations was of 70%, and simultaneously, there was a decrease in drivers' accident involvement, on average, of 1% in severe accidents and of 11% in total injury accidents. The effects were consistent across various groups of drivers by the corrective measures applied and the type of license. The study results support the continued use of the DPS, to improve drivers' behaviors and road safety. To increase its impacts at the national level, the DPS implementation should be supported by stable police enforcement and publicity efforts.

Exploring traffic accidents patterns: Spatial distribution and socio-economic determinants

<p class="Els-keywords">This study employs a machine learning methodology, specifically the decision tree algorithm, in conjunction with the Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS), to conduct a rigorous analysis of traffic accident data. The research aims to investigate various factors associated with traffic accidents, with a particular emphasis on their spatial distribution and the socio-economic determinants contributing to recurring accidents caused by drivers. The study focuses on the city of Duhok, located in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and utilizes a questionnaire to collect data from drivers regarding accident locations and the frequency of accidents within the past decade (from 2010 to 2020). The findings of the study reveal that the city center experiences the highest concentration of accidents, while severe collisions tend to occur in specific “black spots” scattered across the city’s road network. The decision tree model, employed to classify drivers with multiple accidents, identifies the primary causes of accidents as traffic conditions, traffic law violations, and overspeeding. Furthermore, the accident locations are found to be influenced by various factors, including different types of road hierarchy. The age and gender of drivers also contribute to accident patterns. These research findings have practical implications for enhancing road safety measures and reducing the frequency of traffic accidents. The utilization of machine learning techniques, combined with the analysis of spatial data through QGIS, provides a comprehensive understanding of the underlying factors contributing to accidents. Moreover, this research contributes novel insights to the field of road traffic accidents and safety, particularly in the context of the city of Duhok in Kurdistan Region, Iraq, and provides a valuable reference for future studies in the domain of road safety and urban planning.</p>

Violation of Traffic Rules and Detection of Sign Boards

Today's society has seen a sharp rise in the number of accidents caused by drivers failing to pay attention to traffic signals and regulations. Road accidents are increasing daily as the number of automobiles rises. By using synthesis data for training, which are produced from photos of road traffic signs, we are able to overcome the challenges of traffic sign identification and decrease violations of traffic laws by identifying triple-riding, no-helmet, and accidents, which vary for different nations and locations. This technique is used to create a database of synthetic images that may be used in conjunction with a convolution neural network (CNN) to identify traffic signs, triple riding, no helmet use, and accidents in a variety of view lighting situations. As a result, there will be fewer accidents, and the vehicle operator will be able to concentrate more on continuing to drive but instead of checking each individual road sign. Also, simplifies the process to recognize triple driving, accidents, but also incidents when a helmet was not used.

Prevalence and factors associated with ever had road traffic accidents among drivers in Hargeisa city, Somaliland, 2022

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a major cause of morbidity in Somaliland. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with traffic-related incidents in Hargeisa city. A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and March 2022, utilizing a mixed approach involving quantitative and qualitative research approaches. Key informant interviews were conducted with 15 government officials, and structured questionnaires were administered to 387 drivers. Cluster sampling and purposive sampling were employed to select drivers and government officials, respectively. Data collection was performed using the Kobo Collect application, followed by cleaning and analysis using IBM SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression, and chi-square tests were utilized for data analysis. The findings revealed an increasing trend of RTAs in Somaliland over the past 11 years (2011–2021). Moreover, the prevalence of RTAs in the past two years alone was determined to be 28.17% (CI: 23.67, 32.63). Factors significantly associated with RTAs in the research area included the type of vehicle, particularly Minibus (AOR = 3.249, CI: 1.022, 10.322) and Vitz (AOR = 2.325, CI: 1.092, 5.494), encountering aggressive behavior from other drivers (AOR = 1.790, CI: 1.013, 3.162), vehicles less than 4 years (AOR = 0.446, CI: 0.258, 0.771), traffic law violations (AOR = 2.726, CI: 1.296, 5.735), and the presence of traffic campaigns (AOR = 0.465, CI: 0.236, 0.917). The study recommends increasing awareness of RTAs among drivers and pedestrians, regular vehicle maintenance checks, enforcement of traffic laws, and increased police presence in road management to reduce fatalities associated with RTAs.

Vehicular Safety System using Deep Learning and Computer Vision

While many technological solutions have been implemented for accident detection, not many have focused on accident prevention. Accidents have been an everlasting concern as they have caused heavy injuries and death tolls on a large scale. There has been an everlasting increase in the rate of accidents and violation of traffic laws and wrongdoers managing to escape from the legal ramifications of predominantly Hit-and-Run cases. This entails a system to alleviate the occurrence of accidents and deaths caused. Focusing on this, a viable solution that focuses on preventing such circumstances by detecting accident-causing behaviour has been proposed. If accidents take place, it ensures the victim gets their rightful compensation. The research encompasses two modules, Prevention and Recovery. The prevention module uses Deep Learning and Computer Vision to detect whether the driver is drowsy and issues an alert employing CNN. The recovery module focuses on detecting occurrences of accidents and acquiring information about the parties involved in the same. Moreover, the prototype detects drowsiness, and detects and saves the accident footage in real-time enabling information acquisition.

Analysis of pedestrian violations based on an integrative model: Evidence from college students in China

IntroductionWalking is a popular mode of transportation for college students. A disproportionate number of traffic-related fatalities and injuries involve pedestrians. The violation of traffic laws is a significant cause of traffic crashes. Few studies have analyzed the walking violation behavior of Chinese college students. Therefore, it is essential to examine the factors that influence college students’ intention to engage in walking violation behaviors. MethodsThree models were used to analyze college students’ walking violations. In Model 1, the theory of planned behavior (TPB) was analyzed; In Model 2, the health belief model (HBM) was analyzed; In Model 3, the integrative model that considered exogenous constructs in the TPB, exogenous constructs in the HBM, and descriptive norm was analyzed. ResultsThe HBM has a moderately larger power than the TPB in explaining behavioral intention's variance, and the integrative model has a slightly larger power than the HBM in explaining behavioral intention's variance. Attitude, subjective norm, perceived severity, perceived benefit, and descriptive norm have significant impacts on behavioral intention to violate traffic rules, while perceived behavioral control, perceived susceptibility, perceived barrier, and cues to action do not have significant impacts. ConclusionsThe findings of this study could be used to explain pedestrian violation behaviors among Chinese college students and encourage them to obey traffic rules.

Applying multilevel analysis and the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) on unsafe actions under a road safety policy.

The aims of this research are: to investigate and develop a multilevel analysis of unsafe actions or risky behaviors; to study the influence of road safety policy factors on risky behaviors; and to analyze personal characteristics that influence risky behaviors. Data were collected using 1,474 samples from locations countrywide at the district level, including 76 clusters, via the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) and road safety policy. The results indicate that, for the district-level model, the participation factor directly and negatively influenced risky behaviors, and government support indirectly had a negative impact through participation. Thus, people's participation in the area caused a decrease in unsafe behaviors. Meanwhile, safety policy support in the area partially caused people to participate at a significant level. At the personal level, income, having a driver's license, past violations, and past accidents significantly affected risky behaviors, especially having a driver's license, which had a negative influence. This meant that people who had a driver's license facilitated a positive effect in terms of decreasing risky behaviors, while people with past violations and past accidents influenced this situation positively. The more traffic law violations and accidents the participants had, the more they engaged in unsafe actions. Based on the findings, acknowledging and solving the problem of unsafe driving at a spatial level can address the issue by supporting different measures to help people in the area improve the situation. In addition, we should assist people who have a driver's license by offering them useful training to decrease traffic law violations and inform them about accidents.

Analysis of the Relationship between Age and Violation of Traffic Laws and Ordinances in Traffic Accidents on Children

In Japan, where the birthrate continues to decline, various initiatives are underway to promote traffic safety for children. Although these efforts have helped reduce the number of traffic accidents involving children, an examination of the circumstances under which children were killed or injured in traffic accidents in recent years shows that accidents in which children were riding bicycles accounted for the highest percentage of accidents. We investigated the relationship between the ages of children involved in traffic accidents and violations of traffic laws using traffic accident statistics maintained by the Ishikawa Prefectural Police Headquarters. These records revealed that 16-year-olds were most likely to be involved in traffic accidents. Our analysis of the violations of laws and ordinances with respect to the ages of bicyclists involved in car accidents at intersections found that, of all the age categories, elementary school students had the lowest rate of accidents with no violations and the highest rate of accidents involving a failure to stop. Junior and senior high school students had lower rates of accidents involving a failure to stop than elementary school students. Moreover, at non-intersections, driving safety violations were notably higher for accidents involving bicycling elementary school students than for those in other age groups.

Road Accident in Bangladesh: Issues & Legal Study

Accidents are happening on the roads and highways of the country including the capital almost every day. Any accident is not understandable. The issue of road accidents and road safety has made pedestrians and all kinds of people think. Death cannot be denied. However, unexpected deaths are certainly not understandable. There is an unhealthy competition among the vehicles plying in Dhaka metropolis which is one of the major causes of road accidents. Another major cause of road accidents is reckless driving by drivers in violation of traffic laws. Countless people are drowning in road accidents every day. Not only is death a relief, it is an irreparable loss to the family, as well as to the economy as a whole. Studies have shown that 80 percent of those who die in road accidents are functional. Their deaths caused uncertainty in the family. The injured in road accidents are losing their performance which is pushing the country and society towards a frightening situation.

Investigating the Effects of Driver Factors on Crash Involvement using SHRP2 Naturalistic Driving Study Dataset

Driver factors are increasingly recognized as important factors contributing to traffic-related morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate how driver factors, including driver-related demographics, driving-related experience, and trip-related behaviors, influenced the risk of crashes and near-crashes (CNC). Using the Second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP2) Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS) dataset, we employed a mixed-effects logistic regression model to examine the effects. Results showed that male drivers, young adults, and drivers with abnormal psychological symptoms had significantly higher probabilities of undergoingCNC.Driverswithcrashorviolationexperience, andfeweryearsofdrivingwerehighlysusceptible to CNC. Furthermore, driving impairment, alcohol consumption, distracted driving, less than one hand on the wheel, and traffic law violations significantly increased the probability of having CNC. Our findings can help raise the safety awareness of major stakeholders and inform the development of countermeasures to reduce crashes.

PRE-TRIAL AGAINST TIPIRING ACCORDING TO POLICE PERKAP ON TRAFFIC TIPIRING HANDLING

Traffic violations are one type of crime that is included in the category of minor crimes (Tipiring). Minor crimes are crimes that are light or harmless. This research uses normative legal research. The data used is secondary data, secondary data in this study were collected through document studies (library research). The type of approach used is a statutory approach with analytical descriptive techniques. The results of the study show that the pretrial conducted by motorized vehicle drivers who received a ticket in the context of tipiring, was carried out in stages: submitting an application to the head of the court, the application letter was registered in a pretrial case, the head of the court directly appointed the clerk and judge, the case was examined by a single judge, rules to examine related cases, and judges make decisions no later than 7 days. Law enforcement after the pretrial for traffic violations using the law of rapid examination procedure, which is regulated in Article 211 of the Criminal Procedure Code which states "what is examined according to the examination procedure in this paragraph is a case of certain violations of road traffic laws". In addition, post-trial law enforcement against traffic violations is also regulated in Article 10 paragraph (2) of the Police Chief Regulation Number 6 of 2019 concerning Criminal Acts Investigation also states: "In terms of investigating minor crimes and traffic violations, investigative activities consist of: above: inspection; notify the defendant in writing of the day, date, time and place of the trial; submit files to court; and bring the accused together with the evidence to court.”

고속도로 순찰 드론의 배치 및 운영 일정 최적화를 위한 모형 및 사례 연구

Highway surveillance using drones has recently been introduced for the purpose of handling traffic accidents that occur on highways and cracking down on traffic law violations. However, drone surveillance is still being used for limited times at specific locations. For efficient surveillance of all sections of highways, it is essential to build a platform for drone surveillance. In this paper, we deal with optimization problems to be solved in order to build a systematic platform for highway surveillance using drones. First we consider the problem of determining the optimal deployment of drone stations, which are used as bases for charging and storing drones, and the number of drones to be placed in each drone station. Next, the problem of determining the hourly operation schedule of each deployed drone is dealt with in consideration of the demand for drones that change over time. We propose mixed integer programming models for both problems and show that the proposed models can be successfully applied to real-world instances through a detailed case study of the Gyeongbu highway.

자동차 경성 사기 방지방안에 관한 연구

The main culprit of car hard fraud is using social media to recruit people through a legal method of recruiting part-time jobs and engaging them in crimes. Through this, criminals intentionally cause traffic accidents targeting vehicles that violate the law and acquire insurance and settlement money from the victim driver or insurance company. As a result, the purpose of the study is to present measures to prevent insurance leakage and increase insurance premiums for auto insurance subscribers. The method of research is to identify the status and trend of insurance fraud by the Financial Supervisory Service, identify cases of auto-hard fraud based on Internet and domestic and foreign research data, and identify what measures insurers are taking to prevent damage to insurance fraud. As a result of the study, car-hard fraud is causing an accident by intentionally colliding a vehicle that violates traffic laws. Through this, the high proportion of the victim drivers' negligence and the fact that the perpetrator claims to be a negligence accident are exploited by the insurance company. Insurance companies are responding by establishing a system that can detect habitual criminals, but it is less efficient in crime prediction and detection, and it seems that there is a limit for insurance companies to respond to and detect first-time criminals. Therefore, it was derived that it is possible to prevent insurance fraud only by preparing countermeasures through a more scientific and detailed approach. In conclusion, car-hard fraud are becoming increasingly intelligent, and as a result, it is difficult to arrest criminals, so crimes are on a continuous increase. In order to eradicate such crimes, a control tower should be created under the Financial Supervisory Service to predict and arrest insurance fraud crimes. The first offender of a fraudulent crime using a car has a limit that cannot be arrested. Therefore, a detective system should be established to approach from the recruitment stage through social media, participate in crime execution, secure evidence, and request an investigation to an investigative agency. Car fraud criminals target vehicles that violate traffic laws, so if an accident occurs in violation of traffic laws, the driver is obligated to receive compliance education from the Korea Transportation Safety Authority, and The punishment regulations should be revised so that criminals can be reasonably punished.

Analysis of Traffic Violations and Accidents with Enforcement: A Study in Jimma Town

The level of enforcement of road traffic laws plays a significant role in reducing traffic accidents, especially pedestrians, who are more than a fifth of the 1.24 million people killed each year due to traffic accidents. For assessing traffic law enforcement, the registered traffic violation data for the years 2015-2017 were taken from the Traffic Police Department to describe the activities of traffic police personnel in enforcing traffic laws. The violations were categorized into four groups: -those related to driving, vehicle, parking, and others, and Traffic Law Enforcement into safety and other traffic law enforcement activities. The vehicles involved in the violations were categorized as cars, small load vehicles, motorcycles, Bajaj, etc. Traffic Police had registered 77 traffic law violations in the year 2015, 65 in the year 2016, and 86 in the year 2017. Driving violation was the highest registered violation in the three years, and it was slightly higher in 2017. The cars and small load vehicles categories were the highest registered vehicles in several violations within the three years. For motorized two-wheeled vehicles, the highest number of registered violations in the three years was the one related to driving. All vehicle-related and other violations were registered more commonly for cars in 2015 and 2016. Of the registered violations, the parking-related violation occurred only in 2017. Safety-related traffic law enforcement was 89.96% of the total traffic law enforcement activity.