Violation Of Neutrality Research Articles

PEMBATASAN HAK BEREKPRESI DAN BERPENDAPAT ASN DALAM BERSOSIAL MEDIA DALAM BERSOSIAL MEDIA DALAM KONTEKS PENCEGAHAN PELANGGARAN NETRALITAS ASN

The phenomenon of neutrality of the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) seems to be a discussion that always exists in every general election (Pemilu) or regional head election (Pilkada). The State Civil Apparatus Commission (KASN) stated that around 1,678 cases of violations occurred within the bureaucracy and ASN ministries/institutions/regions, which involved violations of ASN neutrality in the period 2020-2022. Based on KASN data, there are violations of neutrality with the motive of utilizing bureaucratic resources, both in the form of support for programs, facilities and infrastructure as well as activities that favor certain candidates. The prohibition on civil servants being sarcastic or uploading and spreading messages attacking or criticizing the government on social media was issued in May in 2018. Ahead of the 2024 elections, which are the main means of realizing democracy in a country. In an effort to maintain the neutrality of ASN from the influence of political parties and to ensure the integrity, cohesiveness and unity of ASN, as well as being able to focus all attention, thoughts and energy on the tasks assigned, ASN are prohibited from becoming members and/or administrators of political parties, as well as running for office with conditions which has been determined by law (UU). Violations of ASN's neutrality, especially during and after the elections that took place in 2009, 2014 and 2019 and ahead of the 2024 elections. Violations can occur in the form of support provided via social media, involvement in campaigns, running for office without being followed by resignation. within the appropriate time frame and so on. This then violates the principle of neutrality and shows the partiality of an ASN which is actually very contrary to the law. Looking at the existing facts, the regulations regarding freedom of opinion held by the State Civil Service (ASN) are very different from the freedom of opinion enjoyed by the Indonesian people. This regulation can certainly limit the space for freedom of expression for State Civil Servants (ASN). However, on the other hand, as a state official, of course all aspects of ASN life are required to comply with the code of ethics that has been regulated by the state. So they face a dilemma when expressing their opinions in public spaces regarding social media in the context of preventing violations of ASN neutrality. Public pros and cons regarding government policies are still occurring, one of which concerns the issue of freedom of opinion and expression on social media, which to this day is still a matter of debate. In addition, the existence of the Information and Electronic Transactions Law (UU ITE) Number 11 of 2008 is still under discussion to this day.

NETRALITAS APARAT SIPIL NEGARA DALAM PUSARAN POLITISASI BIROKRASI DI INDONESIA

This article aims to determine the link between ASN neutrality and the politicization of the bureaucracy in Indonesia, especially after direct regional head elections began in 2005. This change allowed serving regional heads to run for re-election, which could affect ASN neutrality and loyalty because regional heads have the authority to judge ASN performance and determining their structural positions. This research uses a qualitative approach. This research is also supported by library research, namely the study of written materials related to the research focus. The research results show that the politicization of bureaucracy that has occurred in Indonesia indicates that violations of ASN neutrality are still occurring. This can be seen from the use of state facilities, mobilization of ASN, compensation for job promotions, politicization of employee recruitment, promotion and depromotion of career positions.

Far Right > Digital Rights: The Precarity of Free Expression, Internet Access, Net Neutrality and Data Privacy in Bolsonaro’s Brazil

The election of Jair Bolsonaro to the Brazilian Presidency in 2018 was a politically destabilising event with far-reaching consequences. The fate of digital rights in Brazil was particularly impacted, with the legacy of the celebrated Marco Civil da Internet rights charter called into question. By examining the many ways that the fragile gains of the Marco Civil were corroded during the Bolsonaro presidency – including systematic attacks on freedom of expression online, disinformation campaigns, the violation of network neutrality through zero rating, and the continuing assault on privacy rights – we can understand the multi-pronged nature of Bolsonaro’s assault on the public sphere in Brazil as well as the inadequacy of digital rights in safeguarding against the conjoined threats of platform capitalism and far-right populism.

Analysis of Bawaslu's Authority in Handling ASN Neutrality Violations in the 2024 Elections Case Study of Handling ASN Neutrality Violations in Gorontalo City Bawaslu

The importance of the function of elections, especially for changes in the country, is an important basis for many institutions to provide standards for democratic elections. This standard is important because it can be used as a benchmark for the success of the election itself. However, the most important thing of all is that elections must be able to provide guarantees of democratic legitimacy. To achieve this, transparency, accountability, credibility and integrity are needed in the implementation of the election itself so that people trust and believe in the election itself. Until now, effective election supervision is believed to be an instrument capable of providing guarantees for the implementation of democratic elections. This type of research is Sociological Juridical research and the approaches used by researchers in compiling this research are, among others: Statute Approach; case approach (case approach); and Comparative Approach. The results of this research show that in carrying out the supervision stages, Bawaslu has carried out outreach with all ASNs, signed MoU agreements and met with every OPD in every sub-district and neighborhood in Gorontalo City. However, every time the Bawaslu General Election is held, Bawaslu still receives reports of alleged violations from the public that ASN has violated the relevant regulations regarding ASN Neutrality which results in tarnishing democracy in terms of ASN neutrality, this arises because of the existence of inhibiting and supporting factors which can measure how far the success of their role is. owned by Bawaslu in upholding the principle of ASN Neutrality in the 2024 General Election.

Bawaslu's Authority to Handle Violations of Neutrality of State Civil Apparatus in Regional Head Elections

This research aims to determine and explain Bawaslu's authority in handling violations of neutrality of state civil servants in regional head elections as well as Bawaslu's obstacles in handling violations of neutrality of state civil servants in regional head elections. This research uses a normative type of research. The types and sources of law used in this research are document data and secondary data. The data collection method through legal materials is carried out by inventorying and identifying legal materials, all data is analyzed qualitatively and presented descriptively. The results of the research show that Bawaslu's authority in handling violations of the neutrality of state civil servants in regional head elections is divided into three, namely attributive, mandate and delegation in accordance with the Bawaslu agreement in handling State Civil Apparatus neutrality cases which refers to General Election Supervisory Body Regulation Number 7 of 2018. Factors The obstacles to Bawaslu in handling violations of the neutrality of the state civil apparatus can be explained, namely its law enforcement, facilities, and community participation, namely the absence of strict sanctions for perpetrators of violations of this law so that there are still many perpetrators who commit violations against the neutrality of the state civil apparatus in repeated regional head elections and continously.

FairNet: A Measurement Framework for Traffic Discrimination Detection on the Internet

Network neutrality is related to the nondiscriminatory treatment of packets on the Internet. Any deliberate discrimination of traffic of one application while favoring others violates the principle of neutrality. Many countries have enforced laws against such discrimination. One requires tools to detect any net neutrality violations to enforce such laws. However, detecting such violations is challenging as it is hard to separate any degradation in quality due to natural network effects and selective degradation. Also, legitimate traffic management and deliberate discrimination methods can be technically the same, making it challenging to distinguish them further. We developed an end-to-end measurement framework named FairNet to detect discrimination of traffic. It compares the performance of similar services. Our focus is on HTTPS streaming services which constitute a predominant portion of the Internet traffic. The effect of confounding factors (congestion, traffic management policy, dynamic rate adaptation) is made similar on the test services to ensure a fair comparison. FairNet framework uses a replay server and user-client that exchanges correctly identifiable traffic streams over the Internet. The Server Name Indication (SNI) field in the TLS handshake, which goes in plain text, ensures that the traffic from the replay server appears to network middle-boxes as that coming from its actual server. We validated that appropriate SNIs result in the correct classification of services using a commercial traffic shaper. FairNet uses two novel algorithms based on application-level throughput and connection status to detect traffic discrimination. We also validated the methodologys effectiveness by collecting network logs through mobile apps over the live Internet and analyzing them.

The Interplay between Neutrality, Qualified Neutrality and Co-belligerency in the Context of U.S. Intervention in the Russia-Ukraine War

Summary The United States of America (U.S.), and the European Union (EU) have supplied weapons to Ukraine in the ongoing Russian-Ukraine armed conflict. The Pentagon has pledged thousands of weapons to Ukraine as part of the security/military aid to worn-torn Ukraine. The supply of such weapons by a neutral/non- belligerent state stands in clear violation of the laws of Neutrality which casts a duty on the neutral states to refrain from participating in the hostilities and be impartial in their conduct towards the belligerents. However, the argument of the U.S. government in previous such instances has been that laws of neutrality have been overshadowed by the United Nations (UN) Charter and modern forms of warfare and the U.S. maintains that they fall under qualified neutrality after the 20th century. However, Qualified Neutrality is not recognised either under treaty conventions or customary international law. Similarly, international laws in terms of co-belligerency are also governed by International Humanitarian Laws (IHL) under the Four Geneva Convention of 1949 which lays down rules where military assistance by a neutral state can result in co-belligerency. However, no existing treaty or international law lays down a clear threshold for crossing from a neutral state to a co-belligerent state which has also led to an ambiguity in terms of checks and balances of the lethal weapons supplied to Ukraine by the U.S. currently. This article attempts to define the threshold in terms of severity, effectiveness, and inertia of the intervention. It further argues that the U.S. has crossed its threshold and therefore the existing laws governing violation of neutrality and affixing of state responsibility are now applicable to the U.S.

NETRALITAS APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA DALAM PEMILU SERENTAK TAHUN 2024

To increase neutrality, the government has made various arrangements to limit the relationship between Civil Servants (PNS) and practical political activities. Still, every General Election activity is always coloured by widespread reporting about neutrality violations by unscrupulous Civil Servants. This research aims to determine the Neutrality of The State Civil Apparatus In The Convenient Elections In 2024. This research method uses descriptive qualitative data from reviewing documents, observations, and interviews with Bawaslu of Central Lampung Regency. As a result, the neutrality of ASN is heavily influenced by the wishes of legislators. Public officials, whether from politics or independence, should not place ASN as a tool to maintain their power. Furthermore, regulations are needed in the context of tightening access for public officials to abuse authority, as well as providing access to strict supervision from parties, including internal ASN, to be able to report all forms of intervention. ASN should have a neutral nature in politics to protect society. ASN must also be free from the influence and intervention of all groups from political parties; this must be strictly prevented because it can lead to self-interest in practical politics

The Problem of Neutrality of the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) in the 2020 Regional Head Election

This article will discuss the neutrality of bureaucracy in Indonesia with the perspective of data collection from online media. Where the purpose of this paper is to find out the involvement of ASN in the power struggle in the implementation of regional head elections. If we look at the many cases of neutrality violations that occurred in the 2020 regional head elections, this is also justified by the State Civil Affairs Commission which records cases of violations of bureaucratic neutrality. The implementation of regional head elections conducted in 2020 is indeed full of pros and cons, besides that almost every regional head election always arises the issue of bureaucratic neutrality. In 2020, there were 694 ASNs who committed violations and have been reported to the State Civil Apparatus Commission. This shows that the implementation of regional head elections is one of the momentums for candidates for regional heads and ASNs to conduct patron-client practices. In addition, the implementation of regional head elections is also carried out during the covid-19 pandemic so that it is possible to have ASN involvement in the implementation of campaigns and so on. Because in 2020 there is a lot of involvement of civil apparatus that shows open support to one of the candidates.

Impaired Neutrality: A Propensity That Occurs Among Indonesian Bureaucrats in the Election

This paper explores the propensity of neutrality disruption among Indonesian civil servants during political elections. It aims to provide empirical evidence to prove that some Indonesian civil servants have the proclivity to violate neutrality by supporting political candidates in a campaign or through social media during the elections. This research was conducted with qualitative methods by literature review, examining policy documents, and a descriptive study to provide an overview of the theoretical normative and practical findings. This research utilized the Indonesian Civil Service Commission (KASN RI) report which showcased 1,399 neutrality violation reports and 982 neutrality violation cases among Indonesian civil servants in 2020 (2020 was the year of 270 simultaneous heads of regional elections in Indonesia), making Indonesia among the “few & self-interest” sphere countries in the modified dimension of interest and societal spheres framework. As the way out from the neutrality infringement paradox, this paper proposed a collaborative approach between government agencies to overcome civil servant neutrality violations and strategies to reduce abuse of power by the head of the government agency during the elections. The implication of this study is to remind the bureaucracy that dynamics and disharmony in implementing neutral competence and political responsiveness inside the bureaucracy occur during elections. Academically, this study is significant in showcasing the complex relationship between neutral competence and political responsiveness in bureaucracy. Practically, the study is substantial for the bureaucracy to learn how to prevent and be immune from political influence during the election.

Синтез, структурные и магнитные свойства NaZnFe-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-(VO-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-

A new magnetic compound NaZnFe2(VO4)3 obtained by solid-phase synthesis has been studied using X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, measurement of the temperature dependence of the dielectric permeability, and magnetometry. The crystalline structure of NaZnFe2(VO4)3 is described by a triclinic spatial group of symmetry P1 with the parameters of an elementary crystalline chain: a = 6.74318 (7) Å, b = 8.1729 (1) Å, c = 9.8421 (1) Å, α = 106.2611 (9)º, β = 104.55 (1)º, γ = 102.337 (1)º, V = 479.88 (1) Å3, Z = 2. Magnetic Fe3+ cations in the cell occupy six positions populated together with diamagnetic Zn2+ cations, which leads to states of magnetic inhomogeneity and local violation of charge neutrality. Data from resonance and magnetic studies of NaZnFe2(VO4)3 confirm the main role of high-spin Fe3+ iron cations in the formation of magnetism with competing exchange magnetic interactions and a high value of the frustration index. It is shown that the magnetic subsystem of a sample with a negative asymptotic Neel temperature undergoes a magnetic transition from the paramagnetic state to the magnetic state of the spin glass when the temperature decreases. T.V. Drokina 1, M.S. Molokeev M.C. 1, 2, D.A. Velikanov 1, O.A. Bayukov 1, A.M. Vorotynov 1, A.L. Freidman 1, G.A. Petrakovskii 1 1 L.V. Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia 2 Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660074, Russia

Eco-relational Pluralism: Political Liberalism’s Challenge to the Economic Growth Imperative

ABSTRACT Rawls theorizes principles of justice as defining a ‘pact of reconciliation’ between diverse conceptions of the good. What does fulfillment of this pact entail when reasonable pluralism is recognized as having an environmental dimension? Fair acknowledgment of the plurality of citizens’ relationships with the natural world challenges the neutrality of aims conventionally used to justify ecocide, including the promotion of economic growth and development. This paper explores how ecocide constitutes a violation of equal basic liberties and state neutrality as per Rawlsian political liberalism. It further considers hard cases in which ecocide is enacted for meeting citizens’ basic needs.

The Neutrality Crisis Of The State Civil Apparatus: Practical Politics Unethic Public Bureaucrats

This study aims to analyze the State Civil Apparatus (SCA) neutrality violations and various efforts to reduce it neutrality. A qualitative descriptive method was used and data was collected through a literature study that reviewed cases in 2020. The results showed that the neutrality violations later became a problem that causes discontinuity and disharmony within the SCA. Commonly, the violation form is encountered through indirect campaigns on social media. The SCA neutrality violations are mostly caused due to the motive of getting a higher position. In conclusion, the government establishes the State Civil Apparatus Commission (SCAC) and the merit system to solve the SCA problem

Motif Pelanggaran Netralitas Aparatur Sipil Negara dalam Pemilihan Kepala Daerah di Kabupaten Solok Tahun 2020

As the executor of government policies, the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) upholds the principles that have been established based on the laws and regulations, one of which is the principle of neutrality. However, violations of ASN neutrality cannot be avoided, this problem is influenced by various motives. The Regional Head Election (pilkada) in Solok district in 2020. To see these motives, the authors conducted research using descriptive qualitative methods. Informants from the research were determined by purposive sampling technique. Data were taken by interview, observation, and documentation. Then the data is processed by source triangulation. So that the research results show that violations of ASN neutrality occur due to internal motives and external motives. The internal motives are the desire to get a better position and the emotional closeness between ASN and the candidate pair. Internally, the position is threatened if it does not side with one of the candidates who are predicted to win. The limited authority of Bawaslu in terms of following up on ASN who commits a violation is a gap for ASN to commit a violation

Dilemmatic Position of State Civil Apparatus (ASN)

This article investigates the dilemma faced by the ASN in maintaining neutrality amidst political dynamics, particularly during regional head elections (Pilkada) in Indonesia. The study explores the ASN's susceptibility to being exploited for electoral purposes and evaluates how they maintain neutrality according to laws and regulations. Additionally, the article discusses the challenges ASN faces in adhering to the principle of neutrality and potential solutions to these problems. By examining data from the State Civil Apparatus Commission (KASN) and the Election Supervisory Body (Bawaslu) concerning violations of ASN neutrality, the study identifies factors that contribute to ASN involvement in local political contests and the resulting neutrality breaches. The study also underscores the worrisome situation concerning the integrity and neutrality of Indonesia's ASN in fulfilling their duties and responsibilities. The three identified phenomena—position buying and selling, instant career pursuit, and kinship culture or spoil system—indicate political intervention in bureaucracy, resulting in the appointment of incompetent individuals and reduced public service quality. The concerning situation regarding ASN's integrity and neutrality highlights the need for further efforts in implementing bureaucratic reform and strengthening the merit system in Indonesia.

LEGAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE NEUTRALITY VIOLATION OF THE STATE CIVIL APPARATUS (ASN) IN SIMULTANEOUS REGIONAL HEAD ELECTIONS (CASE STUDY IN SRAGEN REGENCY)

<p><em>The State Civil Apparatus (ASN) role is crucial to carry out government affairs within the framework of achieving national goals. In carrying out these duties as a state apparatus, they must provide services to the community in a professional, honest, fair, and equitable manner in carrying out state, government, and development tasks.</em><em> ASN must be neutral from the influence of all political groups and parties and not discriminate in providing services to the community. In 2015, Sragen Regency participated in celebrating the democratic party, namely the simultaneous election of regional heads and deputy regional heads on December 9, 2015. The Panwaslu (Election Supervisory Committee) of Sragen Regency found and received reports that many ASNs were not neutral. The Panwaslu report reached KASN, and several cases were left without follow-up handling and seemed to evaporate. This study uses qualitative research methods to obtain facts regarding the problem of ASN neutrality in the Sragen Regency in the 2015 simultaneous regional elections. The unit of analysis in this research is the Panwaslu of Sragen Regency and the Education and Training Personnel Agency (BKPP) of Sragen Regency. Data collection techniques used are in-depth interviews and documentation to complete the data in this study. ASN violations occurred before the campaign period and during the campaign period. The number of ASN is not neutral by attending campaigns, other stage activities, and providing campaign materials using state facilities such as office buildings and ASN official vehicles. Of course, the involvement and alignment of ASN in the 2015 Regional Head Elections is due to the incumbent candidate. The Sragen Regency Government, namely the Sragen Regent, should give sanctions or disciplinary punishments to ASN who are not neutral in following the existing laws and regulations. The Sragen Regent should be more firm in responding to this non-neutral ASN case. Legal arrangements are needed to handle ASN Neutrality violations in the General Election and Simultaneous Regional Head Elections.</em></p>

A criminalization of Civil Servant Related to Neutrality Violations in A regional Head Elections (Study of Decision Number 47/Pid.Sus/2018/Pn.Sdr)

This study aims to validate and analyze the accuracy of sentencing the the defendant as the head of the service in fulfilling the elements of the legal subject as a Civil Servant, as well as legal proof of the defendant's actions which are considered beneficial or detrimental to one of the candidate pairs. Legal research with normative juridical, as well as statutory, case, and conceptual approaches and analyzed prescriptively. The accuracy of sentencing the the defendant in Decision Number 147/Pid.Sus/2018/PN.Sdr regarding legal subjects is based that the Panel of a judge s interprets ASN holding certain positions in government as ASN. The judge's considerations did not refer to the Civil Servant Law and the the defendant was a High Pratama Official, belonging to an Echelon 2 position, and this was based on the theory of a criminal responsibility that the actions taken by the the defendant were a burden of personal responsibility not the responsibility of the position. It has nothing to do with the main duties and official functions as Head of the Social, Civil and Population Registration Service, and not as a legitimate job order task. Legal proof of the the phrase "favorable" or "detrimental" to one of the Candidate pairs is inappropriate, because it is not based on the benefit or harm is a formal offense so it does not need to be proven because there is a potential loss and at the same time the theory of economics analysis of law on the principle of optimization, proving cost-benefit analysis, the principle of balance, and the principle of efficiency.

Widom insertion method in simulations with Ewald summation

We discuss the application of the Widom insertion method for calculation of the chemical potential of individual ions in computer simulations with Ewald summation. Two approaches are considered. In the first approach, an individual ion is inserted into a periodically replicated overall charge neutral system representing an electrolyte solution. In the second approach, an inserted ion is also periodically replicated, leading to the violation of the overall charge neutrality. This requires the introduction of an additional neutralizing background. We find that the second approach leads to a much better agreement with the results of grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation for the total chemical potential of a neutral ionic cluster.

The Principle of ASN Neutrality in the 2020 Regional Head Elections: A Case Study in Maros Regency

This study aims to examine and analyze the implementation, prevention, forms of violations, and factors influencing the ASN Neutrality principle in the 2020 Regional Head Elections in Maros Regency. This study uses empirical research methods. Primary data collection is done by direct interviews. The data obtained in this study were then analyzed qualitatively to analyze the problem and answer the research objectives. The results showed that the neutrality of civil servants in implementing the 2020 Regional Head Elections in the Maros Regency had not been carried out correctly. The worst condition was because three unscrupulous employees violated ASN neutrality more than once. Meanwhile, Bawaslu has taken various forms of efforts to prevent violations related to ASN Neutrality in Maros Regency: through coordination and outreach meetings, letters of appeal, and visual aids. The factors that influence the neutrality of ASN in the holding of Regional Head Elections: are patron-client culture, primordial (kinship relations), law enforcement, and motivation for positions. Therefore, it is recommended that the Ministry of Internal Affairs increasingly consider the principle of neutrality in the selection process for ASN candidates. In addition, it is recommended that KASN provide strict sanctions for ASN who are not neutral. In this case, in the future, there will be no more violations of ASN neutrality that are committed more than once.

Analisis #JagaASN Sebagai Media Kampanye di Indonesia pada Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Tahun 2020

The purpose of this article is to see how effective the campaign model carried out by the State Civil Apparatus Commission is, especially with the #JagaASN jargon. The government through the State Civil Apparatus Commission has launched a bureaucratic neutrality campaign through social media. This is done considering the implementation of regional head elections during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, this campaign also hopes to reduce the number of ASN neutrality cases in Indonesia. So, with this campaign, it is hoped that the government can provide quality services and realize regional head elections with integrity. This study uses qualitative research methods, using several research tools. The research tools used are Nvivo and VOSviewer. Based on the results of the study, the case of ASN neutrality in Indonesia, especially in the 2020 regional head election, is still quite high. Where this can be seen based on data from the State Civil Apparatus Commission that violations in the 2020 regional head elections are quite high with several cases as many as 864 ASN reported, while for 635 ASN violating and receiving KASN recommendations to be followed up, for ASN who have sanctioned by the staffing officer of 500 ASN. In addition, based on the processed results of NVivo 12+, it was also found that 82% of ASN were declared to be in the category of bureaucratic/ASN neutrality violations. The details are that 18% of ASN became a candidate pair's success team, 9% used state facilities, 31% participated in activities and sided with one of the candidates, and the last 21% ASN participated in the candidate pair's campaign.