Violation Of Human Dignity Research Articles

Leadership as Idolatry

This study explores how an extended view of idolatry can be used to analyze leadership in organizations. Beginning with the theological anthropology of James K. Smith, it develops a model of idolatry and then moves on to explore the cases of Stalinism and Enron. The ultimate concern promoted by personality cults in these cases, it is not only the leader but also the organization itself and a narrative that give the organization and its leaders a grandiose self-identity. Moreover, the study suggests that organizational cultures and organizational rituals can slide into idolatry, even if this is not fully intended. The key mechanisms here are rituals of charismatic self-seduction and psychological control, forming a totalitarian culture. By combining charismatic leadership theory and critical realism, this study also suggests that idolatry can emerge from below, although individual reflexivity can also resist idolatrous leadership. Finally, when truth is exchanged for grandiose self-images, it leads to violations of human dignity. The study identifies three questions that could help leaders to prevent themselves from slipping into idolatry. It also argues that churches could be resources for organizational leaders in terms of being communities of counter-formation, mutual discernment and missional empowerment

PENYULUHAN HUKUM MENGENAI UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 21 TAHUN 2007 TENTANG PEMBERANTASAN TINDAK PIDANA PERDAGANGAN ORANG BAGI GURU BIMBINGAN KONSELING DAN SISWA/SISWI SMK/SMA/MA SE-KABUPATEN CIANJUR

Trafficking is a violation of human dignity that is contrary to human rights and legislation. One of the victims of the crime of trafficking in the district of Cianjur is an underage child. An Integrated Service Center for Women and Children Protection (P2TP2A) of Cianjur district in collaboration with the Faculty of Law of Suryakancana University conducting an even in preventing the human trafficking crime. One of the efforts to overcome the trafficking is by socializing the law No. 21 of 2007 on the Eradication of Trafficking for the counseling teacher and student in order to get a better understanding of the meaning, way, form, effects, prevention and sanction the crime of trafficking.

Female Genital Mutilation and the Natural Law

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is the removal or restructuring of healthy genital tissue. Under natural law, mutilation is an intrinsic evil and a grave violation of human dignity. If mutilation alleviates a threat to a person’s well-being, it may sometimes be permissible, but healthy genitals pose no such threat. The purported social benefits of FGM, such as decreased promiscuity, do not justify the practice, because there is no causal relationship between mutilation and virtue. In terms of autonomy, victims are usually children and unable to consent. Parental rights and the rights of religion do not override children’s inherent rights to physical integrity and safety. Current support for minimal forms of FGM in an attempt to reduce the incidence of severe forms will instead prolong the practice and increase the number of victims. Finally, FGM differs from male circumcision in that it destroys the function and integrity of the organs themselves and promotes profound gender inequality.

EU Law, Constitutional Identity, and Human Dignity: A Toxic Mix?

This paper examines the Bundesverfassungsgericht’s decision (BVerfG) in Mr R on the relationship between German constitutional law and EU law. The case concerned an extradition under the European Arrest Warrant (EAW) and the Court found a violation of human dignity as protected by the German constitution. Some creatures release toxins when threatened and as Paracelsus explained dosis sola facit venenum, the dose alone makes the poison. While this quote is related to toxicology, it is equally relevant to the judgment. The, therefore, paper first describes the relevant facts of the judgment and the threatening environment which may have contributed to this reaction of the Court. Then, the paper highlights the venomous qualities of the BVerfG’s judgment and how it effects the body of EU law. Finally, the treatment of mutual trust and acte clair will be analysed, before it will be shown that if used in the right dosage the judgment might help curing some illnesses of the current human rights protection in the EU.

Assédio sexual no trabalho e discriminação de gênero:duas faces da mesma moeda?

Resumo O artigo tem por objeto de investigação a igualdade de gênero nas relações de trabalho. A partir da contextualização histórica da divisão sexista de atribuições sociais, busca demonstrar as dificuldades de inserção da mulher no mercado de trabalho, diante das estruturas patriarcais de poder. Pretende, com isso, avaliar, de forma mais específica, a relação existente entre assédio sexual e discriminação de gênero, fazendo aproximações críticas entre os dois fenômenos, mediante análise de textos legais e de decisões judiciais pertinentes ao tema. Tem como argumento central a validade teórica da premissa de o assédio sexual ser encarado como possível manifestação discriminatória – notadamente quando implique reprodução de estereótipos e normas de gênero –, porém sem excluir a possibilidade de ser tratado como violação da dignidade da pessoa humana e do direito ao meio ambiente de trabalho saudável e equilibrado. Propõe, finalmente, uma abordagem global como meio mais eficaz de enfrentamento da questão.

THE VICTIM HANDLING MODEL OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING THROUGH ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE

Trafficking in persons is a modern trading of human slavery. Trafficking in persons is also one of the worst forms of violation of human dignity that results in trauma to the victims. To that end, there should be a comprehensive treatment for victims.The problems that can be studied is whether a model that can be applied in the treatment of victims of trafficking in Cianjur and disseminating technical how models Handling of Victims of Trafficking in Persons (Trafficking) in Cianjur.This study uses normative juridical approach and specification of descriptive analysis. The results of this study are alternative models to handle victims of trafficking in Cianjur is a service model based on inter-institutional and economic empowerment through planting camelina sativa with socialization techniques involving local government, private sector, community leaders and students through legal counseling and advocacy. Keywords : human trafficking, the victim handling model, socialization

HUMAN DIGNITY AND PROPORTIONALITY ANALYSIS / A DIGNIDADE HUMANA E A ANÁLISE DA PROPORCIONALIDADE

The relation between proportionality analysis and human dignity is one of the most contested questions in the debate about the normative structure of human dignity. Two conceptions stand in opposition: an absolute and a relative conception. According to the absolute conception, the guarantee of human dignity counts as a norm that takes precedence over all other norms in all cases. Taking precedence over all other norms in all cases implies that balancing is precluded. This, in turn, means that each and every interference with human dignity is a violation of human dignity. Thus, justified interference with human dignity becomes impossible. By contrast, proportionality analysis is intrinsically connected to the distinction between justified and unjustified interferences. A proportional interference is justified and is, therefore, constitutional. The opposite applies in the case of disproportional interference. The absolute conception is incompatible with this conceptual framework. For this reason, it is incompatible with proportionality analysis. According to the relative conception, precisely the opposite is true. The relative conception says that the question of whether human dignity is violated is a question of proportionality. With this, the relative conception is not only compatible with proportionality analysis, it presupposes it.

Submission to the Special Joint Committee on Physician Assisted Dying

The decision of the Supreme Court of Canada in Carter v. Canada (Attorney General) changed the law on murder and assisted suicide by making exemptions in defined circumstances to permit euthanasia by physicians and physician assisted suicide. However, it did not change the reasoning that underpins the law on parties to offences - the same reasoning that triggered the commission of inquiry investigating Canada's complicity in the torture of Maher Arar, the same reasoning that sparked the Globe and Mail editorial about Canada's complicity in the abuse of Afghan detainees, and the same reasoning used by physicians and health care providers who would refuse to facilitate euthanasia or assisted suicide by referral.The reasoning that underpins the law on parties to criminal offences, civil liability and public policy on complicity in torture cannot be dismissed as ethically or legally irrelevant to the exercise and protection of fundamental freedoms of conscience and religion.The position some influential or powerful individuals or groups is that a learned or privileged class, a profession or state institutions can legitimately compel people to be parties to homicide or suicide - and punish them if they refuse. Nothing of the kind is stated or implied by the Supreme Court of Canada. This is not a reasonable limitation of fundamental freedoms, but a reprehensible attack on them and a serious violation of human dignity. From an ethical perspective, it is incoherent, because it posits the existence of a moral or ethical duty to do what one believes to be wrong. From a legal and civil liberties perspective, it is profoundly dangerous. If the state can demand that citizens must be parties to killing other people, and threaten to punish them or discriminate against them if they refuse, what can it not demand?

'A Uniquely Canadian Approach' to Freedom of Conscience Experts Recommend Coercion to Ensure Delivery of Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide

The Experts' recommendations are intended to extend and maximize the impact of the Carter ruling. They will effectively require all institutions, facilities, associations, organizations and individuals providing either health care or residential living for elderly, handicapped or disabled persons to become enablers of euthanasia and assisted suicide. This will entail suppression or significant restriction of fundamental freedoms.The broader the criteria for the provision of morally contested procedures, and the more people and groups captured in the Experts' enablers' net, the greater the likelihood of conflicts of conscience. Relevant here are recommendations to make euthanasia/assisted suicide available to mentally ill and incompetent persons, and to children and adolescents, even without the knowledge of their parents.The Experts' distinction between faith-based and non-faith-based facilities is meaningless. They impose identical obligations on both. All will be forced to allow homicide and suicide on their premises, or compelled to arrange for euthanasia or assisted suicide elsewhere.Likewise, they recommend that objecting physicians be forced to actively enable homicide or suicide by providing referrals, arranging direct transfers or enlisting or arranging the enlistment of patients in euthanasia/assisted suicide delivery system. The Supreme Court did not rule that people ought to be compelled to become parties to homicide and suicide, but that is what the Experts recommend. This is not reasonable limitation of fundamental freedoms, but reprehensible attack on them and serious violation of human dignity. Other countries make euthanasia and assisted suicide available without attacking fundamental freedoms. In this respect, the Experts' claim to have produced a uniquely Canadian approach to this important issue is regrettably accurate. They fail to provide any evidence that the suppression of freedom of fundamental freedoms they propose can be demonstrably justified in free and democratic society.

Cross-Border Mobility of ‘Bogus’ Self-Employed Workers: A Lack of Legal Framework Coupled with Protection of Economic Rights

If the phenomenon of ‘new self-employed workers’ or ‘bogus self-employed workers’ is nothing new, this phenomenon is growing. The crisis which gripped the EU saw a rise in practices from a bygone age: self-employed people working under very degrading conditions in return for payment considerably below the average applicable in the host State and subject to violations of human dignity. The article shows that the increase in temporary cross-border movements appears to be a reality which collides head-on with national labour and social security law, ill-equipped to counter the abuse of opportunities afforded by European law.

THE DEAD TEACHING THE LIVING – BODY WORLDS

The Body Worlds exhibition takes the visitor through a journey of more than 200 specimens. These various skinless full body plastinates are posed in different positions to display how the human body works; they vary from the chess player with his brain split open to display the brain “in action”, the runner with his muscles falling off the bones to display the working of the muscles in athletics and the controversial pregnant woman with her womb cut open to show her eight month old foetus. Von Hagens the creator of Body Worlds believes his exhibition is educational – educating the masses. Since the first exhibition of Body Worlds there has been rigorous debate on whether the display is a violation of human dignity or not. This aspect is discussed in the article. In conclusion the process regarding donating a complete dead body in South Africa is highlighted and the question is answered whether a South African citizen could legally donate his or her body to a Body Worlds display.

Human dignity as a component of a long-lasting and widespread conceptual construct.

For some decades, the concept of human dignity has been widely discussed in bioethical literature. Some authors think that this concept is central to questions of respect for human beings, whereas others are very critical of it. It should be noted that, in these debates, dignity is one component of a long-lasting and widespread conceptual construct used to support a stance on the ethical question of the moral status of an action or being. This construct has been used from Modernity onward to condemn slavery and torture as violations of human dignity. In spelling it out, we can come to a better understanding of what “dignity” means and become aware that there exists a quite useful place for this notion in our ethical thought, albeit a modest one.

Domestic Violence Among Married Women

Violence against women can be addressed through a fundamental rights lens. It is a violation of human dignity and, in its worst form; it violates the right to life. A descriptive study was carried out among 30 married women, at a selected hospital in Varanasi. Participants were selected through convenient sampling. Data was collected through interview, by using Socio demographic proforma and structured domestic violence questionnaire. The result showed that the overall prevalence of domestic violence among women was 23(76.7%). Although, there was no correlation between domestic violence and Expenditure, Disability, Burden, Duration of illness. Domestic violence was higher amongst the group of middle educated and house maker women in area of Uttar Pradesh. 30% of the sample belonged to diagnostic category of schizophrenia. This was followed by Depression in nearly 16.7%. Most of the cases, 86.7% precipitating factor were present and 60% cases past mental illness was absent, so effective actions should be taken to stop Domestic Violence at no time.

Shared Decision-Making after Implementation of the Chronic Care Model (CCM)—An Evaluative Approach

Background: In paternalistic models, healthcare providers’ responsibility is to decide what is best for patients. The main concern is that such models fail to respect patient autonomy and do not promote patient responsibility. Aim: To evaluate mental healthcare team members’ perceptions of their own role in encouraging elderly persons to participate in shared decision-making after implementation of the CCM. The CCM is not an explanatory theory, but an evidence-based guideline and synthesis of best available evidence. Methods: Data were collected from two teams that took part in a focus group interview, and the transcript was analysed by means of qualitative thematic analysis. Results: One overall theme emerged—Preventing the violation of human dignity based on three themes, namely, Changing understanding and attitudes, Increasing depressed elderly persons’ autonomy and Clarifying the mental healthcare team coordinator’s role and responsibility. The results of this study reveal that until recently, paternalism has been the dominant decision-making model within healthcare, without any apparent consideration of the patient perspective. Community mental healthcare can be improved by shared decision-making in which team members initiate a dialogue focusing on patient participation to prevent the violation of human dignity. However, in order to determine how best to empower the patient, team members need expert knowledge and intuition.

HUMAN DIGNITY IN AFRICA: A CHRISTOLOGICAL APPROACH

The violation of human dignity is more acute on the continent of Africa than in most other places in the world. In this article the dehumanizing influence of a wide range of factors is considered: amongst others growing inequality, violence, illness and various forms of prejudice. It is then argued that insights from the Christology of John Calvin provide avenues for restoring human dignity in Africa, and that his work on the threefold office of Christ may prove to be particularly helpful.

القيمة القانونية للضمانات الدبلوماسية ضد التعذيب

Torture is one of the most practices horror and violation of human dignity has been keen constitutional provisions in the countries of the world and the texts of international conventions on the prohibition of this practice, but that is noted by some states to provide diplomatic assurances against torture, states are required to hand over the nationals of the first of those accused of certain crimes, although The States of the requested known to resort to the practice of torture periodically and regularly. this research attempts to shed light on the legal value of such guarantees, the degree after several countries to provide it.

Physicians' attitude about euthanasia and assisted suicide

This study was aimed to assess the physicians’ attitude on euthanasia and assisted suicide. This study was a cross-sectional study on 55 specialist doctors (Male and Female) about euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide (PAS) who worked in different hospital in Ahwaz city 2010. We explained the terms of euthanasia and PAS individually and required their attitudes and practices. All data were entered in SPSS (version 11) and analyzed by descriptive statistics. Fifty-four (54) out of them (98%) believed that euthanasia and PAS were a violation of human dignity, that they would not be willing to provide these acts. All the 55 specialists agreed that euthanasia and assisted suicide were never ethically justified and stated that they were influenced by religious believes. Only 4 of them (7%) supported withdrawing life-sustaining interventions in cases of persistent vegetative state and by wishes requested of the family. This study has shown that 98% of specialist doctors believed euthanasia and PAS should not be legalized in any cases or situations. All off them believed that euthanasia and assisted suicide are never ethically justified, and mentioned that they were influenced by religious lives. Key words: Physicians, euthanasia, assisted suicide, Ahwaz.

Analyse des lettres de plaintes adressées dans un service d’urgence de 2002 à 2007

IntroductionThe analysis of complaint letters is essential for quality improvement in an ED. The purpose of this work was to study the content of complaint letters received in an ED over six years.MethodologyRetrospective study of complaint letters sent to an ED between 2002 and 2007. The items analyzed were epidemiology, complaints typology, purposes and hospital responses.ResultsOne hundred complaint letters were studied between 2002 and 2007, corresponding to a global incidence of 5.6/10,000 ED admissions. The annual incidence varied from 3.5 to 8.6 per 10,000 admissions. The letters were written by the relatives of patients (47%) or the patients themselves (38%). Among 153 grievances in the 100 letters, 50% concerned medical problems, 44% organization and communication problems and 46% other problems. The most frequent grievances were diagnostic errors (32), inappropriate care (23), relationship (21) and violation of human dignity (14). The aim of the letters was a warning (71%). A response to plaintiffs was sent in 78% of cases. One third of diagnostic errors were recognized. Eighty-nine complaints ended without consequences, nine in arbitration committee, one in administrative court and one was compensated.ConclusionComplaints incidence in our ED was low. Complaints are related with medical and organizational problems. Complaint letters must be used to improve patients care.

Zwei Formen der Entwürdigung: Absolute und relative Armut

Relative poverty and absolute poverty are often seen to be very distinct concepts and seldom discussed together. While absolute poverty is seen to be about existential threats, relative poverty is understood to be about economic inequality only. One is an issue of basic rights then and the other a question of justice or fairness. But in this picture it becomes incomprehensible why the same concept is used for so different issues. This article tries to show that relative and absolute poverty do have something very important in common. Both concepts are about not having enough goods in order to be able to life a decent life, i.e. a life in dignity. While absolute poverty indicates that someone does not have enough goods to live a decent life under any circumstances, relative poverty indicates that someone does not have enough goods to live a decent life in a given society. So understood poverty in both cases is a violation of human dignity.

Guerre juste et guerre sainte au regard des droits de l'homme

The permanence of conflict, and the resurgence of holy war today, belie the condemnations of war by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Charter of the United Nations. They provoke questions about derogations from these principles to prevent violations of human dignity and to consider a military intervention in reference to human rights. First of all, the ambiguity of humanitarian or military intervention needs clarification; then a priori objections against justifiable military intervention postpone its interpretation indefinitely. Only justice may legitimate armed interventions to protect the innocent by disarming their attacker. It requires a re-understanding of sovereignty as the responsibility to protect. From this, preventive military intervention remains unjustifiable. Nevertheless, in the case of an effective and imminent threat, the absolute and immediately necessity to protect oneself or another does legitimate first action as an ultimate defence under contradiction, as shown by the defence against the holy war of terrorism. But it requires systematic investigation concerning the specific situations and purposes implied. So, only human rights can legitimate military intervention, according to this rethinking of the criteria, and only to protect oneself and others; and the implementation of such an intervention, in complex situations, requires extreme prudence and considerable wisdom.