Disciplinary Infractions Research Articles

Factors for increasing the efficiency of using working time for knowledge workers in water transport

Working time is the most valuable resource in the field of production and labor. The effectiveness of its use has always been given special attention not only by economists, but also by sociologists and psychologists. According to labor legislation, working time is the time during which an employee, in accordance with the rules of the internal labor regulations and the terms of the employment contract, must perform labor duties, as well as other periods of time related to the worker. Thus, working time includes not only the time of the main, but also auxiliary work, the time of regulated breaks and some other types of expenses of the working day.
 According to research, the loss of working time at domestic enterprises is sufficient. The reasons are: low level of labor organization, violations of labor discipline, and circumstances beyond the control of the employee, for example, poor quality of management function implementation. The elimination of at least unjustified losses of working time, at the existing level of labor organization, can increase the efficiency of domestic enterprises by more than 10%

Management of Islamic Boarding School Shapes the Character of Santri Discipline

This research aims to describe the implementation of student discipline at the Assyariatul Uluum Islamic Boarding School. This research used qualitative research, and data collection was carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation, all of which were used to answer questions about the management of student discipline at the Assyariatul Uluum Sumedang Islamic Boarding School. Findings in the management of Santri discipline, including Planning for Santri discipline at the Assyariatul Uluum Sumedang Islamic Boarding School, including a) formulating Santri discipline goals by the vision, mission, and objectives of the Assyariatul Uluum Sumedang Islamic Boarding School; b) make disciplinary regulations for students; c) create guidelines for violations along with sanctions that will be given to disciplinary violators; and d) determine a schedule of student disciplinary activities. The implementation of Santri discipline at the Assyariatul Uluum Islamic Boarding School includes: 1) Providing direction regarding Santri discipline. 2) Motivate students regarding student discipline. 3) Lead the course of student discipline. 4) Communicate with students to provide an understanding of student discipline. 5) Make decisions regarding student disciplinary violations.

From High Discipline Referrals to High-Engagement Classrooms: A Design-Based Approach to Creating a Campus-Wide Culture of Positive Learning Support for At-Risk Student Populations through Transforming Educators’ Instructional Teaming Practices

Instructional leaders in many school districts throughout the United States are increasingly confronted with spiraling numbers of discipline referrals from teachers who are unable to manage the off-task behaviors and discipline infractions of the growing percentages of diverse, academically at-risk students populating their classrooms. Many of these at-risk students, who come from families that are economically disadvantaged and have culturally rich and linguistically diverse backgrounds, have become stigmatized and minoritized by an education system whose curricula are often woefully inadequate in being able to meet the unique social and academic support needs of these diverse learners. This article profiles how one high school principal and his instructional turnaround leadership task force colleagues working in a high diversity urban school district utilized multi-leveled data analysis investigative thinking and innovative professional learning program design strategies derived from the education improvement science literature to implement a comprehensive intervention program for ninth through twelfth grade teams of core content teachers and their instructional supervisors. The specific goals of the intervention program were to: 1) change educators’ entrenched pedagogical thinking and instructional planning mindsets regarding the motivation levels and learning capabilities of the high discipline referral students who regularly engage in off-task disruptive behaviors in their classrooms; and 2) transform teachers’ instructional data teaming practices to better serve the academic learning support needs of the campus’s minoritized students. The design-based approach to instructional improvement employed in the high school case study leveraged the use of multiple cycles of new knowledge and skills acquisition, critical self-reflection, and immersive professional learning to assist educators in exploring how to engage together in authentic data teaming and data analysis–informed differentiated instructional planning to craft high-engagement classroom learning environments and interactive instructional units to effectively address the academic development and support needs of the campus’s diverse, at-risk learners.

Pertanggung Jawaban Penyidik Kepolisian Terhadap Kasus Salah Tangkap

The case of wrongful arrest is not a new story in the world of Indonesian law. Wrongful arrest or error in person are people who individually or collectively suffer physically or mentally as a result of procedural errors or errors in the investigation or detention process carried out by authorized law enforcement officials or similar. So it can be concluded that the victims of wrongful arrest were caused by errors in the investigation or detention process. Police officers in carrying out their duties must prioritize the principle of presumption of innocence to avoid mistakes in making arrests. The National Police's mistakes in carrying out arrests include disciplinary violations and violations of the Indonesian Police Professional Code of Ethics. Considering that the consequences of a wrongful arrest case are very large as described above, especially for the victim, it is the obligation of the National Police investigator to be accountable for his actions. The Criminal Procedure Code explains the rights obtained by victims of wrongful arrest, namely compensation as regulated in Article 95 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Procedure Code which states that suspects, defendants or convicts have the right to claim compensation for being arrested, detained, prosecuted and tried or subjected to other actions without reasons based on law or because of a mistake regarding the person or the law applied, and receive rehabilitation as regulated in article 97 of the Criminal Procedure Code.

The applicability of article 105 of State Law no. 20.665/2021 to PMPR disciplinary proceedings

The disciplinary process in the Military Police of Paraná (PMPR) plays a crucial role in maintaining the discipline and proper conduct of the military police. It is instituted when there are indications of disciplinary infractions and aims to investigate the facts, apply the appropriate sanctions and preserve institutional integrity. During the disciplinary process, it is possible that the military police officer expresses his intention to present a request for dismissal, requesting his dismissal from the corporation. However, the request for dismissal does not interrupt the disciplinary process, which may continue even after its submission, depending on the seriousness of the infractions. Considering the guidelines established by Law 20.656/2021 for disciplinary administrative processes within the scope of the State of Paraná, this work aims to enable, through exploratory research, the initial understanding about the applicability of article 105 of the aforementioned law within the scope of the disciplinary process of the PMPR.

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Dokter Dalam Melakukan Praktik Kedokteran Terkait Dengan Dugaan Pelanggaran Disiplin Yang Berdampak Terhadap Malpraktik

Malpractice can be interpreted as an act of negligence, error or a doctor's lack of ability to treat a patient so that it causes a bad outcome for the patient. Several malpractice cases that ended in decisions that did not blame the doctor and sanctions that were considered light were one of the things that made some people think that this law was not at all in favor of malpractice cases. Several doctors questioned how legal certainty would be for them if the Indonesian Medical Discipline Honorary Council (MKDKI) had decided that no disciplinary violations had been committed but the district court said otherwise. So, according to the author, it is necessary to carry out an analysis regarding the severity of the sanctions imposed by the Indonesian Medical Discipline Honorary Council and what the legal protection is for doctors who are suspected of practicing medicine related to disciplinary violations. This research uses the juridical-normative method, namely research conducted by examining the laws and regulations that apply or are applied to a particular legal issue. Indonesian Medical Discipline Honorary Council has the authority to handle violations of doctor's discipline. If there is a doctor's action that is classified as malpractice, Indonesian Medical Discipline Honorary Council can only be guided by a doctor's disciplinary violation. Disciplinary sanctions for doctors by the MKDKI include giving a written warning, recommending revocation of the STR or SIP and the obligation to take part in education or training at a medical/dental educational institution. The Indonesian Medical Discipline Honorary Council decision does not preclude the possibility for the doctor concerned to be examined, processed or sued criminally or civilly, because the Indonesian Medical Discipline Honorary Council decision has nothing to do with the application of law and criminal or civil legal sanctions and is basically a complaint, examination, up to the the Indonesian Medical Discipline Honorary Council decision or a public report. against doctors suspected of committing ethical violations is only limited to the ethics of the medical profession itself, which cannot be confused with the investigation process at the police, the prosecution process at the Prosecutor's Office until the court, or the lawsuit process at court.

СУТНІСНО-АНАЛІТИЧНІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ПОДАТКОВОГО БОРГУ В УКРАЇНІ

The substantiation of the essential content and the identification of trends in the growth/decrease of the tax debt is relevant in all countries of the world, since it cannot be completely eradicated in any country in the world, therefore one or another measures are taken to reduce it (voluntary and forced). For Ukraine, the question of the existence of tax debt is particularly relevant, as its volume increases annually. The article is devoted to deepening the theoretical foundations of the tax debt, highlighting its essential characteristics, as well as conducting an analysis of the tax debt in Ukraine and determining the reasons for its growth. The specificity of the scientific tasks, which are the subject of the research, required the use of a complex of special methods, the application of which helped to analyze the essence of the tax debt, to isolate its specific characteristics, and to conduct an analysis of its dynamics and structure in Ukraine. The article considers approaches to the interpretation of the content of tax debt. The first approach is based on domestic legislation, national accounting standards and the inevitable onset of liability for violation of tax discipline. The second approach is based on the behavior of the taxpayer, who makes a conscious decision to not pay his tax liability and takes responsibility for the violation of tax legislation in the form of fines and penalties. The author's definition of tax debt is proposed, which not only defines its content, but also contains the reasons and consequences of its existence. The essential characteristics of the tax debt, which relate to the non-fulfillment of the tax obligation by taxpayers, the reasons and results of its non-fulfilment, the need to agree on the monetary obligations of taxpayers, as well as the consequences of the existence of a tax debt for all participants in tax relations, are substantiated. As a result of the conducted analysis, it was established that in recent years in Ukraine, despite the constant improvement of tax legislation and the simplification of tax administration procedures, tax debt continues to accumulate. It was established that in order to reduce the amount of tax debt, it is necessary to carry out various measures of influence on taxpayers by the controlling bodies. For honest taxpayers, it is worth applying incentive measures in the form of exemption from tax audits for a certain period, and for dishonest taxpayers who have a tax debt, it is advisable to increase the responsibility for committing an offense.

Internal and external threats to enterprise security: essence and diagnostics

The paper studies the essence and diagnostics of internal and external threats to enterprise security. External threats to the enterprise are identified, in particular, unfavorable changes in the political and economic situation in the country, the use of unfair competition methods, unreliability of suppliers, partners and contractors, natural and technical emergencies, unauthorized access of competitors to confidential information of the enterprise, imperfection of the regulatory framework, industrial and economic espionage, changes in consumer tastes and preferences. The author identifies internal threats to the enterprise, in particular, low professional level of the top management of the enterprise, violation of labor discipline, outflow of qualified personnel, decrease in the professional qualification level of personnel, violation of the regime of commercial secrecy, low level of innovation activity of the enterprise, lack of an effective planning system at all levels, low technical and technological levels of production. The author analyzes what negative consequences can result from threats to the security of an enterprise from its administrative and managerial staff and personnel in general, suppliers and other contractors and consumers. The author identifies the tools whose implementation can preventively influence key business processes and minimize negative consequences in the event of threats. As for the tool that has effectively proven itself among enterprises in developed countries and is used to support the internal environment in terms of developing managerial and human resources, it is worth noting the corporate entrepreneurship assessment tool (CEAI). As for the tool that is actively used, including by domestic entrepreneurs, to collect and analyze customer data, which allows storing information about the history of interaction with customers and increasing their loyalty, it is worth mentioning a CRM system.

Langkah Kepala Sekolah Dalam Pengambilan Keputusan

This study aims to learn how SMP Negeri 5 Bukittinggi's school principal uses their leadership style to make decisions about disciplinary violations. This exploration is subjective examination, as a contextual investigation. In this exploration, the school head, teachers and understudies were the asset people. In this examination, information was gathered through interview strategies, perception and documentation. The strategy utilized is source triangulation. The discoveries from the examination express that 1) The school head's dynamic cycle depends on recognizing issues in regards to infringement of educator and understudy discipline, where the outcomes show that the chief carries out a technique by gathering the infringement into gentle, moderate to serious classes and afterward deciding suitable authorizations. will be given. Then the following methodology, 2) In the dynamic cycle in view of the reason for the event, where the school chief glances at what made the infringement happen. Lastly 3) The dynamic interaction depends on the effect on understudies and educators, where the procedure carried out by the school chief is to lay out correspondence and socialization with the goal that instructors and understudies are more focused

PENERAPAN TEKNIK KONSELING RET UNTUK MEMINIMALISIR PERILAKU BULLYING DI SMP X

This research was motivated by the large number of students who committed disciplinary violations at school. So it is an interesting problem for the author to use as a research title because it is related to the smoothness of the teaching and learning process and the success of students' learning. One of the disciplinary violations often committed by SMP X students is bullying friends, both individually and in groups, and there are many other violations. Therefore, special assistance is needed, namely group counseling services so that students' problems can be resolved. One of the techniques used to change the behavior of undisciplined students at school is the Rational Emotive Therapy (RET) technique with the hope of changing inappropriate behavior into behavior that is in accordance with school rules and regulations. The aim of this research is to find out how to apply group counseling using the Rational Emotive Therapy (RET) technique in dealing with student disciplinary violations at SMP X. The method used in this research is a literature study. The object of research is students who violate school rules and regulations. The samples that will be used as research are students in grades VII, VIII and IX.

Penyelesaian Sengketa Pelanggaran Disiplin Pegawai Negeri Sipil oleh Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara Kupang

The purpose of this research is to analyze the settlement of disputes over violations of civil servant discipline by the Kupang State Administrative Court. This research method is normative legal research. The location of this research was conducted at the Kupang State Administrative Court Office. The type of data used in this research is normative research, the data used is secondary data. Data collection techniques that will be carried out are through literature studies and also interviews with sources, namely judges. Data processing techniques in this research conduct studies or analyses in a descriptive juridical and prescriptive juridical manner on legal materials. The result of this research is that the types of employment disputes examined, decided and resolved by PTUN Kupang are generally 2 (two) types, namely disputes due to disciplinary punishment and disputes due to rotation, mutation / promotion and / or filling positions. The subject of litigation specifically for employment disputes is an active and/or former civil servant acting as a plaintiff against a state administrative body or official. The state administrative decision being challenged or the object of the dispute is a decision relating to disciplinary punishment or rotation, transfer/promotion or filling a position against a Civil Servant. The procedure or process of examining civil service disputes at the PTUN is basically the same as examining state administrative disputes in general, namely through 3 (three) processes, namely, the Administrative Process, the Examination Process and the Trial Process, with an examination using a choice of procedural law, namely the Ordinary Procedure, Fast Procedure or Short Procedure.

Juridical Analysis of Disciplinary Enforcement of State Civil Servants within the Batam City Government

The government has established regulations related to discipline, namely Government Regulation Number 94 of 2021 concerning Civil Servant Discipline. This regulation is intended to create employees with moral integrity, professionalism and accountability so that it can be used as a guide in enforcing discipline. However, the reality in the field is that disciplinary violations among ASN within the Batam City Government still occur frequently and repeatedly.This research aims to find out how the implementation of discipline enforcement of State Civil Apparatus within the Batam City Government. This research uses a qualitative type of research. The research method is empirical normative research, namely examining the factual implementation or implementation of positive legal provisions and contracts in each specific legal event, so this research requires primary data and secondary data. Data sources were obtained from primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials.The obstacles faced in enforcing discipline are caused by lessthan optimal supervision, guidance and leadership not being firm in imposing disciplinary sanctions, a less conducive work environment, low awareness of the importance of discipline by ASN, a lack of sense of responsibility in carrying out their duties/work, and low emotional intelligence. influenced by the level of education. The solution to facing obstacles to enforcing discipline is by giving sanctions or firm action to employees who are proven to have committed disciplinary violations, providing rewards or awards, socializing disciplinary regulations, placing employees through transfers, rotating based on assessment results and in accordance with competency standards as well as interests and talents. employees, as well as improving education so that emotional intelligence increases. The research results show that the implementation of enforcement of disciplinary sanctions in the Batam City Order Environment has been running according to the applicable mechanism but has not been implemented optimally. While legal arrangements regarding enforcement of discipline for civil servants already exist, sanctions for violations of medium level disciplinary penalties have not been effectively implemented because government regulations have not yet been issued as supporting regulations in accordance with the mandate of article 42 of Government Regulation Number 94 of 2021. The government is expected to immediately issue government regulations as regulations supporter in determining sanctions for moderate level disciplinary violations.

SURVEY ON DISSENTING OPINIONS IN THE JURISPRUDENCE OF COLLEGIAL PUBLIC FINANCE BODIES IN POLAND

Dissenting opinions to the rulings of state bodies are submitted very rarely. The purpose of this article was to identify the reasons for this phenomenon in case of rulings of collegial public finance bodies, such as committees adjudicating on cases of violation of public finance discipline (including joint adjudication committee, inter-ministerial adjudication committee, adjudication committee at the Chief of Staff of the Prime Minister Chancellery, regional adjudication committees at regional accounting chambers, the Main Adjudication Committee) and rulings of local government appeal boards adjudicating on tax matters. The research was conducted using the Computer-Assisted Web Interview research technique. The research material included 67 questionnaires completed by a group of employees-adjudicators of the above-mentioned bodies. Their analysis led to the following research findings which explained why dissenting opinions to the decisions of collegial public finance authorities are submitted so seldom: rare occurrence of controversies among the members of the adjudicating panel, personality traits of the members of these bodies, and more specifically, striving to ensure their independence and a sense of collegiality. The shape of the procedural provisions governing the rules for submitting dissenting opinions cannot be seen as one of such reasons.

НЕКОТОРЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ТРУДА И ТРУДОВОЙ ДИСЦИПЛИНЫ НА ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ КАЗАХСКОЙ ССР В ВОЕННЫЕ ГОДЫ (1941-1945 ГГ.)

Labour was one of the key aspects of the relationship between power and society in the Soviet Union. The ideology of a conscious attitude to labour was an important component of socialist working discipline. However, with the outbreak of World War II and the challenges it posed, including economic crisis, starvation and devastation, the problems of labour discipline in the work collectives became more pronounced. Under wartime conditions, workers were sometimes forced to take extraordinary measure to solve their problems. Despite the fact that the orders and decrees of the Soviet leadership testify to the strict regulation of the life of Soviet society on the home front, violations of labour discipline expose many structural problems of the Soviet system of management. Numerous forms of labour discipline violations were documented at industrial enterprises during the war. The study of the peculiarities and problems of labour organization at enterprises evacuated to Kazakhstan provides an opportunity to understand the nature and features of the functioning of the Soviet mobilisation system within the war years. The study of labour discipline of workers at defence enterprises during the war also allows us to go beyond established ideological frameworks. The main group of sources includes documents extracted from the fonds of the Archive of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan (AP RK), the State Archive of Western Kazakhstan Region (GAZKO), the State Archive of Almaty city (GA Almaty).

CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN A MODERN SCHOOL

Teachers frequently face a myriad of challenges in their classrooms, ranging from the complexities of managing student behavior to the imperative task of cultivating a modern and conducive educational environment, all while striving to employ effective teaching methodologies. Acknowledging the paramount significance of these multifaceted issues, the primary objective of this article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the pivotal problems encountered in classroom management and to explore various approaches aimed at addressing them adeptly. In our study, we used theoretical and empirical methods and identified a wide range of discipline violations by students of the 7th grades of one of the schools that took part in the survey. Such violations include the following: conversations in the classroom, nonattendance, walking around the classroom during the lesson. At the same time, such forms of violations were indicated, which are a characteristic phenomenon of our era. Among them: listening to music using the smartphone, messaging with other students in the classroom, verbal sparring with the teacher, ignoring teacher's questions, etc. Thus, the range of violations of discipline by schoolchildren is quite wide. It should be noted that all this happens in the school classroom. Effective classroom management means anticipating problems in advance, and creating conditions in which children will behave adequately and learn successfully. Simultaneously, it's imperative for teachers to grasp that the objective isn't solely to establish an ideal disciplinary regime or exercise complete control over students. Rather, it's about orchestrating an environment conducive to learning and knowledge acquisition, where children can thrive and flourish academically and personally.

Electronic disciplinary violations and methods of proof in Jordanian and Egyptian laws

Electronic disciplinary violations and methods of proof in Jordanian and Egyptian laws

Electronic disciplinary violations and methods of proof in Jordanian and Egyptian laws

Electronic disciplinary violations and methods of proof in Jordanian and Egyptian laws

קיבוץ ניצנים במלחמת העצמאות: ההיבט האנושי

In this study, I examine new aspects regarding the state of Kibbutz Nitzanim during the First Arab-Israeli War. Based on a microhistory approach of bottom-up and inside-out research, this article sheds light on the day-to-day reality in the Kibbutz, which included enthusiastic work and anxiety; feelings of discrimination and pride; bitterness and elation; all woven together to reflect people's natural – and occasionally touching – reactions. Most surviving documents of that time, such as official letters, journals, telegrams, and personal memoires, can be found at the Massuah Archive, the IDF and Defense Establishment Archives, and the Kibbutz Archive, and these have been the basis of my study. This archival material, as well as the nature of the connections that kibbutz members had with each other and themselves, shed light on the relations they formed with the enforcements, the regional brigade (Givati), and the political-security establishment. These relations deeply affected the spirit of Nitzanim residents during the siege and played a big part in determining the results of the battle over the position. Over the years, many profound discussions were held over the 1948 battle of Nitzanim. Thus far, this dispute over the reasons for the fall of Nitzanim and who was to blame for it, has left out a description of the 'simple people's' daily lives in the kibbutz. In this article, I aim to mend this. According to my findings, ordinary life (during this emergency) was highly influential and affected the endurance of soldiers there. For example, we can find descriptions of shows of leadership and solidarity alongside disciplinary infractions and despair. This polarity would eventually be conducive to the downfall of Kibbutz Nitzanim, which was captured on June 7th, 1948.

Analisis Penerapan Sistem Sanksi dalam Meningkatkan Kedisiplinan Pegawai Dinas Kepemudaan dan Keolahragaan Provinsi Sumatera Utara

This study aims to analyze the application of the sanction system in improving the discipline of employees of the Department of Youth and Sports of North Sumatra Province. The method used is a qualitative method with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews with 10 employees who work at the Department of Youth and Sports of North Sumatra Province. The results showed that the application of the sanction system has succeeded in improving employee discipline, especially in terms of attendance and timely completion of tasks. However, there are still obstacles in applying sanctions to violations that are more complex and unclear rules. Therefore, it is recommended that the Department of Youth and Sports of North Sumatra Province improve and clarify the sanction system applied and provide training to employees about the consequences of disciplinary violations.

Concept and types of war crimes and the order of their investigation in the Ukrainian People's Republic for the Central Rada

The article carries out a historical and legal analysis of the concept and types of war crimes and the order of their investigation in Ukraine under the Central Rada. It is shown that at the beginning of the Ukrainian Revolution, the «Military Criminal Statute» in the edition of July 1, 1879, with some later additions, remained in force in the military chronicles. More than 90% of the considered cases before the start of the Ukrainian revolution concerned: 1) voluntary desertion of a military unit (escape); 2) not showing up for duty at the specified time; 3) violation of the order and rules of guard service; 4) inappropriate behavior in relation to seniors in military rank, as well as officials who performed special military service duties; 5) loss and deliberate damage to military property. Of course, the revolutionary events in Ukraine made adjustments to the structure of crimes (for example, the consideration of cases under the desertion article increased), but the above-mentioned trends persisted.
 It was emphasized that the military legislation of the time provided for a preliminary investigation. Suspect servicemen who were on active duty were called in for investigation directly through their commanders. Legal reasons for not appearing at the investigation were considered to be: deprivation of the accused's liberty; natural force majeure that prevented timely arrival at the place of interrogation (for example, flooding of rivers); accident; illness (including close relatives); death. In the case of hostilities during the war, the possibility/impossibility of the arrival of the accused or witnesses was determined by the military investigator. If a military witness did not appear for questioning without reason, the military investigator was obliged to immediately inform his command.
 It is noted that at the initial stage of the Ukrainian revolution, the investigation of war crimes took place in accordance with the current Russian legislation. Most often, offenses of a disciplinary nature were recorded (violation of military discipline, disobedience to the leadership, etc.). Desertion from military units has gained a menacing scope. A new challenge for the Ukrainian authorities was the violation of social order by military personnel and the spread of Bolshevik propaganda. Revolutionary expediency led to the fact that the Central Rada took the path of mitigating punishments for military personnel who committed minor offenses on the condition that they prove that the said actions were carried out for political reasons. In particular, the Amnesty Law of 1917 provided for the absence of punishment for those who voluntarily left their military units to join Ukrainian military units.