Vinyl Acetate Research Articles

Correlation of surface properties with dissolution behavior of amorphous solid dispersion of Riluzole and its pharmacodynamic evaluation

Formulation of amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) of any poorly water-soluble drug is among the most promising techniques to increase the dissolution profile of drug and hence its bioavailability. Various literatures give evidences of the role of drug-polymer interactions in the ASD systems, very little information is available about the surface properties of the drug molecule and their ASDs which contributes to a higher dissolution profile. Current work focuses on exploring the surface behavior of a poorly water-soluble drug Riluzole (RLZ) and its ASDs prepared with two highly hydrophilic polymers, polyacrylic acid (PAA), and polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate (PVP VA). Initial characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed about the weight fraction of drug required to prepare a single-phase homogenous system with both the polymers. The saturation solubility and the dissolution studies showed an increase in RLZ solubility as well as the dissolution profile due to the presence of polymers. The role of polymers in changing the surface properties in terms of wettability and polarity were explored using contact angle method and X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS). Additionally, the neuroprotective efficacy and dose dependent hepatotoxicity were also evaluated in male wistar rats. These studies confirmed the increase in the surface polarity and hence the enhanced ability of ASD formulations to interact with water. The in vivo studies indicated that at the current recommended dose the efficacy as well as toxicity is increased for the ASD formulation. Hence, this formulation can be given at a lower dose to achieve same therapeutic effect with lower toxicity.

Impact of dissolution medium pH and ionization state of the drug on the release performance of amorphous solid dispersions

Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are widely employed as a strategy to improve oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble compounds. Typically, optimal dissolution performance from a polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate (PVPVA) based ASD is observed at relatively low drug loading limit. Above a certain drug load, termed limit of congruency (LoC), the release from ASDs significantly decreases. So far, the majority of the dissolution behavior has been tested in conditions where the drug primarily exists in unionized form. In this work, the impact of pH of the dissolution environment on the release performance of ASDs of an ionizable drug was studied. Atazanavir (ATZ), a weakly basic drug with a pKa of 4.5 was used as a model compound and PVPVA was used as a non-ionizable matrix polymer. Dissolution rate was measured using Wood's apparatus which normalizes the surface area of the dissolving tablet. The pH of the dissolution media was varied between 1 and 6.8, cover a range where ATZ exists as >99% ionized or unionized species. At pH 6.8, near complete release was observed only when the drug load was ≤ 6%. Unlike typically observed drastic decline in release behavior for PVPVA based ASDs above LoC, ATZ ASDs underwent gradual decline in dissolution behavior when the DL was increased to 8%. This was attributed to potential formation of an ATZ-PVPVA associated phase with dissolution rate slower than neat PVPVA. However, the 10% DL ASD showed negligible ATZ release. On another extreme (pH 1) where ATZ is ∼100% ionized, the dissolution rate of ATZ was faster than that of PVPVA. ASD dissolution rate was found to be slower than that of the neat drug but faster than PVPVA and interestingly, did not change with DL. This can be attributed to formation of an ionized ATZ-PVPVA phase which controls the dissolution rate of the ASD. At pH 3, where the drug is ∼97% ionized, near complete release was observed for drug loads ≤ 8%. To observe significant increase in drug loading with near complete release, >98% ionization of ATZ was required. At pH 2 where ATZ is ∼99.7% ionized, near complete release was observed for drug loads up to 30%. Furthermore, the deterioration in dissolution performance with an increase in drug load continued to be gradual at pH 2. The enhancement in dissolution performance did not correlate with solubility enhancement of ATZ due to ionization. We theorize that the enhancement in the dissolution performance due to ionization is the result of formation of an ionized ATZ-PVPVA phase which increases the hydrophilicity and the miscibility of the ASD. This can help resist water induced phase separation during ASD dissolution and therefore, result in continuous, and congruent dissolution of the drug and polymer.

Dielectric parameters of polymers and monomers of the vinyl series in the microwave range

The production of polymeric materials is one of the fast-growing sectors in the chemical industry. Improving methods for synthesizing high-molecular compounds and studying their physicochemical characteristics are important tasks of synthetic chemistry. Radical polymerization is currently the main method for producing polymeric materials. Its advantages involve simplicity and low cost, along with the possibility of obtaining a wide range of polymeric materials. The results of measuring the dielectric parameters of various high-molecular compounds (polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, poly(glycidyl methacrylate)) in the frequency range of 100–200 GHz (refractive index and dielectric loss tangent tgδ) are presented. The compounds under study were both those synthesized by radical polymerization with the participation of the conventional initiator, i.e., azobisisobutyric acid dinitrile, and commercial products. The absorption capacity of polymers at room temperature was compared. Polymers with the highest and lowest absorption capacity were determined. The dependence of tgδ on frequency for all the polymers under study is linear, with absorption in the polymers increasing with frequency. Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) exhibits the highest absorption among the studied macromolecules with tgδ being equal to 0.043 at 200 GHz. The minimum tgδ value of 0.0068 was found for polystyrene. For the polymers under study, the refractive index value varies in the range from 1.09 to 1.39. In addition, dielectric properties of the original vinyl monomers (styrene, vinyl acetate, glycidyl methacrylate) were studied. The results are of interest when developing approaches to obtaining polymeric materials with specified characteristics based on vinyl monomers by the method of radical polymerization.

Polyester Adhesives via One-Pot, One-Step Copolymerization of Cyclic Anhydride, Epoxide, and Lactide.

Polyesters (PEs) are sustainable alternatives for conventional polymers owing to their potential degradability, recyclability, and the wide availability of bio-based monomers for their synthesis. Herein, we used a one-pot, one-step self-switchable polymerization linking the ring-opening alternating copolymerization (ROAC) of epoxides/cyclic anhydrides with the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of L-lactide (LLA) to synthesize PE-based hot-melt adhesives with a high bio-based content. In the cesium pivalate-catalyzed self-switchable polymerization of glutaric anhydride (GA), butylene oxide (BO), and LLA using a diol initiator, the ROAC of GA and BO proceeded whereas the ROP of LLA simultaneously proceeded very slowly, resulting in a copolyester consisting of poly(GA-alt-BO) and poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) segments with tapered regions, that is, PLLA-tapered block-poly(GA-alt-BO)-tapered block-PLLA (PLLA-tb-poly(GA-alt-BO)-tb-PLLA). Additionally, a series of tapered-block or real-block copolyesters consisting of poly(anhydride-alt-epoxide) (A segment) and PLLA (B segment) with AB-, BAB-, (AB)3-, and (AB)4-type architectures of different compositions and molecular weights were synthesized by varying the monomer combinations, alcohol initiators, and initial feed ratios. The lap shear tests of these copolyesters revealed an excellent relationship between the adhesive strength and polymer structural parameters. The (AB)4-type star-block copolyester (poly(GA-alt-BO)-tb-PLLA)4 exhibited the best adhesive strength (6.74 ± 0.64 MPa), comparable to that of commercial products, such as PE-based and poly(vinyl acetate)-based hot-melt adhesives.

Intelligent Reversible Reconfigurable Metamaterials Based on a Two-Way Shape Memory Polymer.

The development of intelligent reversible reconfigurable metamaterials has great significance in constructing three-dimensional metamaterials and introducing reversible tunability into metamaterials. Here, we introduce an intelligent metamaterial consisting of a two-way shape memory polymer (2W-SMP) ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) actuator substrate and a patterned flexible-rigid film. Mechanical buckling of the 2W-SMP substrate was controlled by thermal stimulation. This makes it possible to afford an ability to initiate 3D structure formation or shape reconfiguration remotely in an on-demand fashion. In addition, the shape of the 2W-SMP substrate is temperature-dependent, allowing repeatable reversible deformation through temperature control after a single programming. Therefore, the electromagnetic properties of metamaterials can also be repeatedly and reversibly tuned between 9.15 and 10.82 GHz. Experimental demonstrations include the deformation and tunable electromagnetic properties of intelligent reversible reconfigurable metamaterial cells. The results create many opportunities for advanced programmable three-dimensional metamaterials.

Study on the formation process of methane hydrates on the surface of wax crystals with pour point depressant

Molecular dynamics simulations were applied to clarify the kinetic pathways and mechanism in the process of methane hydrate formation on the wax crystal surface with ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). The simulation results showed that methane molecules near the surfaces would adsorb on the surfaces of wax-EVA eutectic, while hydrates formed in the bulk of the solution away from the surfaces. The VA side chains on the wax crystal surface inhibit/promote the growth of hydrates by influencing the growth and re-dissolution process of methane nano-bubbles on eutectic surface. When a small amount of VA side chains was introduced on the wax crystal surface, as the simulation proceeded, the generated hydrates would gradually decompose. However, when more VA side chains distribute on the surface of wax crystals, the growth rate of hydrates would increase. In addition, hydrates and wax crystals could connect through a semi-cage structure, in which the VA side chain served as the guest of this semi-cage, making the eutectic and hydrates form a whole and increasing the risk of co-deposition of wax crystals and hydrates.

Numerical and experimental blast response of multilayer laminated glass panels

Laminated glass is used in high-security buildings to mitigate the effects of blasts and ballistic loadings. The multi-layered composition of the laminated glass (LG) panels allows the glass panes to crack and undergo large deflections while preventing glass shards from spalling by mostly remaining attached to the polymeric interlayer. To characterize multilayer LG panels under blast loading, it is essential to develop their static resistance response under uniform loading. A full-scale water chamber was used to experimentally evaluate the quasistatic response to the failure of the multilayer LG panel systems under uniform pressure. The influence of different polymeric interlayer types on the response of multilayer LG panels was studied. Also, the glass breakage patterns and deflections exhibited by various multilayer glass configurations were investigated. The response of LG panels under blast was developed using ANSYS AUTODYN, which was verified using field experiments. LG panels with an Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) polymeric interlayer experienced the most dynamic deflections, whereas LG panels with an ionoplast SentryGlas® (SG) polymeric interlayer displayed the least dynamic deflections. The results indicated that multilayer LG systems provide higher blast resistance compared to double-layer systems; the additional layers can help reduce glass breakage and maintain structural integrity. Multilayer LG system’s SG interlayer enhanced blast protection by allowing load transfer and ensuring uniform load distribution between glass layers.

Durability Properties of Steel Textiles and Bonding Properties at the Interface of Steel Textiles with Reinforced Mortar-Reinforced Concrete Systems.

Aging and deterioration of building structures have been persistent concerns in the field of engineering. To address these challenges while supporting modern green and sustainable development goals, this study introduces an innovative reinforcement system that employs steel textiles as the primary reinforcing material. The steel textiles were engineered by optimizing the compatibility between steel fibers and a hot melt adhesive (HMA). These textiles were then used to reinforce concrete structures, creating a steel textile-reinforced mortar (STRM)-reinforced concrete system. The study also examined the durability of the steel textiles and the interfacial bonding performance within the STRM-reinforced concrete system. The results showed that the compatibility between steel fibers and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (HMA-2) is better, and the steel textiles prepared with it have superior hydrothermal and corrosion resistance. After the system had been maintained for 28 days, the overall flexural strength of the STRM-reinforced concrete system was increased by 100.03%, the interfacial shear load by 49.54%, the interfacial shear stiffness by 61.2%, and the positive tensile bond performance by 26.1%. This proves that STRM has a good reinforcement effect on the concrete reinforcement system.

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polypropylene, Polyoxymethylene and Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Modified with Adhesive Resins

Polyoxymethylene (POM), polypropylene (PP), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) have been blended with adhesive-grade ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), propylene elastomer (VMX), isobutylene–isoprene rubber (IIR) and an acrylic block copolymer (MMA-nBA-MMA). The blends were prepared using a two-roll mill and injection molding. The mechanical properties of the blends, such as tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at maximum load, and impact resistance, were investigated. The water contact angle, melt flow rate (MFR), and differential scanning calorimetry were ascertained to evaluate the blends. The blend samples exhibited the following properties: all POM/EVA blends showed reduced crystallinity compared to neat POM; the 80% PMMA/20% MMA-nBA-MMA blend showed improved impact resistance by 243% compared to the neat PMMA. An antiplasticization effect was observed for POM/EVA 1% blends and PMMA/EVA 1% blends, with MFR reduced by 1% and 3%, respectively. The MFR of the PP/IIR 1% blend increased by 5%, then decreased below the MFR near the polymer for the remaining IIR concentrations.

Chemo-rheological deterioration of bitumen due to UV ageing: correlations between accelerated UV ageing tests and 1-year outdoor exposure

Predicting the performance of asphalt roads after several years of service is complex due to multiple weather events that can contribute to road ageing. This study investigates the correlation between an accelerated ultraviolet (UV) ageing test and the ageing of polymer-modified binders after 1 year spent in outdoor conditions. The impact of natural ageing on several bituminous binders was investigated by rheological and chemical analyses. Plastomer-modified (ethylene vinyl acetate) bitumen seemed to be the most affected by environmental ageing as evaluated through rheological and chemical testing. Elastomer-modified (styrene butadiene styrene) bitumen appeared to be the most resistant to environmental ageing as expressed by non-load related cracking resistance and relaxation properties as well as low oxidation levels. The natural ageing test confirmed the results obtained via the accelerated UV ageing test considering the Glover-Rowe parameter (average R2 = 0.89). The 30-day accelerated UV test was estimated to fasten natural ageing of conventional and plastomer-modified bitumen by more than 10 times and up to 5 times for elastomer-modified bitumen compared to long-term outdoor exposure. If used with a suitable weather dataset, accelerated UV ageing is a promising method to predict the environmental-related ageing of conventional unmodified bitumen; however, adjustments are required for polymer-modified binders.

MoS2@Fe3O4 prepared by γ-ray in situ reduction for enhancing the fire safety and mechanical properties of EVA/MCA composites

The high flammability of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA) limits its important applications in fire safety, and the addition of highly effective flame retardants can improve this deficiency. Melamine cyanurate (MCA) has limited carbon-forming ability and therefore is often combined with other flame retardants to achieve synergistic flame retardant effects and thus improve the flame retardancy of EVA. Therefore, in this study, MoS2@Fe3O4 hybrid materials were synthesized by in-situ growth of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and ferric oxide (Fe3O4) and their structures were characterized using various techniques. The hybrids were blended with melamine cyanurate (MCA) into ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) by melt blending method to reduce the fire hazard. The EVA composites with 1.0 wt% MoS2@Fe3O4 blends significantly improved the coke residue and limiting oxygen index values to 22.5 % and 23.2 %, while their peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke release were reduced by 62.5 %, 11.7 %, and 35.3 %, respectively, as compared to pure EVA. The results suggest that the use of MoS2@Fe3O4 hybrids in combination with MCA is a promising strategy for the development of advanced flame-retardant materials.

A Study on the Influence of Functionalized Graphene on the Mechanical and Biocompatibility Performance of Electrospun Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanocomposites

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a synthetic polymer produced by polymerizing vinyl acetate and subjecting it to alkaline hydrolysis, exhibits properties such as film formation, emulsification, and adhesion. However, pure PVA’s biocompatibility and mechanical properties are limited. Its hydrophilicity also causes it to dissolve in water and blood, rendering it less suitable for drug delivery applications. To address these limitations, PVA was crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA) to enhance toughness and resistance to water and blood dissolution. Additionally, carboxyl (COOH) and hydroxyl (OH) functionalized graphene were incorporated into electrospun PVA nanocomposites to further improve their mechanical properties. The results show that adding COOH- and OH-functionalized graphene in four different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt.%) significantly enhanced the mechanical characteristics of PVA nanocomposites. Tensile strength and Young's modulus increased substantially, with OH-functionalized graphene increasing tensile strength and Young's modulus by 224% and 338.3%, respectively, and COOH-functionalized graphene increasing these properties by 245.6% and 371.4%. Morphological characterization using FT-IR and FESEM confirmed the successful incorporation of graphene into the PVA matrix. Biocompatibility testing through APTT and PT assays showed both nanocomposites are biocompatible, suggesting their potential for biomedical applications. The optimal filler concentration for both graphene types was 1.5 wt.%. This research demonstrates the promising potential of innovative materials for healthcare and biomedical engineering applications.

Assessment of various polymeric sulphur as soft bitumen improver for pavement applications

ABSTRACT In this study, five polymeric sulphurs are utilised, including polymeric sulphur based on both aliphatic copolymers and styrene copolymers, namely PS1 to PS5 correlated to amorphous poly alpha olefins (APAO) PS1, olefin residues from MAC carpet company PS2, Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) copolymer PS3, Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS) copolymer PS4 and Dicyclopentadiene monomer (DCPD) PS5. The five polymeric sulphur compounds were mixed by 25wt% with soft bitumen penetration grade (80/100) to produce five sulphur-extended asphalt binders, namely SEA1, SEA2, SEA3, SEA4, and SEA5. The physical properties, including softening point, viscosity, and penetration, are examined to characterise the consistency of SEA binder. The dynamic mechanical behaviour such as complex modulus, temperature sweep, and stress relaxation test was investigated for SEA binder and compared with a reference soft bitumen (Blank) using a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). It is concluded that polymeric sulphur based on styrene compounds SEA2 and SEA4 binders have the highest resistance against cracking of the pavement at low temperatures according to penetration index readings, and have the least permanent (plastic) deformation at high temperatures according to temperature sweep from DMA data. It is noticed that SEA5 binder has a negative effect on the performance of soft bitumen.

In situ preparation of MoS2@Fe3O4 by radiation method and its application in flame retardancy, mechanical properties, and friction properties of EVA composites

In recent years, there has been significant interest in using two-dimensional MoS2 to enhance flame retardancy, which has proven challenging. MoS2@Fe3O4 nanosheets were successfully synthesized via a one-step method called radiation reduction to boost MoS2’s flame retardant properties. Incorporating these MoS2@Fe3O4 nanocomposites notably improved the flame retardancy of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). Compared to pure EVA, EVA nanocomposites with 1 part of MoS2@Fe3O4 showed a 17.4% reduction in peak heat release rate, 40.4% decrease in total heat release, and 52.9% reduction in total smoke release, with scaly residue content improving from 0.4% to 12.6%. Additionally, MoS2@Fe3O4 incorporation enhanced the mechanical and friction properties of EVA composites, increasing tensile strength by 25.7% and elongation at break by 10.4% compared to pure EVA. This study presents an effective and simple method for producing modified MoS2 nanosheets that enhance flame retardancy, as well as mechanical and friction properties of EVA composites.

Chitosan-graft-poly(vinyl acetate) for wood-adhesive applications

Poly(vinyl acetate), PVAc, adhesives are commonly used for wood bonding; however, they are fossil-based and the final products usually do not have a sufficient water resistance for more durable applications. In this study we prepared an adhesive formulation by grafting VAc from chitosan using emulsion polymerization, chitosan-graft-PVAc. Thereby, we could decrease the fossil-based content of the adhesive and at the same time significantly improve the water resistance. Chitosan by itself has very good bonding properties as a wood adhesive, especially regarding water resistance; however, very low solid contents of the adhesive formulation can be achieved due to a very high viscosity of chitosan adhesives. In our chitosan-graft-PVAc adhesives, we explored two chitosan samples with different molecular weights, by using as-received chitosan and hydrolyzing it to a lower molecular weight. The chitosan fractions in the adhesives prepared with a higher molecular weight chitosan were 15, 20 and 25 wt%. However, due to the high viscosity, a solid content higher than 17 wt% could not be achieved for these adhesives. Sufficient bond strengths were achieved when the adhesive was applied in 122 g/m2 solid spread rate. In order to decrease the viscosity, we used hydrolyzed chitosan, with a lower molecular weight, to allow for a higher adhesive solid content, 34 wt%, and for a higher chitosan fraction, 40 wt%. In the adhesive with 40 wt% chitosan and 17 wt% solid content, all VAc was grafted from chitosan. This decreased the molecular mobility of the chains, leading to a lower susceptibility to plastic creep in the adhesive which contributes to the final bond strength. The dry and wet strengths of the specimens bonded with adhesives containing chitosan were higher than the strength of the specimens bonded with the reference PVAc adhesive.

Manufacture, characterization, and elucidation of drug release mechanisms of etonogestrel implants based on ethylene vinyl acetate

In this work, etonogestrel implants were manufactured using coextrusion. The purpose of the study was to correlate changes in microstructure and transport properties that occurred in etonogestrel implants to drug release mechanisms. The implants consisted of an EVA 28 (28 % vinyl acetate) core containing dispersed and dissolved etonogestrel, and an EVA 15 (15 % vinyl acetate) skin. The drug release was determined to be via diffusion at a controlled rate and governed by implant dimensions. In-vitro release revealed evidence of supersaturation in the implant core and skin, likely from the intense mechanical energy input during the twin-screw manufacturing process. Subsequently during storage under ambient conditions, supersaturation resulted in recrystallization of drug crystals, preferentially in the implant core. Etonogestrel solubility and diffusivity in EVA were determined by permeation experiments and used for release modeling. Drug release from the EVA skin layer deviated from the predicted values due to 1) formation of a drug depletion zone in the core and 2) presence of a stagnant media layer adjacent to the skin. Drug release from implant ends was significantly faster than predicted. Air-filled pores were observed in the implant core using microCT which likely contributed to the faster release from implant ends.

Synthesis of tri/difluoromethyl pyrazoles by [3+2] cycloaddition of tri/difluoroacetohydrazonoyl bromides with vinyl acetates

An efficient [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction involving vinyl acetates with tri/difluoroacetohydrazonoyl bromides has been established. This reaction provides an efficient method for synthesis of highly valuable ring-fused fluoroalkyl pyrazoles in moderate to good yields under mild reaction conditions, exhibiting remarkable regioselectivity and broad substrate scopes. The strategy further demonstrated that tri/difluoroacetohydrazonoyl bromides are effective tri/difluoromethyl building blocks for synthesis of fluoroalkyl heterocycle compounds.

Solvent Effect in the Copolymerization of Ethylene and Vinyl Acetate

Solvent Effect in the Copolymerization of Ethylene and Vinyl Acetate

Flame Retardancy and Properties of Thermoplastic Vulcanizates from Dibutyl Phosphate-Bound Natural Rubber/Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Blends

ABSTRACT Dibutyl phosphate-bound epoxidized natural rubber (DBNR) was synthesized from natural rubber latex via epoxidation using a 20 mol% intermediate. Successful formation of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-20) and DBNR was confirmed by FTIR analysis. Thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) were prepared by dynamically vulcanizing blends of DBNR and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). The 50/50 DBNR/EVA TPV exhibited higher mixing torque during vulcanization, indicative of increased shear stress, shear rate, and tensile strength. This was attributed to finer dispersion of vulcanized rubber domains in the EVA matrix, leading to enhanced interfacial adhesion. Elongation at break decreased with increasing EVA content, while hardness and tension set increased, suggesting reduced elasticity at higher EVA proportions. Under heat aging, TPVs experienced degradation of mechanical properties and increased tension set, indicating loss of elastomeric behavior. Significantly, DBNR exhibited a low burning rate of 0.2 mm/s, imparting inherent flame retardancy. The burning rate of DBNR/EVA TPVs decreased with increasing DBNR content, demonstrating improved flame retardancy. Overall, DBNR/EVA TPVs exhibited favorable mechanical properties and flame retardancy, making them suitable for applications requiring flame-retardant elastomeric materials.

Flame-retarded and reinforced ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer with microencapsulated expandable graphite and microencapsulated red phosphorus

Simultaneously elevating fire safety and mechanical property is of great significance in flame retardation of polymers. Herein, a series of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) composites flame-retarded by expandable graphite (EG) were prepared and studied respecting their fire-retardant, mechanical, rheological and electrical properties. Results evince that combination of microencapsulated expandable graphite/microencapsulated red phosphorus (MEG/MRP) shows efficient fire-retarding effect on EVA in that adding merely 8 wt.% MEG/MRP can raise the polymer's limiting oxygen index to 26.6 % and UL-94 test to V-0 rating, whereas up to 20 wt.% EG and 10 wt.% EG/MRP are required for EVA to attain V-0 rating, respectively. The high efficiency is caused by more sizeable expansion ratio of MEG and high-quality expanded char resulting from MEG/MRP. Proper crosslinking of EVA matrix can augment strength and elasticity of EVA/MEG/MRP composite without lowering its fire retardance. Overall, the crosslinked EVA/MEG/MRP composite with 8 wt.% MEG/MRP shows good fire safety and mechanical property concurrently in contrast with virgin EVA.