Village Territory Research Articles

STRATEGIC LEVERS OF STATE REGULATION OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

The article substantiates and carries out a scientific assessment of the effectiveness of development and the peculiarities of the formation of the agro-production sphere in the conditions of our time. The subject-object basis of the research is the activity of enterprises in the agro-production sphere of Ukraine and agricultural enterprises of the Kharkiv region, Ukraine and foreign countries. The economy of the state and its development at the time of management depends more than anything on the progress and efficiency of the business entities of the agro-industrial complex (APC). In this context, agricultural entrepreneurship plays a key role in preserving the integrity of village territories, developing their infrastructure, and shaping the material well-being of the population, which covers not only the rural but also the general economy. In addition, agricultural entrepreneurship plays an important role in macroeconomic indicators, which are actively included in the gross domestic product of Ukraine. It occupies a stable leading position among other branches of the country’s economy.

Cosmology, Ecology, and Spirituality: Reappraising Stone Culture, Genna Tradition, and Ancestor Veneration among the Naga Tribes

In this article, the author intends to reappraise the Naga perceptions of cosmology and spirituality which are rooted in the spheres of ecology, folklore, stone culture, “gennas” (rituals and taboos), and ancestor veneration. Included within the realm of ecology are village territory, land, forest, and agricultural fields. The Naga spirituality is perceptible in persistent survival of revered human relationships with the nature and the supreme creator, enduring roles of shaman-priests and clan/village elders as also commitment toward village customs and gennas, including agricultural rituals plus reverence for elders.

IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs) POLICY IN IMPROVING COMMUNITY WELFARE

Abstract: This research aims to find out how the Sustainable Development Goals policy is implemented in improving community welfare in Riam Kijang Village, Sungai Tebelian District, Sintang Regency. Using qualitative methods, which is research where the discovery process does not use statistical processes. The research results show that the implementation of the sustainable development goals policy in improving community welfare has been implemented in accordance with the circular letter from the Ministry of Villages regarding the implementation of the SDGs Program. Even though the sustainability of the SDGs program has not been implemented in its entirety, the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals policy has not yet been felt by the people of Riam Kijang Village, but its implementation has been carried out quite well. The implementation of the SDGs program to improve welfare in Riam Village is: Data collection program, Village Data Collection, the process of extracting, collecting, recording, verifying and validating Village SDGs data, which contains objective data on the Village's territory and citizenship in the form of assets and potential Village assets that can be utilized for achieving Village Development goals. Keywords: Implementation, Policy, Sustainable Development Goals, Community Welfare.

POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION OF CITIES IN UKRAINE IN AREAS OF THE BELLIGHERATIVE LANDSCAPES’ SPREAD

Problem statement. The war of Russia against Ukraine, which began on February 24, 2022, brought the destruction of a large number of cities and villages in the regions that were in the zone of military operations. Many populated areas, regardless of their size and status in the country's settlement system, have been completely destroyed. In their place, only ruins remained, pits from houses burned down and broken to stone, countless craters from explosions and other types of disturbed territories. Unfortunately, as of April 2023, the war is still going on. On the territory of cities and villages, in fields and forests, on the banks of rivers, on the tops and slopes of hills and beams, along the roads connecting the settlements, as well as in other places located where battles were or continue to be fought, special types of landscapes have arisen, referred to in scientific publications as belligerative. They have special functioning mechanisms, special schemes for the destruction of the matrices of matter exchange, energy, information, momentum, and goal-setting, which exist both in zonal natural landscapes and in azonal anthropogenic landscapes. The area of belligerative landscapes is growing, and it is they who now dominate the ruined settlements and around them. The revival of cities after our victory is impossible without knowledge of the architectural and urban planning aspects of belligerative landscapes. The purpose of the article is to reveal the urban planning aspects of belligerent landscapes and the algorithm for their further accounting.

The Village Territory Theory and the Survey on Agricultural Settlements

The Village Territory Theory and the Survey on Agricultural Settlements

EVALUASI KEBIJAKAN TAMBANG MINYAK DAN GAS BUMI (MIGAS)

The purpose of this research is to find out how well oil and gas management policies comply with applicable regulations. The research location is in Jambe Bay, Kedungbanteng Village, Tanggulangin District, Sidoarjo Regency. Interviews, observations, and written notes were used as data collection methods in this qualitative research. As well as primary and secondary data are used as data sources. The research findings show that PT. MinarakBrantas Gas in managing the gas mine in TelukJambe, Kedungbanteng village, tends to ignore the applicable regulations as stipulated in Law No. 22 of 2001 concerning Oil and Gas and Regional Regulation No. 6 of 2009 concerning spatial planning for the Sidoarjo Regency area in 2009-2029. It can be seen as follows: (1) In terms of policy effectiveness, mining business actors have not been effective in providing employment opportunities for local communities and have not been effective in developing village territories (2) In terms of policy responsiveness, it can be seen from the rejection of the community which has an impact on gas mining activities (3) In terms of policy smoothing, with the existence of a mining licensing policy, mine managers will benefit more than the affected communities. (4) Regarding the accuracy of the policy, the management of the gas mine in the village of Kedungbanteng is dominated by negative impacts such as damaged roads and land subsidence which causes flooding in settlements and rice fields belonging to the people of Kedungbanteng village

Geomagnetic and FDEM Methods in the Roman Archaeological Site of Bocca Delle Menate (Comacchio, Italy)

The increasing use of geophysical investigations for archaeological purposes is now provided also by Italian reforms about preventive archaeology. They allow not only the discovery or the spatial definition of possible buried archaeological evidence, but they are also able to define the state of preservation of ancient structures. The Bocca delle Menate archaeological site is in Comacchio village territory, situated in Ferrara provence (Emilia Romagna region, Italy). The archeological site provides important evidence of the Roman presence in the Po Delta (Italy). The Roman villa was excavated between 1958 and 1959, during the reclaiming works in the Mezzano Valley (Comacchio, Ferrara). An archaeological preliminary survey and a geophysical field trip using Geomagnetic and Frequency Domain Electromagnetic Methods were carried out, following the aim to identify the planimetry of the villa previously excavated and eventually newly discovered archaeological remains. The geomagnetic results detected the archaeological buried structures, even if the original disposition of them is not completely highlighted. The electromagnetic method was able to depict the geological and geomorphological background surrounding the Roman villa. The obtained results highlighted that the applied geophysical methods are excellent tools for the preservation, protection, and monitoring of archaeological heritage previously excavated, adding to their already known importance as best tools for new archaeological buried remains detections.

Analysis of Customary Village Law Enforcement in Joint Decree (SKB) Sampradaya Non-Dresta

This study aimed to find out the analysis of customary village (Desa Adat) law enforcement in Joint Decree (SKB) Sampradaya Non-Dresta. The method used was a normative legal research method using a statutory and history approach. The customary village is the closest government system to its territory. It has the autonomy to regulate and manage its household. The existence of Sampradaya, especially Hare Krishna Bali is the duty of the customary village to keep realizing the customary village kasukerta (harmony). If there is a violation of the Sampradaya ritual in the customary village territory, it will be the responsibility of each customary village. In addition, the results of violantion can be reported to the Customary Village Council (MDA), a party that can cooperate with the customary village. The issuance of SKB by PHDI and MDA cannot be intended as something that bond the customary village because it has an authoritative authority as the constitution of customary village autonomy.

Assistance for Increasing Community Resources Capacity in Implementing Community-Based Tourism Activities in Sukajadi Village, Bogor District

The current development of tourism activities has been expanding throughout various regions, particularly in village territories through tourist village development. Essentially, tourism accomplishment in village territories is one of the implementation forms of Community-Based Tourism (CBT) where the community takes part as the executor and object of development. Community-Based Tourism (CBT) is closely related to community empowerment. The method of implementing this activity involves several lecturers and students and community participation in designing these activities. Accompaniment is one of the successful key factors related to community empowerment implementation in terms of achieving Community-Based Tourism (CBT) accomplishment in villages territories.

Assistance for Increasing Community Resources Capacity in Implementing Community-Based Tourism Activities in Sukajadi Village, Bogor District

The current development of tourism activities has been expanding throughout various regions, particularly in village territories through tourist village development. Essentially, tourism accomplishment in village territories is one of the implementation forms of Community-Based Tourism (CBT) where the community takes part as the executor and object of development. Community-Based Tourism (CBT) is closely related to community empowerment. The method of implementing this activity involves several lecturers and students and community participation in designing these activities. Accompaniment is one of the successful key factors related to community empowerment implementation in terms of achieving Community-Based Tourism (CBT) accomplishment in villages territories.

The Mythological Landscape of Rodik: Oral Tradition and Archaeology of a Village on the Fringes of Karst

The article discusses the rich oral tradition of the village of Rodik (Slovenia), notably on mythical figures such as Ajdi, Lintvern, Baba and goblins. The stories told are emplaced, together they represent the space matrix, a network of points in space charged with meanings beyond natural and rational, which make the totality of the village territory with all its anomalies and peculiarities intelligible and manageable through sets of related rules, caveats and taboos. The concept is compatible with the notion of “emplaced tradition”, but intends to underline the interchangeability, volatility and creativity in the mythourgical process. Not all of these spots are documented as archaeological sites, but all known archaeological sites in the village territory are accounted for in these stories.

Биометрические показатели сортов в молодом яблоневом саду для обеспечения населения экологически чистой продукцией

The main purpose of our research is to study the biometric and productivity indicators of trees in the apple orchard in Sheki region, depending on the technology of care. Apple is the most widespread fruit plant in Azerbaijan. According to the area under cultivation and production, apples are the first fruit crops. Apple is the most valuable fruit plant due to its valuable biological properties and economic indicators. Golden Deliches, Granny Smith and Starkrimson varieties of apples and M9 rootstock were taken as the material of the research. The research was fulfiled in Sheki region. The apple orchard was planted in 2017 in the Incha village territory of Sheki region. The issues covered in the research program were studied on the basis of generally accepted methods of horticulture. The number of shoots in the tree of Golden Deliches is 8.8 in 2020 and 14.9 in 2021, with an average of 11.85 per year. The average length of a shoots is 0.40 m in 2020 and 0.35 m in 2021, with an average of 0.38 m per year. The annual height increase per tree was 3.52 m in 2020 and 5.22 m in 2021, with an average of 4.37 m over the years. The number of shoots in the tree of Granny Smith variety was 9.0 in 2020 and 17.9 in 2021, with an average of 13.45 per year. The average length of a shoots is 0.45 m in 2020 and 0.32 m in 2021, with an average of 0.39 m. Thus, the annual height increase per tree of this variety is 4.05 m in 2020 and 5.72 m in 2021, with an average of 4.89 m per year. In Starkrimson variety, the number of shoots in the tree was 8.6 in 2020 and 16.7 in 2021, with an average of 12.65 per year. The average length of a shoots is 0.38 m in 2020 and 0.30 m in 2021, with an average of 0.34 m. Thus, the annual height increase per tree of this variety was 3.27 m in 2020 and 5.01 m in 2021, with an average of 4.14 m per year.

Dynamics of infection of geese with Ganguleterakisdispar (Schrank, 1790) in private farms of Bilasuvar and Shamkir regions of Azerbaijan

The studies were carried out in various private farms located in Bilasuvar (villages of Khirmandalli, Aliabad, Bagbanlar, Chinarli) and Shamkir regions (villages of Seifali, Gapanli, Seidlar, Irmashly) of Azerbaijan. Examinations were carried out in private farms of Bilasuvar region among geese of different ages and 66.0% infection with gangulеter acidos was detected in 3-month-olds and 48.0% in adults. In general, when examining samples of feces, taken from various private farms in the region, 57.0% of infection was dentified. In order to study the infection of geese with Ganguleterakisdispar on the dependence of bioecological characteristics in private farms in the Bilasuvar region, during surveys carried out in lowland, foothill and mountainous zones, it was found that a relatively high level of infection was found in farms where geese are kept, in villages located in the foothillzone. As a result of scatological examinations, 43.3% of infection was detected in the lowland zone, 58.3% in the foothillzone and 35.0% in the mountainous zone. And inallzones of the Bilasuvar region, thein total infection was 45.6%. During the coprological examination conducted in private poultry farms of the Shamkir district, infection with ganguloterakidosis was detected 54.0% in geese of 3 months of age, and 34.0% in adults. In general, 44.0% of cases of infection were detected during the examination of private farms of the district located in the villages of Seifali, Gapanli, Seidlar, Irmashly. During the examinations conducted in the lowlying, foothill and mountainous zone of the Shamkirdistrict, it was found that the infection rate with ganguloterakidosis in farms where geese are kept, located on the territory of villages in the foothill zonewas 51.7%, in the lowlands – 31.7% and inmountainous zones 23.3%. And in all zones of the Shamkir district, the infection rate was 35.6%.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES OF TOURISM AND HOTEL AND RESTAURANT CLUSTERS IN REGIONS OF UKRAINE

The presentation of priorities for the operation of the tourism, hotel, and restaurant clusters in regional development planning should take place within the framework of the translation of the regional objectives into an inherent process deriving from the intrinsic cluster nature. This process is carried out based on a systematic description of the purposeful actions of the cluster actors' associations outside the territory of cities, villages, and towns, which is an element in the search for the best solution for a specific situation. Consequently, the study defined the specifics of implementing the sustainable development of the tourism, hotel, and restaurant clusters priorities. In particular, the content of the process of finding a better solution for the specific sustainable development situation of the cluster is defined and the elements of the search for a better solution to the specific sustainable development situation of the tourism, hotel, and restaurant cluster are presented. The process of finding the best solution for the specific sustainability situation of the tourism, hotel, and restaurant clusters define as: in a plane of organizational stability; in a plane of technological stability; in a plane of financial stability. These elements are essential in ensuring the functionality of cluster members and methods of finding their paths development. This methodology should contain an algorithm for finding patterns in information arrays and meaningful interpretation of the obtained facts determines the order of action to approximate cluster actors to optimality parameters. Thus, the search for the best solution in terms of organizational sustainability should ensure a rhythmic process of providing tourist or hotel and restaurant cluster products. This process is linked to the dimensions of technological and financial sustainability. The search for the best solution in terms of technological stability should determine whether the business of each of the cluster actors uses its production capacity to the fullest extent. The search for the best solution in terms of financial stability focuses on determining the security of business in sub-areas of profitability, creditworthiness, and solvency.

Community Legal Awareness and Customary Sanction to Prevent Littering: How Penglipuran Village in Bali Makes Efforts?”

Penglipuran is a customary village in Bali that traditionally imposes a customary sanction for villagers who litter waste in the territory of the village in the form of holding a prayascita ceremony. This article aims to analyze the existence of prayascita customary sanctions in Penglipuran Village, the efforts to overcome littering in the village territory, and the implications of such sanctions on the legal awareness of the community. This paper combines a religious based-research in social-humanities and empirical juridical research that analyzes data and legal sources in descriptive, qualitative, and systematic methods. This research revealed that prayascita customary sanction is imposed on anyone who is decided guilty for littering in a village meeting, entails that he/she has to hold a prayascita ceremony that takes place in the village’s catus pata (crossroad). The efforts of Penglipuran Village to tackle littering problems are overseeing and maintaining the sanctity, sustainability, cleanliness, and orderliness of the area of ??the village. The programs and facilities that are implemented to control littering practice in this article can be divided into preventive and repressive measures. In terms of legal awareness, the village community has generally obeyed the customary rules. It is proven by the absence of people who have been imposed prayascita customary sanctions. It may be assessed that village members have a high community legal awareness to sort waste and put it in the rubbish bin. Therefore, the sanction to hold a prayascita ceremony has never happened until now. This indicates that a clean living culture has been well internalized by the community.

Variation in land endowments among villages in West Africa: Implications for land management

Land endowments held by African rural communities affect the constraints and incentives they face, which in turn influence their response to development and conservation programs and policies. Availability of land with different qualities varies at different social organizational scales. While much work has focused on differences among households within villages, there has been little empirical work on variation among villages despite the fact that villages are often the sites through which land is accessed. This reflects serious difficulties in delineating village territories. Using a newly developed approach, this study estimates per capita cropland and rangeland availability of villages within two study areas in northern Burkina Faso: the provinces of Seno and Yatenga. Using georeferenced village population data, “village influence zones” were estimated taking account of each village’s population and that of surrounding villages. Combining these with land-cover classifications allowed for estimations of average per capita cropland and rangeland for 725 villages. Large variation of land endowments is observed at fine spatial scales within the two provinces. For a subset of twenty-four villages, these values were compared with informants’ estimates of cropland (fraction of cropland fallowed, fraction of cropland manured, and fraction of cropland from which crop residues are harvested) and rangeland management (seasonal presence of village livestock in village territory) parameters. Rates of crop residue harvesting were found to increase with cropland scarcity and small ruminant presence during the cropping season declined with less rangeland accessibility. The results of this study raise questions about one-size-fits-all approaches to rural development by revealing fine-scaled mosaics of village land endowments and management needs.

Understanding People−Forest Relationships: A Key Requirement for Appropriate Forest Governance in South Sumatra, Indonesia

Indonesian forestry challenges in attributional land-use conflicts of overlapping villages and state forests have affected community livelihoods and forest sustainability for decades. This empirical research uncovers the socio-economic attributes of villages in order to gain a better understanding of people−forest relationships in order to guide improved forest management and governance for long-term sustainability. Data were obtained from 69 villages located in the forest management unit of Lakitan Bukit Cogong in South Sumatra Province. Spatially-explicit quantitative measurements and qualitative approaches were employed to explore the interrelationships between human footprint, village development, and conflict resolution strategies over two decades. The results confirmed that utilization of forest areas as part of the village territory (such as for building settlements, public/social infrastructure facilities, plantations and agricultural fields) has long been administered without permits, destabilizing forest functions. Moreover, aspects such as human population size, proximity of villages to the national road and sub-district capital, and the transmigration settlement units have an impact on the Human Footprint Index and Village Development Index. Furthermore, our analyses identified three distinctive forms of conflict based on village type: (1) villages which are administratively included in the forest area; (2) villages for transmigration settlement; and (3) villages adjacent to company management concession areas. In these villages, the clarity of land/forest boundaries and property rights are predominant conflict issues. Several recommendations are proposed to support sustainable forest development; namely, controlling human activities in the forest, improving village management governance, and resolving associated conflicts.

Estimates of carbon stocks in sandy soils cultivated under local management practices in Senegal’s groundnut basin

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is essential for the productivity of agroecosystems and for mitigating climate change. Because the SOC contents of sandy soils are usually small, the effects of agricultural management upon SOC stocks in such soils have been insufficiently studied. In West sub-arid Africa, the coarse-textured soils (mostly Arenosols) are diversely managed by smallholders. In this study, we aimed to quantify SOC stocks in cultivated soils of that region, in a context where agricultural practices rely mainly upon organic inputs derived from various integrated crop-livestock systems. SOC stocks were estimated for the 0–30 cm depth in 1,813 plots in Senegal’s groundnut basin. We found that SOC stocks in farmers’ fields varied between 2.3 and 59.8 Mg C ha-1 (mean ± standard deviation, 14.6 ± 0.14 Mg C ha-1). SOC stocks were influenced slightly by soil type, but were only weakly correlated to soils’ clay and silt contents. SOC stocks differed significantly among the three studied village territories due to contrasting livestock-raising systems. Average stocks were significantly higher in plots close to housings (home-fields), which receive larger amounts of organic inputs, than in plots farther from the village (out-fields). Thus, the organic inputs to home-fields improves soil C stocks of these sandy soils in the short term. Innovative agricultural practices in the studied area probably need to target options for managing all fields optimally. Those options will require continuous application of organic products—a measure that will in turn require solutions for improving availability or management of local organic resources.

Protection against the harmful effects of water on the left bank terrace of the Lower Dnipro River

Relevance of research. In the area of ​​irrigated agriculture, one of the most difficult as to developing flooding processes is the area of ​​terrace drift within the ancient delta of the Lower Dnieper in Kherson region. The terrace area is located on a flat area within a large drainless bowl about 40 km long and up to 5-10 km wide. On the surface of the bowl there are large drainless depressions (Chornyanske, Novomayatske, Podokalynivske, Tarasivske) and many small ones.
 The purpose of the work is to establish the patterns of developing flooding processes and substantiate a system of reliable protection of the territory against that in difficult natural and water conditions.
 Methods and objects of research. The research was conducted at the research and production site located near Tarasivka village, Oleshkiv district, Kherson region. The results of the research were based on the data of reconnaissance surveys, long-term observations on the depths of the groundwater table (GWT), precipitation, space images, etc. In addition, it was assumed that the area is considered to be flooded if the depth of the GWT exceeds the critical limit, which for the study region is defined as 2 m.
 Research results and main conclusions. In modern conditions, part of the village and adjacent lands are subject to constant groundwater flooding and periodically surface water flooding. In the central part of the village, groundwater depths exceed the critically acceptable depth, which for the study region is defined as 2 m. The water and ecological situation in the village is significantly exacerbated in wet periods. Current development of flooding within the terrace requires the development and implementation of a more effective protection system. One of the important options for protecting the village territory is the construction of a horizontal drainage system, which is set up in the village and its surroundings. The depth of drainage is 3.0-3.2 m. The runoff is discharged into the North-Crimean Canal by means of a pressure pipeline. The surface drainage system should be represented by a network of trays and ditches arranged in the streets of the village and a collector, which provides self-flowing of excess water into an artificial reservoir - pond. Options for the reconstruction of the NCC, which provide for using the drainage capacity of the canal and the construction of a regional self-flowing reservoir, were addressed. The modernization of irrigation and drainage systems and implementation of the developed proposals will significantly increase the protection level of the ancient terrace of the Dnieper River against the harmful effects of water. The decision on a proposal is made on the basis of feasibility study.

Гидрохимическая характеристика и качество подземных вод Сосновского района Челябинской области для целей орошения

Abstract. The purpose of the study was to assess the quality of groundwater used for irrigation of individual plots of land, belonging to the residents of the Sosnovskiy district of the Chelyabinsk region. Material: 73 samples taken in wells and boreholes on the territory of private land plots, villages, villa communities and garden non-profit partnerships. Methods: 30 indicators of water composition were determined (common indicators – 6, major ions and carbonate ion – 8, compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter – 5, heavy metals and silicon – 11) using capillary electrophoresis, atomic absorption, potentiometry, spectrophotometry and conductometry. Statistical analysis included: estimation of means with 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) calculated by bootstrap (Kaplan – Meier method was used for censored observations), relative frequencies (in percent) with 95 % CI (Jeffreys method and simultaneous CI by Wilson). Data was visualized using Piper’s and Gibbs’ diagrams. Software: PAST, Scout 2008, R, DescTool, GW_Chart, KyPlot, QGIS. Results. On the territory of the Sosnovsky district of the Chelyabinsk region, (Ca2+–Mg2+ and HCO3––CO32–) type groundwater prevails with a pH 7.39 (95 % CI: from 7.30 to 7.48) and a TDS 651 mg/dm3 (95 % CI: from 598 to 720). Using Piper and Gibbs diagrams, it was established that the leading processes of the water chemical composition formation are: 1) the dissolution of the calcite-dolomite series’ minerals of sedimentary rocks, 2) the dissolution and the ion exchange of feldspars in the composition of granites with calcite. For mineralization and risks of chloride salinization, sodium salinization, magnesium salinization and soda formation, the proportion of samples with quality for irrigation purposes I and II category is 65.7 %. There are excesses of standards in the concentration of NO3- (24.7 % of samples), Ba (68.3 %), Cd (30.4 %), Fe (15.3 %), Mn (12.9 %), Pb (6.3 %).