Village Industries Research Articles

Technological modifications in the tanning and leather industry from pre-British to colonial Punjab

Hereditary artisans have been an important segment of Punjabi society since the medieval times. Pre-colonial Punjab was an agricultural province, where industrial production was largely confined to village industries, which catered to meet the demands of the local population. Tanning and leather making was one of the professions that was a traditional village industry in which the methods of production were old, and technology had not changed much from the medieval period. The onset of colonial rule introduced modified and new technologies in all industries, which invariably impacted traditional industries. The tanning and leather industry was among the village industries in which modified and new processing and production technologies were introduced. The scope of this paper is to study how the new technology in the tanning and leather industry modified the old, whether it improved the processing time, quality and quantity of products and what was the nature of its impact on the traditional artisans connected with tanning and leather in colonial Punjab.

Industrial Revitalization of Rural Villages via Comprehensive Land Consolidation: Case Studies in Gansu, China

Although comprehensive land consolidation may stimulate industrial revitalization, the interactions and pathways between land consolidation and industrial revitalization are unclear. Using villages in China as case studies, the historical development process and pathways of comprehensive land consolidation, and rural industrial revitalization, are summarized and clarified. Development processes and pathways for villages in Puhe, Maosi, Dianzi, and Baicaopo in Gansu Province were compared. The comparison suggested the following nested generic strategy for revitalization, comprising: (1). A core strategy for guiding industrial development that consolidates the spatial layout; (2). Strengthening ecological restoration as a key part of the optimization strategy with (1); and (3). Including and enhancing cultural industrialization as a desirable supplement. Our study and worked examples can be applied to other villages or regions worldwide to explore the development path of village industry revitalization under the guidance of our proposed comprehensive land consolidation framework.

Rural Entrepreneurship through Khadi and Village Industries

In India, about 70% population lives in villages. Village industries play a very crucial role in the country’s economic development as well as rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is not only important for generating employment opportunities in the rural areas with low capital cost and raising the real income of the people, but it also contributes to the development of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship is one of the solutions to eradicate poverty, stop migration, minimise economic disparity, solve unemployment problem and develop rural and backward areas. Khadi and village industries play an important role in promoting rural entrepreneurship. The present article is based on secondary data. It explains the concept of rural entrepreneurship and role of khadi and village industries in promoting rural entrepreneurship.

Role of Government in Supporting Entrepreneurship and MSME Development in India

The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector has emerged as one of the most vibrant and dynamic sectors of the Indian economy in the last 5 decades. MSMEs not only play an important role in providing large number of employment opportunities at lower capital cost as compared to large industries but also help in industrialization of rural and backward areas, thus reducing regional imbalances, assure a more equitable distribution of national income and wealth. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) as ancillary units complement large industries and this sector contributes immensely to the socio-economic development of the country. Khadi is the glorious legacy of our National Freedom Movement and the Father of the Nation. Khadi and Village Industries (KVI) are the two national heritages of India. One of the most important aspects of KVI in the Indian economy is that it generates employment at very low per capita investment. The Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) in collaboration with the concerned Ministries/Departments, State Governments and other stakeholders by providing support to existing enterprises and encouraging new enterprises, will support the growth and development of the MSME sector including Khadi, Village Industries and Coir Industries. Along with the activities of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, the world market has also changed a lot. Today, for businesses to sustain, dynamism and entrepreneurship must continue to function to their full potential. We have seen in the past record of MSME development that, India has been able to achieve high growth of MSMEs in the country, with more emphasis on MSME Entrepreneurship Development programmed.

Khadi: Can it be Used for Mass Production of Shirts?

Khadi, in India, is not just a fabric but also has sentiments of the people connected to it. The men shirts possess a high potential market in India but majority of brands hesitate using khadi fabric for making men’s shirts. Khadi is considered difficult to be used for mass production by industry due to its time-consuming process. But it has high potential and a sustainable profile. The fabric can be considered an eco-healthy idea for the fashion industry. The paper discusses the limitations which are derived after conducting experimental research. The paper majorly discusses the various problems identified in the khadi shirts sourced from the Khadi and Village Industry Commission (KVIC) outlet and further suggests suitable solutions for using khadi as a fabric for the mass production of shirts.

Khadi Textiles, Women and Rural Development: An Analysis from Past to Present

The paper aims at bringing out the cultural, economic, and political importance that Khadi has for India from pre-colonial times, during the colonial rule and after independence till the present times. The paper brings out Khadi’s potential in rural development by solving the pressing concerns of unemployment and working conditions in developing countries like India. In spite of this, Khadi’s potential at rural development is subsided by the contemporary threats the industry faces due to the different agents of neoliberalism, discussed in the paper. The questionnaire report on workers collected at the Cheriyakonni production unit and information collected at the District Project Office Trivandrum; brings out that rural women are the largest workforce victims of these threats, as the industry is slowly showing signs of degradation. Methodology: The research paper is based on both quantitative and qualitative data analysis. Data is collected from Kerala Khadi and Village Industries Board (KVIB) Project Office Thiruvananthapuram through interviews. Questionnaire is conducted on workers of Cheriyakonni Production Unit, Thiruvananthapuram that operates under the board.

Optimizing The Performance Of Village Owned Enterprises

This study aims to build a model for optimizing the performance of Village Owned Enterprises in the West Halmahera Regency. As a result of all that the existence of BUMDes has not been able to contribute to Village Original Revenue and improve the welfare of the village community as expected by the Village and the Community. To achieve this goal, the researcher used a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis methods. The results study found two findings that were effective for optimizing the performance of BUMDes. The first finding is that BUMDes must ensure market opportunities, availability of raw materials, product competitiveness, and product uniqueness to develop it is business. The second finding, using the AHP method, it is recommended that the Village of Guaemaadu develop the superior potential of the coastal tourism-based village industry; Hydroponic Farming; Coconut oil; Village Shop; Crafts from Bamboo; Coconut Collector; Hospitality; Processed Bananas; Nature Tourism and Village Bank.

Development of an analytical model for cost-based optimization of KVIC biogas plant dimensions

This study has been carried out in response to minimizing the capital cost of construction at optimum efficiency from the Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) biogas plant. The main aim was to find out the optimized dimensions of KVIC in the different climatic zones of India with varying hydraulic retention times (HRT). For this study, a 2 m3 capacity biogas plant was selected and the analytical model has been developed to generate optimized dimensions; the result were used to generate the equations to obtain the directly optimized dimensions for KVIC biogas plant. As per the cost of floating drum and cost of construction of digester, the various dimensions have been calculated from the developed equations and concluded that lowering the cost of the floating drum alone translates to typical plants narrow and deep digesters. However, developed model shall be useful for quick prediction of dimensions of KVIC biogas plant.

Research on the Spatial Pattern and Influence Mechanism of Industrial Transformation and Development of Traditional Villages

Industrial transformation has been regarded as an important measure to promote traditional village revitalization. Research on the spatial pattern and influence mechanism of industrial transformation in traditional villages is urgently needed. In this context, this study takes the 211 national traditional villages in Fujian Province of China as research objects and uses GIS spatial analysis and geographical detectors to analyze the spatial pattern and influence mechanism of industrial transformation in traditional villages. The results show that: (1) the scale of traditional village industry presents the characteristics of wavy growth. High- and medium-density cluster areas were identified. (2) Traditional villages can be categorized into three types, not transformed, to be transformed and transformed villages. These three stages of transformation have different features of industry development and different dominant industries. (3) The core factors affecting the industrial transformation of traditional villages show obvious differences at different transformation stages and spatial differences in coastal and inland areas. Therefore, policies and measures should be customized to local conditions to improve the development quality of traditional villages and promote the industrial transformation and upgrading of traditional villages. This study improves the research on the transformation and development mechanism of traditional village industry from the perspective of industrial revitalization in theory and provides experience and models as reference for the revitalization of traditional village industry in practice.

UNDERSTANDING THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF THE AUSTRALIAN RETIREMENT VILLAGE INDUSTRY: A CAUSAL LOOP DIAGRAM

The retirement village industry in Australia has been accommodating an increasing number of residents in recent decades. However, a thorough understanding of the dynamic behaviour of the industry remains largely unknown, which prevents a better prediction of its future growth. This study incorporates system dynamics thinking into residents’ relocation decisions and aims to develop a causal loop diagram to have a full understanding of the complex interactions of variables affecting their relocation, which in turn determines the future growth pattern of the industry. Based on thematic analysis using literature review and interview data, five primary causal loops are identified, including the positive reinforcing loops of word-of-mouth effect and new-supply effect, and three negative balancing loops of the move-out effect, price effect and home-village distance effect. Of these five causal loops, the most dominant ones in determining the system behaviour are the word-of-mouth (reinforcing) and home-village distance (balancing) effects. The causal loop diagram provides a better understanding of the underlying structure of the retirement village industry and will help guide the industry and policy makers in formulating strategies to create a more ageing-friendly living environment for seniors in Australia.

Relevance of Gandhian Concepts in the Post Independent India

After independence the people of India have been relished the taste of freedom under the world’s biggest written democratic socialist constitution. But in spite of unity in diversity the people of India have been struggling even today for their rights in various aspects. In this struggle they have hugged the way of Mahatma Gandhi’s non violence and truth in a greater way. In many cases the activities and idealism of Mahatma Gandhi has become a way of inspiration for getting wellness from various physical and mental ailments. His eleven vows, struggle through non violence, civil disobedience and fasting, his practice and belief on nature therapy, yoga etc., his motivation on skilling India through the use of khadi and other small village industries have ushered a new dimension. To show the relevance of such concepts and methodology in Indian society in the post independent India is the object of this paper.

Performance of Khadi and Village Industries in Jammu and Kashmir under Prime Minister Employment Generation Programme

The KVIB is acting vibrantly in creating job opportunities for the down-trodden and rural artisans. In 2008, a reinvigorate creditlinked subsidy programme initiated by the Ministry of MSMEs popularly known as Prime Minister's Employment Generation Programme. At the national level, KVIC has been made a nodal agency of the scheme for its implementation with KVIB as the implementing agencies in J&K. In the present study, it was found that the achievement of KVIs was significant in terms of a number of cases sanctioned, amount of money released, production and sales while as in terms of employment it was not as good as expected. The performance of KVIs could further be enhanced by providing financial and technical assistance, training, supporting, monitoring and development of promotional activities and marketing arrangements

Short Communication: Jagal, a traditional health food at Khadi Fair in Udaipur, Rajasthan, India

Abstract. Jain V. 2021. Short Communication: Jagal, a traditional health food at Khadi fair in Udaipur, Rajasthan, India. Asian J Ethnobiol 4: 37-41. Fairs and festivals are important to reflect traditional knowledge about various cultural, dietary, and healthcare practices. India has a rich legacy of cultural diversity, confluent in cuisine diversity. Every year, Rajasthan Khadi and Village Industries Board organizes the Khadi fair in different districts of Rajasthan to exhibit and sell the products developed by artisans and local people of the state. Ethnobotanical surveys of the Khadi fair held at Udaipur city, Rajasthan, were carried out for the first time to document traditional health food items being sold in the fair. Semi-structured interviews conducted with sellers and consumers in the surveys revealed the mode of preparation, rate, and intended use of a hitherto unreported traditional health food locally called 'Jagal.’ It is a plant-based product developed mainly from sesame seeds, dried coconut kernel, and jaggery and consumed as a nutritious health food by urban mass and as a reliever of joint and back pain in older adults. Detailed scientific assessment of nutritional and therapeutic benefits of 'Jagal' needs to promote this food on international canvas as a dietary nutraceutical.

Financial reporting and valuation treatment of property assets by not-for-profit operators

ABSTRACT The continued presence of not-for-profit (NFP) operators in the residential aged care (RAC) and retirement village industry in Australia adds to its complexity and diversity. This is an industry focused on the delivery of services through specialised property assets, which often have histories going back decades. NFP operators have greater flexibility in financial reporting when compared to for-profit operators, and the paper examines the accounting treatment and measurement of value in financial reporting of property assets by this group. Considerable diversity in classification and treatment of property assets was noted, plus a strong reliance on directors’ valuations. Both RAC and retirement villages have been the subject of government inquiries at the Commonwealth and state levels, which have focused on the financial performance of the industry. The diversity in financial reporting has implications for the transparency of the financial performance of the industry.

Marble Dust Exposure Relationship to Workers‘ Lung Conditions in Marble Industries

Introduction: Marbel mining in Tulungagung caused air quality pollution of dust. The level of air pollution in the marble industrial mining area in Besole village, Tulungagung, was a high category. Air pollutions from dust cause fibrosis in the lungs if continuously inhaled. This marble dust belongs to the group of differentiative dust—pulmonary disorders due to dust in the form of restriction, obstruction, or mixture of the two. The study aims to analyze the internal factors related to lung conditions in one of the Besole Village industries, Tulungagung. Method: research that has been done using cross-sectional design through a quantitative approach. Determination of the sample size by simple random sampling. Twenty-four workers consisting of 12 exposed and 12 were not exposed to dust. Result and Discussion: The results of measurements of marble dust levels in the study area were 20,000 mg/m3, which exceeds the specified threshold value. Meanwhile, the statistical test value p= 0.000 means a relationship between dust levels and the condition of workers’ lungs in the exposed area. Most workers’ lung conditions in one of the Besole village industries are quite good. Conclusion: The condition of the lungs is closely related to dust levels that exceed the threshold value. The lungs’ condition is also influenced by work time and poor behavior, namely the habit of not wearing PPE and smoking habits, causing decreased lung function.

PATTERN AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MIGRATION FROM BIHAR: EVIDENCE FROM CENSUS DATA

Migration is closely linked to development process. Due to the stagnant development process in Bihar outmigration have increased in recent two decades. It has it’s root in green revolution which continued till date. Migration refers to movement of people from one place to another. When a person is enumerated at different place than his/her place of birth is known as migrant. It may be of permanent or temporary, a short or long term in nature. Several scholars in their studies showed that poor implementation of land reforms, as well as a lack of industrial investments in Bihar, left the state underdeveloped. Low Growth, high levels of poverty and the ‘semi-feudal’ systems of agricultural production, where the upper castes-controlled land and power, encouraged outmigration. Due to ongoing political, social and economic changes in Bihar, the migration pattern is also changing in past decades. This paper aims to analyse the pattern and causes of migration in Bihar through secondary data sources such as Census of India 2001 and 2011, by using tools like Percentage, ratio, pie chart, histogram, graphical presentation etc. Motivation to this study is to draw attention of policymakers because Outmigration of human capital is important developmental challenge for Bihar. There is urgent need to protect and develop village industries in Bihar which in turn create employment and reduce migration through spill over effect. KEYWORDS: Outmigration, pattern, employment, Bihar, Government policy, Developmental challenge

PERFORMANCE OF KHADI AND VILLAGE INDUSTRIES (KVI) OF MSME SECTOR

Khadi and Village Industries is one of the significant wing of MSME (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) Sector in India. The contribution of KVI in increasing employment, exports of products, developing rural areas is incomparable. Over the years, Khadi and Village Industries Commission-KVIC had many efforts with the MSME Ministry to develop the Khadi and Village Industries and as a result of this, KVI is one of the successful sectors of MSME. It has developed many indigenous industries in India. The research paper focuses to evaluate the contribution of KVI in employment, Performance of KVI over the years and identify the role of KVIC in developing the particular industries. There are some challenges for KVIC due to which it is struggling and it is necessary to overcome these challenges to achieve overall growth and development of KVI.

Current Changes on the Industrial Map of Russia

The study is based on an inventory of new industrial construction projects (more than 1000 objects were taken into account), based on materials from business journalism and regional, industrial, and corporate Internet sites, as well as data from individual researchers and the author’s field surveys in a number of regions in Russia. Changes in the geography of industrial sectors related to new industrial construction in Russia in the post-Soviet period are revealed. The features of the territorial structure of modern industry, manifestations of its inertia and dynamism, primitivization and growth of volatility, increased specialization, and strengthening of the complexity of territorial units are considered. The influence of foreign economic conditions on the spatial structuring of Russian industry has grown. The extractive industry is drawing on the deposits of resources that are in demand on the world market, and the exploitation of resources for domestic consumption has been reduced. Extraction of mineral resources is moving into increasingly remote and environmentally sensitive areas with more severe natural conditions. The new manufacturing reveals two vectors of preferential orientation: the capital and the seaside, primarily towards the Baltic Sea coast and Azov and Black seas’ coasts. The new industrial constructions are mainly located outside the regional centers, with a significant number located in small towns. A new phenomenon, village industry, has appeared on the industrial map of Russia.

The Effectiveness of West Bengal State Khadi Mela as Organisational Marketing Tool

Mela or fair cannot be underestimated as an effective marketing tool capable to reach a huge target market at one go. Over the years, organised mela had provided an even playing field in which small businesses and large ones come together to determine the mela effectiveness. The objective of the study is to determine West Bengal Khadi and Village Industries Board (WBKVIB) views towards the effectiveness of mela as a marketing tool. The problem statement was that most of the khadi units are operating under budgetary constraints; therefore, it was important to ensure that their objectives are achieved. Marketers faced severe recessions, declining purchasing power, increased competition, lower growth rates, consumer awareness and pricing pressures. Khadi organisations are therefore constantly looking for the lowest cost-effective methods to promote their products, and the effectiveness of mela as a marketing platform to meet their objectives was not known. The results of the study can be useful for potential exhibitors who may utilise mela for the product promotions, to determine whether mela is appropriate to ensure their needs and fits in their overall strategy and for the organisers to formulate strategies to add value to the units involved and ensure that they remain. The literature review summarises mela as the most successful and valuable marketing tools for businesses. Mela is a basic element of the marketing mix properly combined to establish an integrated marketing communication system for consumers to get a simple and recognisable picture of the retailer. It creates a unique environment in which a wide range of sales and marketing goals are pursued. It brings buyers and sellers together to a central location. It is the direct catalyst for new and commercial development. The population of the study was drawn from units that had participated in the khadi mela. In selecting the sample elements, a stratified random sampling approach was used. The study used semi-structured questionnaires for primary data collection. The qualitative data describing characteristics or qualities were analysed using qualitative analysis while statistical analysis software SPSS was used for quantitative data. This study contributed to the understanding of factors affecting the WBKVIB marketing strategy.

Актуальные изменения на промышленной карте России

Changes in the geography of industrial sectors associated with new industrial construction in Russia in the post-Soviet period are revealed. The features of the territorial structure of modern industry, manifestations of its inertia and dynamism, primitivization and growth of volatility, deepening of specialization and strengthening of the complexity of territorial units are considered. The influence of foreign economic conditions on the spatial structuring of Russian industry has increased. The mining involves in the turnover the deposit of the resources demanded in the world market, and the exploitation of resources for domestic consumption is reduced. Mining of mineral resources is moving to more remote and environmentally sensitive areas with more severe natural conditions. The new manufacturing industry discovers two vectors of primary orientation: the capital and the seaside, primarily to the Baltic, Azov, and Black seas’ coasts. Industrial new buildings are mainly localized outside regional centers, a significant part of them are in small towns. A new phenomenon has appeared on the industrial map of the country–“village industry.”