Forest Villages Research Articles

Konstruksi Hukum Ddalam Pengaturan Pengelolaan Hutan yang Berkearifan Lokal di Kabupaten Buleleng Provinsi Bali

This study aims to describe models of local wisdom forest management and legal constructions in local wisdom forest management. This study uses an empirical legal approach with a descriptive research type. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation studies. Determination of the sample in this study using a purposive sampling technique and all data was analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study show that the local wisdom forest management model includes the reconstruction and revitalization of the role of forest village communities facilitated by the government by practicing the principles of good governance. Local wisdom that exists in all villages in Buleleng Regency is used as a reference in forest management. Legal construction in forest management in Buleleng Regency accommodates local wisdom values which are believed to provide welfare for customary law communities and the realization of forest sustainability

Promoting agroforestry for increasing land cover and sustaining livelihood through Social Forestry schemes in Indonesia

Proper management of Indonesian tropical forests is addressed to realize the community’s welfare and forest sustainability. Agroforestry is a smart solution to provide balance in ecological, economic, and social benefits. This paper is aimed to provide plant growth and survival rate data in the establishment of agroforestry demonstration plots in three different schemes of Social Forestry in Indonesia, namely Paru Village Forest (PVF) in West Sumatra, Cempaka Forestry Partnership in Lampung, and Tuar Tana Community Forestry (TCF) in East Nusa Tenggara. Twenty-six plant species, both forest trees and seasonal crops, were planted at all sites by applying agroforestry models. All planted species were planted based on site-specific suitability regarding different climate regime and their social pReferences. The survival rate and plant height were observed at 1, 6, 12, and 18 months after planting (MAP). The best result of plants’ survival rate was found in PVF at 12 and 18 MAP, respectively 93.5% and 78.9% supported by the high community participation in tending their crops. Plants’ survival rate in TCF was relatively low, amounted 43.2%, due to the drought affecting the plant growth in this semi-arid region, even though the forest farmers have a high effort in tending their crops.

GENETIC DIVERSITY OF NEPENTHES GRACILIS IN HEATH FOREST IN SOUTH AND CENTRAL PARTS OF KALIMANTAN

Nepenthes gracilis is found in the lowlands in the form of peat swamp forest, heath forests and is widely distributed in Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi. The unique characteristics of the plant, potential benefits and threats of declining population of N. gracilis impacted this plant as a conservation priority in the heath forest. Characterization of N. gracilis applied before implementing conservation actions. The conservation approach proceeded by analyzing the genetic diversity of N. gracilis from various types of heath forest. The research object used as genetic material was the leaf part of N. gracilis. The sampling locations of N. gracilis were in the heath forest of Guntung Ujung village, Gambut sub-district, Banjar regency, South Kalimantan (Location 1), heath forest in Tabalong Regency, South Kalimantan (Location 2), heath forest in East Kotawaringin Regency, Central Kalimantan (Location 3), heath forest of the Nyaru Menteng Arboretum, Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan (Location 4). The tools and materials used for genetic analysis with PCR-RAPD markers are divided into several stages of work: DNA extraction, DNA quality and quantity testing, DNA visualization, and data analysis. The results show that OPP-09 and OPBH-20 were the primers with the highest amplification success for N. gracilis plants from the heath forest and the amplification values are 52.5% and 51.25%. The percentages of polymorphism bands were 97.62% and 95.24%, respectively. Disturbed heath forest with open canopy cover showed an indication of low genetic diversity shown by N. gracilis originating from location 1 and location 4 of heath forests and the highest genetic diversity value, and the highest percentage of locus polymorphism value (79%) was shown by N. gracilis location 3 with relatively undisturbed forest cover and classified as old growth. It is crucial to preserve the heath forest cover from damage to maintain high genetic diversity of N. gracilis. Genetic relationships between populations can be a barometer in conservation programs for N. gracilis.

MODAL SOSIAL DALAM PENGELOLAAN HUTAN DESA. STUDI KASUS DI DESA TANGKAHEN KABUPATEN PULANG PISAU

This study aims to determine the social capital of the community in village forestmanagement in the Tangkahen Village area, Pulang Pisau Regency. Data retrieval using thesnowball sampling method, which means the researcher stops looking for additionalinformation when there is no more new information. The results showed that the cumulativesocial capital characteristics of the Tangkahen Village community in managing their villageforest were in the high category. The role of each element of community social capital,namely: elements of trust, social norms, pro-active actions and concern for others and theenvironment are included in the high category, only the social network element has a role inthe medium category. Activities in village forest management that have been carried out areidentifying the potential of village forests, building tree houses for natural ecotourismpurposes and marketing (promotional) activities.Keywords: Social capital, village forest management, village forest

Assessment of Village and Community Forest Sustainability: Evidence from the Local Level

The implementation of social forestry, particularly at the local level, must ensure ecological, economic, and social sustainability. The sustainability level assessment from various Social Forestry of Perhutanan Sosial (PS) schemes is crucial to recognize, evaluate, and improve its implementation at the local level. Therefore, this study aims to assess the sustainability level and identify the lever indicators of the sustainability of Village Forest or Hutan Desa (HD) and Community Forest or Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm) management as the two largest schemes of PS. The Rapid Appraisal for Village and Community Forest (RapVCF) with Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) approach was developed to assess the sustainability of the three HD and HKm cases. The results revealed that HKm SB had the highest sustainability value compared to the three HD and two other HKm. HKm SB is considered relatively sustainable, with a sustainability value above 50 in ecological, economic, and social dimensions. In general, economic and social dimensions have a lower sustainability value compared to the ecological dimension. Some indicators play a pivotal role to the sustainability level of HD and HKm, namely conditions and changes in forest cover, the manageable area, market coverage, income for forest management, claims/mastery of working areas, and benefit distribution mechanisms. Evaluation and improvement of these indicators must be prioritized to increase the sustainability level of HD and HKm.

An outline of the trend of change: a case of an indigenous Rabha tribe of India

The unique feature of indigenous Rabha tribal community in West Bengal is somewhat different as regards to the other indigenous tribal community in West Bengal. The Rabha society is of two ecological groups with strange co-existence of two different social systems, like, one group live in the reserve forest, and another group in rural revenue village. These two Rabha groups not only live in two ecological settings, but also there exist positive cultural and linguistic differences between these two groups. The purpose was to accentuate the present trend of changes over years among indigenous matrilineal forest Rabhas of West Bengal, India. The objective was to find out the trend of changes in today’s Rabha society in forest villages. Both the primary and secondary sources of data were used. The quantitative method was adopted. The interview technique was applied for data collection besides observation.They are now experiencing the changing situation of progress, development and modernity. They have adapted to the significant changes in their exposure to the outside world beyond their community and villages; literacy and higher educational attainments; diversified economic activities, traditional cultural pattern, traditional political institution; and also emergence of a subtle differentiation in family status in society.

AHP-based multi-criteria decision-making for forest sustainability of lower Himalayan foothills in northern circle, India-a case study.

Forest degradation is a major issue worldwide. The study area, situated in the lower Himalayan foothills of northern India, is also witnessing the same. A ground survey of the area revealed that socio-economic factors are a major cause of forest degradation. Therefore, sustainable forest management is required to maintain forest resources and health. This study aims to develop the most suitable and agreeable alternatives for ensuring the sustainability of forest use, increase economic benefits, and improve the living conditions of the people surrounding the forest area. This study uses the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) as a decision-making method. A pre-test was conducted prior to the main survey, which helped validate the questionnaires and deliver more reliable survey responses. The authors identified three criteria (C) and nine indicators (I).The pre-tested criteria and indicators arranged in hierarchical order were prioritized by applying the AHP. A list of 36 alternatives (A) was prepared in ascending order to select the best alternatives and was used to make suitable judgments for enhancing forest management efficiency. C, I, and A were developed based on a literature review, pre-test, and questionnaire-based field survey that recorded the preferences of different stakeholders. The survey was conducted in 77 fringe villages surrounding the forest and responses were collected from 302 respondents. The overall AHP implementation was simplified using "Super Decisions." The results advocate adopting valid options such as afforestation, agro-forestry, plantation, forest boundary demarcation, capital investment, and others to strengthen the sustainable development of the region. Furthermore, some of the major findings were shared with decision-making authorities (forest officials and village representatives). The stakeholders realized the need to accelerate participatory forest management practices, capacity building, and training of the local populations, together with other options to improve their livelihoods.

Orman sertifikasyonunun odun hammaddesi üretim faaliyetlerine etkilerinin incelenmesi (Bolu Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü örneği)

Bu çalışmanın amacı, orman yönetim sertifikasının (OYS) odun hammaddesi üretimine etkilerini teknik ve çevresel açılardan araştırmak, sertifikasyon öncesi ve sonrası üretim işlerinin durumunu incelemektir. Çalışma alanı, 2013 yılında OYS alınmasına yönelik çalışmaların başlanarak 2014 yılı ortalarında tamamlandığı Bolu Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü (OİM)’dür. Çalışmada teknik elemanlar (29 kişi) ve orman üretim işçileri (21 kişi) ile gönüllülük esasına göre yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ve anket tekniği kullanılarak veriler elde edilmiştir. Anket formları 5’li Likert ölçeğinde olup, katılımcıların temel bilgilerini ve OYS kapsamında teknik personelin ve orman işçilerinin OYS hakkındaki genel ve odun üretimi ile ilgili görüşlerini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Anket sonuçlarına göre; OYS kapsamında üretim işçilerine verilen ilkyardım, temel iş sağlığı ve güvenliği eğitimlerinin sonuçlarının işçiler tarafından olumlu algılandığı ve konunun önemsendiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Üretim işçilerine sağlanan kişisel koruyucu donanımların orman alanlarında kesim ve diğer üretim faaliyetleri esnasında yaşanan iş kazalarında yaralanma şiddetlerini azalttığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca eğitimlerin sadece doğanın korunması için değil, üretimde çalışanların da bilgilendirilmesi için yapıldığı belirlenmiştir.

ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING OF VILLAGE FOREST RESOURCES

The area of village forest (0.27 million hectare) is very limited in comparison with government forest land (2.14 million hectare). But the village woodlot area contributes 85% of the total consumption and the remaining 15% is contributed by government forest land. Need for correct assessment and monitoring is discussed. The main objective of this paper is to recommend appropriate sampling design for correct assessment of village forest resources. A case study was undertaken in the district of Chittagong located at the south-east corner of Bangladesh. A study population of 900 households was formed consisting of 14 rural thanas in the district. The seven parameters defined under five variables were calculated for complete enumeration. The parameters were estimated through Cluster Sampling, Two Stage Sampling and Stratified Two Stage Sampling (Self-Weight) taking 250 sample households in each method. The estimates were compared with the enumerated values on the basis of percentage standard error, percentage accuracy, percentage bias and 95% confidence interval. Stratified Two Stage Sampling (Self-Weighted) provided the best estimates for true total homestead area (78.4 ha for 97 ha), for true total compact tree garden area (49.6 ha for 49 ha), for true total volume of trees (9432.2 m3 for 9490 m3 ), for true total number of bamboos (53546 for 53229), for volume of compact trees per hectare (164.9m3 for 172 m3) and true number of households with bamboo plantation (413 for 407). Stratified Two Stage Sampling (Self-Weighted) was found to be a suitable technique and was recommended to apply as field sampling design for correct assessment of village forest resources. A continuous monitoring system was also suggested.

Horizontal cooperation among communities and governments for sustainable village woodlands in Wando County, South Korea

Understanding the influence of the wider society on village woodlands is important for their conservation. Twenty village woodlands in Wando County, South Korea, were investigated in order to assess the role of local governance in the sustainability of village woodlands. It was found that the active participation of village leaders in the conservation of village woodlands matters more than the active participation of villagers. Village woodlands are more likely to be preserved when they are managed as protected areas such as national parks or national natural heritage sites controlled by the state. Many village communities in Korea have management plans and maintain traditional knowledge while creating and protecting their village forests over several hundred years. The government has been providing a systematic infrastructure and financial support to manage the village forests and to promote the participation of village communities. The communities and local and central governments share the common goal of sustainable village woodlands and cooperate through open communications, including consultations and solving disputes, seeking the way toward village woodlands' sustainability. The result of this study suggests that village communities and the state need to cooperate horizontally in order to establish and maintain sustainable village woodlands.

PENGELOLAAN HUTAN OLEH DAYAK HALONG MERATUS (Studi Kasus Masyarakat Adat Dayak Halong Desa Uren Kabupaten Balangan Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan)

This research aims to analyze Forest Management by the Indigenous People of Dayak Uren Village. This research was conducted at Uren Village, Halong District, Balangan Regency. The research location was selected using a purposive method. The object of research is the Dayak Uren indigenous people, Halong District, Balangan Regency. This research uses a qualitative approach. The results of this research indicate that community institutions in managing the Uren Village forest consist of two institutions, namely customary institutions and forest village management institutions. In managing the forest, the Dayak indigenous people of Uren Village have customary law which is divided into customary law in agriculture or plantations, hunting, utilizing plants, utilizing water sources, and managing forests as environmental services. According to customary law, the forest area of Uren Village is divided into three areas, namely the sacred forest area, the customary forest area, and the cultivation area. In addition, the Uren Dayak Indigenous People still believe in the ‘pamali’ tradition or taboos related to forest use. The mechanism for processing forest land for food purposes is to use a land clearing system that still uses the traditional method, namely logging, slashing, and burning using simple tools. The Uren Dayak Indigenous People also hold rituals related to religious tradition as a form of respect for the God, ancestors, and the goddess of rice. Forest management is an economic and ecological added value for the Dayak indigenous people of Uren Village. The availability of land to be used can make Uren Village have food security.

Policy Needs for Implementation of REDD+ in India

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation-plus (REDD+) is a climate change mitigation tool recognized and adopted under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Implementation of REDD+ program is challenging, as it involves concurrent addressing of the objectives of forest biodiversity conservation, carbon stocks conservation and enhancement, respecting community rights, meeting aspirations for economic development, and avoiding displacement of emissions. The present study avails of the REDD+ Safeguard Information System (SIS) framework to deal with the challenge by considering the risks that arise for other objectives while meeting one, and thereby identifies five policy measures that help in meeting the said objectives and minimizing the risks. Such measures are: avoiding diversion of forestlands in biodiversity-rich areas; subjecting forestland encroachments to the jurisdiction of special courts; promoting native floral species; respecting forest use by communities & providing for them through Village Forest Committee micro-plans; and, strengthening the f unding of micro-plans. These measures though are part of conservation discourse for a long but lack a well-formalized structure. They have been evaluated on identified criteria for their effectiveness and associated risks.

Favourable climatic niche in low elevations outside the flood zone characterises the distribution pattern of venomous snakes in Bangladesh

AbstractSnakes are sensitive to both environmental and climate gradients. To design conservation plans, a scientific understanding of snake habitats in light of environmental and climatic variables is an essential prerequisite. For venomous snakes, denoting favourable habitats should also be relevant for snakebite management. We have considered 18 spatial variables to portray the range of terrestrial venomous snake distribution in Bangladesh. Our results indicate that the distribution of 29 studied venomous snakes in this country is primarily driven by climatic and environmental variables. We found that especially low elevation and flood risk constrain the distribution of those terrestrial snakes, i.e. regular floods in central Bangladesh push venomous snakes towards the edges of the country. Moreover, none of these species occupies the whole of its anticipated climatically favourable area. Projections into the future indicated that 11 studied species, Amphiesma platyceps, Boiga siamensis, Chrysopelea ornata, Pseudoxenodon macrops, Rhabdophis himalayanus, Rhabdophis subminiatus, Bungarus lividus, Ophiophagus hannah, Daboia russelii, Ovophis monticola and Trimeresurus popeiorum will lose their entire climatically suitable area within the country. Therefore, we suggest establishing more protected areas in the hilly ecosystems in the eastern part and in the mangrove forests in the south-western corner of Bangladesh to mitigate future extinction risks, such as climate change, sea-level rise and increase in flood severity. Conserving village forests and croplands, which are subject to rapid change, will also need to be addressed equally, as these are inhabited by almost one-third of the studied species. The occurrence of the cobras and kraits in village forests and cropland dominant habitats demands more attention to minimise snakebite related mortality and morbidity.

Analyzing the perceived prioritized forest ecosystem services under the participatory management: A case of Maksegnit District, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

The participatory forest management (PFM) approach, as a policy decision, was introduced in Ethiopia in the 1990s to combat forest resource degradation and ensure decentralization in management. The success of forest resource conservation through PFM depends on the benefits received from the forest resources and their ecosystem services (ESs) attached by the local communities. Hence, this study examines the perceived prioritized direct and indirect benefits of forest ESs across wealth groups and membership status in Kulkal Ber forest, located in Maksegnit District, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. Primary data are collected from 352 households in four peripheral forest villages through face-to-face interviews. Chi-square, Kruskal -Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests are conducted to explain the significant association between forest use and the importance of forest ESs with wealth groups and membership status, respectively. Perceptions on use, priority, and service trends are analyzed using descriptive statistics. We found a significant trade-off between subsistence and cash uses of provisioning, regulating, and cultural ESs across wealth groups. Food-provisioning services are essential for subsistence and cash uses for low wealth households than high wealth households, and they are more prioritized than regulating services. The perceived importance of different ESs categories varied significantly across all wealth groups. High-wealth households have more perceived importance in provisioning, regulating, and supporting services than low-wealth households. Medium wealth respondents have more perceived importance of regulating and supporting services than low wealth respondents. But no significant difference is found in the importance of cultural services across all wealth groups. There is a statistically significant difference between member and non-member households for the perceived importance of different ecosystem categories. Member households have more perceived importance towards provisioning, regulating and supporting, and cultural services than non-member households. There is a need for advocacy and awareness creation about regulating and supporting services among local households who are non-members of PFM, enhancing agricultural productivity, and promoting alternative livelihood strategies for forest-dependent poor households to maintain sustainable forest conservation and flow of provisioning ESs.

Policy on Forest Land Use Change for Oil Palm Plantations in Lamandau Regency, Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia

The conversion of forest functions has often occurred in Indonesia with the background of regional development, tourism and plantation business. The various impacts of this forest conversion can be categorized into environmental impacts, namely hydrology, erosion and sedimentation, fires, extinction of flora and fauna, and impacts on the socio-economic community around the forest. The aim of this research is to analyze the policy of forest conversion into oil palm plantations in Lamandau Regency, Central Kalimantan Province. The research was conducted using the socio-legal method with a qualitative approach which is expected to find hidden meanings behind the objects and subjects to be studied. The data in this study were obtained through observation, interviews, document interpretation (text), and personal experience. The results showed that the policy of the Lamandau Regency Regional Regulation was in accordance with the Forestry Law No. 41 of 1999 Article 48 paragraph (5). The policy is to ensure the best possible forest protection. To ensure sustainability, communities with their local wisdom are involved in forest protection efforts through the provision of assistance, services, technical assistance, education, training and socialization about forest management processes. As suggestions, State Forest Company in Lamandau Regency is expected to increase socialization to palm oil companies and communities around the Lamandau forest area regarding policies related to forest protection. For forest village communities, in order to maintain the sustainability of production forests in Lamandau Regency, they are expected to be more concerned about natural resources in production forests.

Sınırlar Karıştığında: Geç Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda Köy Ortak Ormanlarının Tahdidi

In 16 January 1905 the village headman of the Kaymarofça (Priştine) and two members of the village councile wrote a petition to Inspectorship of Rumeli Province on behalf of village people, and lodged a complaint with neighbouring villagers of Kraçiçe (Prezrin) along of their encroachment to the village coppice. This was an usual plaint at first blush, however the actual situation was more complex for the case was intervened two different offices: the courts and local councils. In such a context, I propose that to whom belongs village forests and how their borders define in case of controversy constituted main tensions between neighbouring villages. In this paper, on the basis of a conflict story, I will first discuss the problem of jurisdictional question in the Ottoman Empire concerning village forests. Secondly, I will scrutinize the process of trial and demarcation, by focusing on their actors, methods and potential outcomes.

Physicochemical and functional characteristics of black potato (Coleus tuberosus) flour from some locations in East Java Indonesia

Coleus tuberous (local name: kentang hitam/black potato) is widely available in Indonesia. Commonly, black potatoes are only boiled and made into side dishes. Black potatoes have the potential to be the ingredient of functional foods. However, black potatoes can only be harvested once a year. Therefore, a low moisture form (flour) storage is required for longer shelf life. Research on physicochemical and functional characteristics of black potato flour is expected to widen the use of black potato flour as raw materials in various food products. This study was aimed to analyze the chemical, physical, and functional characteristics of black potato flour originating from Sunthi (Jaten), Begal, and Kopenan Forest villages in East Java, Indonesia. All the measurements were carried out with three replications and analyzed using one-way ANOVA, then followed by the Tukey test to find the difference from each sample at a 0.05 significance level. The correlation analysis and principal component analysis were also subjected to study the relationship between each character of the samples. The result indicated that the tuber and starch have relatively high ash, amylose, and total phenol concentration. Several high correlations were found between the characteristics of the black potato flours. One of the high correlations was the water absorption index with starch, amylose, and total phenolic content. The principal component analysis (PCA) also found that the three samples were loading differently in the score plot. Two first principal components (PCs) were the contributing factor for 100% of the differences.

Impact of energy flow on dry deciduous forest of Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary of Central of India

The present paper, based on a study of five village ecosystems, assesses the energy efficiency of rain-fed agriculture in a dry tropical environment and the impact of agricultural activity on the surrounding natural ecosystems. Energy flow in the forest villages of Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary of Central India, along with it’s impact on the surrounding forests have been assessed and documented. Energy requirements such as firewood, food, fodder, and kerosene were inventoried. Energy efficiency was determined by calculating output-input ratio. Paddy was cultivated as single rainfed crop and except or rice all the food items in the villages were imported from the market. About 75-80% and 95-100% of the fodder and firewood needs were met from the forests, respectively. The use of firewood and kerosene in the study villages were 132 kg day -1 and 2 l day -1 . Firewood consumption was 185 x 10 5 KJ yr -1 ha -1 of cultivated land. Kerosene use ranged from 5 to 14 x 10 5 KJ yr -1 ha -1 . Fodder from the forests used for the livestock ranged between 324 to 606 x 10 5 KJ yr -1 ha -1 of cultivated land. The energy efficiency was 2.67 for all the cropped area. The illegal felling and lopping of trees was found to be increasing in concentric circles in and around the villages along with grazing, resulting into a savanna like situation. The study recommends conservation of forests by establishing fuel wood plantations, woodlots and pastures. For fulfilling the fodder requirements, village pastures should be developed with a mixture of grasses and legumes. All possible encouragement of reduction of livestock population needs to be given. Systematic fuel-wood plantations of fast-growing plants within the villages or their immediate environs would surely reduce the stress on the natural forests. Integration of fodder, fuel, and food, production through agroforestry and silvipasture systems needs to be experimented with and, when found effective, duly popularized. This may reduce the need for areas to be put under fodder and fuel-wood production. To reduce the existing levels of fuel-wood consumption, public awareness needs to be generated about the low efficiency of existing cooking practices and the pollution hazards from wood-burning. By the introduction of efficient wood-burning stoves it would be possible to reduce fuel-wood consumption. Possibilities of substitution of fuel-wood by other sources of energy—such as solar energy and kerosene— should be taken into consideration. Above all, efforts have to be made for alternative and complementary means of livelihood of the villagers—for the coupled optimal use of available man-days and economic well-being.

Analysis of Diversity and Abundance Soil Insects in Taman Gumi Banten, Forest of Wanagiri Village, Buleleng

The forest in Wanagiri Village about 1.055 ha, and almost 250 ha of that forest managed as “village forest”. Village forest is the forest that is used by villagers, and in addition to being a natural reservoir area and maintaining water availability. This research aims to explored diversity and abundance soil insects that play a role in maintaining soil fertility. Surface insects were collected using the pitfall trap method, while infauna or ground insects were collected using the core method. The site of this research consists of 8 plots each site with random purposive sampling. The results showed that macrofauna species were higher than infauna. The diversity Index of soil insects is in the low category (0.355987).

STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN HUTAN KEMASYARAKATAN DENGAN POLA AGROFORESTRY DI DESA RANA KOLONG KECAMATAN KOTA KOMBA KABUPATEN MANGGARAI TIMUR

Forest is a stretch of land with a certain area that is overgrown with trees and other plants. Forests have functions as production forests, conservation forests and protection forests. Through the Ministry of Environment and Forestry held a Social Forestry program to improve the welfare of communities around the forest through a pattern of empowerment and remain guided by aspects of forest sustainability and in the form of Village Forests, Community Forests, Community Plantation Forests, Customary Forests and Partnership Forest. Communty Forests activities are only applied in protected forest areas and production forests.
 The purpose of the study was to determine the Communty Forests development strategy and agroforestry pattern in Rana Kolong Village, Komba City District, East Manggarai Regency which was carried out for 3 months from August - October 2020. The Communty Forests development strategy with agroforestry patterns in Rana Kolong village was formulated using SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis is a strategic planning method to evaluate the factors that influence efforts to achieve goals, namely comparing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The level of community dependence on forests is very high, as evidenced by the large number of people who have arable land in forest areas with cultivation of Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum), Avocado (Persea americana), Candlenut (Aleurites moluccanus), Cocoa (Theobroma cacao), Coconut (Cocous nucifera). , Areca nut (Areca cetechu), Aren (Arenga pinnata), Bamboo (Bambuseae), Coffee (Coffea), Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas), Cassava (Manihot esculenta), Porang (Amorphopallus muelleri), White Teak (Gmelina arborea), Sengon (Albizia chinensis) and Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni).
 The results showed that the strategy recommendation obtained to improve the Communty Forests development strategy with an agroforestry pattern in the research area was the SO (Strenghts-Opportunities) strategy, namely by using opportunities to take advantage of existing strengths with activities such as increasing community participation in managing and supporting the utilization of Communty Forests with a pattern. agroforestry, increasing the government's role in the development of local and non-local plants, compiling a management plan for the use of Communty Forests areas to develop wood and non-timber plant species in accordance with Communty Forests land conditions, seeing legal support on Communty Forests as a reference material.