Villages Of District Research Articles

Psychological and socio-cultural factors affecting latrine ownership and usage in rural South India.

The levels of latrine utilization were lower than the levels of latrine ownership in rural areas owing to certain psycho-social barriers hindering latrine construction and consistent utilization. The study was aimed to identify the proportion of latrine construction and usage and to explore the psychological, socio-cultural and structural factors influencing latrine ownership and utilization. A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out at the four villages of Villupuram district for three months. After IEC clearance, information was collected from a representative sample of 422 households. Direct observation of the latrines was employed along with surveys. The data were entered and analysed in MS Excel. Categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages. Further, the reasons were categorized into psychological, socio-cultural and structural factors. About 54.7% households owned a latrine and among them 46.8% were using it. Psycho-social factors such as convenience, habitual nature, privacy and space constraints in open defecation influenced latrine ownership. Fear of snakes and insects, safety and protection, time saving and proper functioning latrines with availability of water facilitated latrine utilization are of concern. A multi-faceted strategy employing context-specific behaviour change communication along with Government's financial support would improve both latrine construction and utilization.

Assessment of natural radioactivity in soil samples along the coastal villages of Tirunelveli District, Tamilnadu, India using gamma-ray spectroscopy

ABSTRACT Natural radioactivity due to 238U, 232Th, and 40K in soil samples collected from coastal villages of Tirunelveli district, Tamilnadu was measured using a gamma-ray spectrometer. The activity concentrations of radionuclides in soil samples varied in the range of 5.45 to 263.30 Bq/kg for 238U, 72.56 to 1244.26 Bq/kg for 232Th, and 352.82 to 1751.41 Bq/kg for 40K respectively. The mean value of the radiological parameters like radium equivalent activity (549 Bq/kg), the annual effective dose rate indoor and outdoor (1.20 mSvy-1 and 0.30 mSvy-1), external and internal hazard indices (1.50 and 1.74) were estimated. All the radiological parameters exceed the world average values.

Outbreak of waterborne acute diarrheal disease in a South District village of Tripura: A public health emergency in the Northeast region of India

Food and waterborne outbreaks are a neglected public health problem in India. However, it is important to identify the source of infection and the causative pathogen to curb the outbreak quickly and minimize mortality and morbidity. A retrospective descriptive study was conducted with a line list of 130 diarrheal cases. Epidemiological investigation and laboratory investigation were done. Data were collected from hospital case report forms as well as interviewed affected cases. A case of acute diarrheal disease was reported among the people in the village with abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea from December 31, 2022 to January 3, 2023. Out of a total of 130 recorded cases, 33 stool samples were collected and were positive for Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri 3a, and Shigella sonnei by cultural and molecular tests. The presumptive fecal pollution indicator assay indicated high coliform counts in the water samples (most probable number [MPN]-05) and the presence of Escherichia coli. The identified pathogens showed susceptibility to gentamicin and meropenem. People who used public drinking water were found to be infected with acute diarrheal disease (ADD). Quick identification of the causative pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance pattern helped correct antibiotic prescriptions and quick recovery of the patients without any deaths. Thus, a timely implementation of food and waterborne outbreak investigation is crucial to saving lives and preventing the spread of infection.

Changing Scenario of Groundnut Stem and Collar Rot Diseases in Major Groundnut Growing Areas of Telangana

A roving survey was carried out in major groundnut-growing regions of Telangana state during kharif 2020 and kharif 2021 season aimed to assess the incidence of stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) and collar rot (Aspergillus niger) disease. The study revealed varying disease incidences at different stages and locations. The highest per cent disease incidence of stem rot from vegetative stage (22.05%) was recorded in Kalvapalle village of Mahabubabad district while maximum collar rot incidence (10.57%) was recorded in Choppadandi village of Karimnagar district. Lowest stem rot (7.81%) and collar rot (3.27%) incidence was recorded in Varkal village of Nalgonda district and Chakalpalle village of Wanaparthy district. Conversely at harvest stage maximum stem rot incidence (9.04%) was observed in Venkatapur village of Warangal district and maximum collar rot incidence (4.31%) was observed in Gundyala village of Mahabubnagar district. Lowest stem rot incidence (1.41%) was recorded in Gurthur village of Mahabubabad district while Collar rot incidence (1.69%) was recorded in Kondapur village of Nalgonda district.

Risk assessment of the jhumias in eastern Himalayan region: An IPCC framework approach

Climate change is intricately linked with amplifying existing risk across multiple sectors, and assessment of the indigenous farmers practising jhum (jhumias) is highly necessary for developing adaptation strategies in the biogeographically-diverse northeast Himalayan region. The current study estimates the Shared Socio-Economic Pathway 2 (SSP2) – 4.5 hazard scenario for the year 2040–2059 using Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project 6 (CIMP6) (mean projection) and Multi-Model Ensemble. The remaining risk dimensions (exposure and vulnerability) were derived from household survey data involving 450 households from 18 villages representing six districts, three states, and four watershed basins. This framework used an indicator approach for defining risk dimensions and a spatial approach for the final risk presentation and classification. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to select and group the indicators. All chosen indicators underwent varimax rotation, and factors with eigenvalues greater than one were considered for grouping into components. Different weights for each indicator were defined using the Shanon entropy method. Climate change risk was found to be highest in Khudengthabi village in Chandel district, followed by Sangshak village in Ukhrul district. Lack of land ownership, low yield, no alternative livelihood option, an insufficient market, and unavailability of labour force are some of the major factors contributing to higher risk in the area. The study recommends skill development and alternative livelihood programmes with a new education policy that encourages the dropout youth to continue in schools and colleges. Subsequent policy initiatives should prioritize villages, indicators and components with high index scores to optimize resource allocation and facilitate quicker adaptation.

Perspective on Artisinal and Small-scale gold Mining: Ecological and Socio-economic Inovation

Global aspirations for stringent mercury regulations have not been translated effectively in Russia, largely due to the emergence of new domestic cinnabar mining ventures. These initiatives have increased locally sourced mercury, reducing its cost and undermining efforts to curtail its use. This study employs Stochastic Multicriteria Acceptability Analysis (SMAA) within an environmental finance framework to rigorously assess the challenges associated with mitigating mercury use in artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in Russia. The sampling period for the research spans from June to September 2018 in the Krasnoyarsk Krai area, comprising Yeruda and Chebyzhek villages in the Kurakhinsky district and Abalatskoye village in the Minusinsky district. The paper investigated these complexities using SMAA to identify the multifaceted challenges in implementing the Minamata Agreement, a global treaty committed to regulating and curtailing mercury use. The findings revealed that mercury management is associated with various socioeconomic factors, labor relations, and power structures that have collectively hindered mercury-free practices in gold mining. Therefore, this study highlighted the critical need for a holistic, sustainable economic framework by incorporating new insights into the societal metabolic functions of dynamic mineral finance. Utilizing SMAA within the specific context of native employment conditions, the authors challenged the prevailing norms and offered robust, data-driven strategies aimed at reducing or eliminating mercury usage in ASGM.

Feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effect of a community-led HIV self-testing model among adolescent girls and young women in Rural Northern Uganda: a quasi-experimental study protocol

BackgroundAdolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in sub-Saharan Africa face a disproportionately higher HIV/AIDS burden despite the global decline in incidence. Existing interventions often fail to adequately address their unique social, economic, and cultural challenges, limiting access to essential HIV/AIDS services, including HIV testing. Emerging evidence indicates that HIV self-testing, a user-friendly and confidential method, enhances HIV diagnosis and linkage to care by targeting these barriers. This study aims to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary impact of a peer-delivered, community-health worker (CHW)-facilitated HIV self-testing intervention for AGYW in Northern Uganda.MethodsThis mixed-methods quasi-experimental implementation science study will employ a three-fold approach. Firstly, we will conduct baseline formative qualitative research with 50 AGYW, 50 parents/partners to AGYW, 30 CHWs, 15 community leaders, and the district health office to inform the design of a peer-delivered CHW-facilitated HIV self-testing intervention tailored to AGYW’s needs in Northern Uganda. Secondly, we will implement a mixed-methods pilot study to assess the intervention’s feasibility and acceptability, involving 415 AGYW, 30 AGYW peer leaders, and 10 CHWs in selected parishes and villages in Omoro district, Northern Uganda. Lastly, we will evaluate the implementation outcomes and preliminary impact of the intervention on HIV self-testing rates and linkage to care by collecting and analyzing quantitative data pre- and post-intervention, laying the groundwork for a future robust randomized controlled trial.DiscussionOur intervention combines CHWs and peer-led strategies to address the unique challenges of AGYW in Northern Uganda, leveraging community resilience and peer influence. Successful completion of this project will provide a scalable model to be evaluated in a randomized trial and replicated in similar contexts.Trial registration numberPACTR202404851907736. Registered with the Pan-African Clinical Trials Registry on April 22, 2024.

A Study on Mental Health Literacy of Unmarried Male Youth from Eight Villages of Aurangabad District Maharashtra, India

Mental health literacy in various parts of the globe among young adults showed identified depression and about a quarter shown psychoses. Around the world mental and developmental disorders in adolescent age is dramatically increasing including India. Marathwada is one of the regions of Maharashtra which is predominately drought prone and has seen rise in higher mental health issues and suicides in the past years. Our present research study attempted to assess the mental health literacy, mental health status of unmarried male youth from rural villages of Aurangabad district, Maharashtra, India. We also aimed to assess their help seeking behaviour and the general beliefs and attitudes they hold towards mental health. We hypothesized that mental health literacy among unmarried male youths is poor and help seeking behaviour among this group is less. The beliefs and attitudes of this group towards mental health conditions towards both gender is poor.

Empowering Rural Women Through Handloom Micro Enterprises: A Case Study of Udalguri District, Assam

Background: The handloom industry in Assam showcases a remarkable diversity that extends across both rural and urban areas which serves as a supplementary source of income for numerous households in the state. Nalkhamara, a village in Udalguri district of Assam became the workplace for a group of 15 most talented weavers who grouped to form a SHG called Rampar Self Help Group. But unfortunately, they faced significant challenges due to limited resources and absence of marketing organizations. In order to address the issues, the SHG reached out to the KVK, Udalguri for assistance and accordingly, the KVK conducted a demonstration on capacity building of women weavers to enhance their skills in weaving and provided guidance on modern marketing techniques etc. Hence, the present study was planned with the objectives to analyze the economic impact on weavers before and after KVK intervention, types of products manufactured and the constraints faced by them. Methods: The study has followed the case study method with a total of 15 weavers of Rampar SHG having training under KVK, Udalguri. A pre tested questionnaire was prepared to collect data. To measure the economic impact, parameters like gross cost and return, net return, B: C ratio etc. were considered before and after intervention. To evaluate the problems of weavers, open ended questions were asked. Suitable statistical tools were used to analyze the data. Result: With the intervention of KVK Udalguri, the weavers of the SHG able to earn average annual income between Rs. 13.00 to Rs.15.00 lakhs and could able to produced twenty types of diversified handloom products. The constraints faced by them were like improper time management, high input price, exploitation by intermediaries etc.

Pendampingan Penguatan Ekonomi Kreatif Perempuan Desa Tamansari Wonorejo Kabupaten Pasuruan

The aim of this assistance is to quickly start empowering women's creative economy evenly in the villages of Pasuruan district. The approach used to build the strength and potential of Tamansari village women in a sustainable manner, in this case how to empower Tamansari Village women, is the Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) approach, which is a service approach that empowers the assets owned by a community. The results of the implementation of the creative socio-economic strengthening program for women in Tamansari village are very influential in increasing human resources, creativity and welfare of women in Tamansari village and its surroundings, and changes in society that are more solid and have a positive image towards social change.

Mapping of plant nutrients in the soils of Bandarupalli and Mannasamudram villages in Yerpedu Mandal of Tirupati District: A GIS Approach

The present investigation involves understanding of the site-specific nutrient content through nutrient maps and recommendation of fertilizers based on the soil test values. The Fertilizer recommendations based on soil fertility status is the key for ensuring the productivity and sustainability of the system. The generation of soil fertility maps at Rythu Bharosa Kendra (RBK) or Farmer Assurance Centres level helps in judicious use of chemical fertilizers. The present study was conducted in Bandarupalli and Mannasamudram villages of Tirupati district, Andhra Pradesh. The soil fertility parameters were mapped by using the Arc GIS ver 10 software for major and micro nutrients. The spatial analysis of fertility of the study area indicated that the soils of study area were slightly acidic to strongly alkaline (6.17 to 8.71). The electrical conductivity (EC) was non- saline and ranged from 0.08 to 0.46 dS m-1 . The organic carbon was low to medium status. The available nitrogen was ranged from low to medium (50.16 – 304.6 kg ha-1 ), available phosphorous (13.4 – 89.6 kg ha-1 ) and potassium (69 – 925 kg ha-1 ) were ranged from low to high. The available calcium and magnesium were sufficient status ranged from 5.0 to 16.5 and 1.9 to 9.7 cmol (p+ ) kg-1 , respectively. The available sulphur varied from deficient to sufficient (2.5 to 24 mg kg-1 ). The DTPA extractable micronutrients viz., Cu, Mn and Zn were sufficient and ranged from 0.2 to 9.53, 1.33 to 9.37 and 0.62 to 9.32 mg kg-1 , respectively except iron which was in deficient to sufficient status (4.12 to 22.57 mg kg-1 ).

Toponymy and its aspects in naming villages as tourism destinations in Madura: An ethnolinguistics perspective

This study is intended to analyze the category of toponyms of tourism destinations in Bangkalan, Madura in particular the four villages where the tourism destinations exist based on the aspect of the naming system. Then, it identifies the relation between the toponym with the cultural values of the names of those tourism destinations. This study used a descriptive qualitative method. The data are names of the villages in Kamal, Socah, and Bangkalan districts in which there are four tourism villages. The data collection was carried out by observing, interviewing the head of the villages, and reviewing the document of villages for tourism destinations. Results of the study show that there are three aspects of toponymy in the four tourism villages. They are toponymy of vegetation, history, and embodiment. There is no regional toponymy. From the aspect of naming the villages, it can provide important cultural and historical moments representing the people's lives, religious, and linguistic creativity. The place name is not merely arbitrary but depends on various factors or aspects and provides linguistic and cultural information toward the name of the four tourism villages in this study.

Canopy garden model for synergy of land and sea area on Papan Island in Tojo Una Una Regency, Central Sulawesi

Pulau Papan is one part of the Togean archipelago, Kabupaten Tojo Una Una. Initially, the Pulau Papan area was part of Tiga Pulau Village, Walea Islands District and Malenge Village, Talatako District, because the people who lived in this area came from these two villages. However, in 2011 Pulau Papan was expanded along with the increase in the number of family heads by 638 people and became part of the Kadoda Village area, Talatako District. The aim of this research is to build synergy in destination development between sea space and land/island space by creating regional nodes that are beautiful and function for the public. The public function that is formed can be utilized by the community both as a public space and a functional area that is beneficial for the residents of Pulau Papan, for example a green area containing vegetables for the residents. This vegetable green area is needed because of the limited vegetables on Pulau Papan. The solution proposed in this research is to design a canopy garden model that can become a green structure in the Pulau Papan area. The canopy garden will function to synergize the arrangement of land and sea areas on Pulau Papan. This canopy garden modeling was obtained through a survey process of the Pulau Papan area, then determining the meeting points for the mobility of residents on Pulau Pulau Papan. The public function that is formed can be utilized by the community both as a public space and a functional area that is beneficial for the residents of Pulau Papan, for example a green area containing vegetables for the residents.

The Impact of Farm Production Factors on The Income of Horticultural Farmers in East Java

In agricultural growth, the horticulture subsector holds a crucial place. However, one of the most common and productive challenges that farmers deal with is capital limits. Lack of financing is frequently cited as a barrier to addressing rising production costs and erratic commodities selling prices. Financing for factors of production becomes challenging as a result. This study aims to analyze the influence of farm production factors on the income of horticultural farmers in East Java. Data collection was conducted in two locations, namely Wonomulyo Village, Poncokusumo District, Malang Regency, and Pacet Village, Pacet District, Mojokerto Regency. These two locations were chosen purposefully because they are horticulturally producing centers in East Java with the most financial institutions, with a total of 160 respondents. Data collection methods can include interviews using a questionnaire tool. To fulfill the research objective, multiple regression analysis has been used. The land area variable has the most influence since income and land area interact in such a way that as land area is utilized, revenue rises accordingly. The data indicates that there is a positive significance between land area and income in East Java's horticulture farms. Farmers need to seek to intensify horticulture to increase production on existing land with a farming venture. As well as the development of the agribusiness system through Cooperative Farming.

Daseinsvorsorge und Infrastruktur

The following article spatialises the abstract and broad field of infrastructure in such a way that it is useful for urban research so that we can capture both its functional dimension (equipment of an urban space with infrastructure) and the urban dimension (location of infrastructural offerings at a certain place in the urban space). The objects of investigation are punctiform, social and technical, urban and public infrastructures. This meso-level of spatial planning may be a neighbourhood in a large city, or the core of a small town municipality comprising urban and village districts – in both cases, with a few thousand residents each. Infrastructures mostly occur in a punctiform manner (which we will explain) and thus become an urban design feature. Since the provision of infrastructure is part of public responsibility and thus spatial governance, it is necessary to sharpen the notion of the German word Infrastruktur in contrast to the German word Daseinsvorsorge, which means the concept of services of general interest. One reason to care about the meaning of these words in an academic discussion with a spatial approach is that Daseinsvorsorge in particular has, as a notion, often been used without specific spatialisation in contemporary urban and spatial policy discourses, especially in the juxtaposition of common good and austerity orientations. On the other hand, it originates from a spatial ordinance leitmotiv. For this purpose, we examine how the terms are embedded in societal contro versies on spatial production. English title: Services of general interest and infrastructure. Considering regional and urban planning in infrastructure planning

Ethno‐Botanical Study of Medicinal Plants from Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh: Methanolic Extracts of Four Species and their Antimicrobial, Anti‐Inflammatory and Toxicity Properties

AbstractThe traditional usage of Plumbago zeylanica L, Cassia alata L, Caesalpinia crista L, and Rubia Cordifolia L in the villages of Vidisha district in Madhya Pradesh, India, has sparked research into the plants' phytochemical makeup and a range of possible medicinal benefits. This research is the first to describe the phytochemical makeup, powerful anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of PZ stem. The PZ stem and CA fruit methanolic extracts has the greatest levels of phenolic, flavonoid, and flavonol compounds and has a robust antioxidant capacity for scavenging DPPH and hydrogen peroxide with regard to A. flavus, A. baumannii, A. fumigatus, S. aureus, K. pneumonia, and R. oryzae, the anti‐bacterial and anti‐fungal activity of the chosen plant extracts are strongest for PZ, CA, and CA T. terrestris leaf.

IJCM_161A: Lifestyle related risk behaviour among hypertensive fishermen: Baseline: characteristics of an interventional study

Background: Fishing forms one of the essential livelihood options of inhabitants of the coastal line of the country. It is a stressful and hazardous occupation making fishermen prone to multiple lifestyle diseases. A number of researches have revealed that modifiable risk factors of NCDs are prevalent and are associated with NCDs, including hypertension among fishermen. Risk factors contributing to these include; tobacco and alcohol consumption, unhealthy dietary habits and obesity Objective: To identify the socio-demographic and lifestyle related risk factors among hypertensive fishermen at baseline of an interventional study Methodology: Baseline data for an interventional study was collected among hypertensive fishermen. Participants were recruited from Malpe and Kaup villages of Udupi district for the intervention and routine care arms respectively using a purposive sampling method identified from existing database. Data was collected using a pre-tested questionnaire using standard protocols. A health educational video was then shown to the participants of the intervention arm. The baseline data of both arms was entered and analysed using SPSS Version.26.0. Results: The mean (±SD) age of 112 participating fishermen from both study arms was 58.53 (± 8.72) years. Around 62.5% and 37.5% fishermen had blood pressure in grade 2 and grade 1 range respectively. More than half (61.6%) were ever tobacco users with 50.9% indulging in the habit of smokeless tobacco chewing. Majority (90.2%) were consumers of alcohol with 33% users indulging in hazardous drinking and showing dependence patterns. Nearly three-fourth (70.6%) fishermen were found to be obese and only 1.8% showed a low risk of cardiovascular diseases based on their waist-hip ratio. Conclusion: Risk factors for hypertension and other NCDs like substance use and central obesity were found in more than half of the hypertensive fishermen. Novel interventions facilitating behavioural modification in such occupational groups is essential

Management Strategies of Tropical Savanna Ecosystem for Multiple Benefits of Community Livelihoods in Semiarid Region of Indonesia

Tropical savannas are complex landscapes composed of mainly grasses and a matrix of proportions of discontinuous tree cover. They play an essential role in providing multiple ecosystem services including biodiversity, carbon storage, and socio-economic and cultural values. However, knowledge of sustainable land management practices is still the main challenge, especially to incorporate conservation practices and well-planned fire management. Indonesia is a tropical country with a relatively large area of savannas in the eastern part of the country, in the province of East Nusa Tenggara, with the largest savannas lying in the east of Sumba Island. This study explored the level of knowledge, behaviours, and actions in managing savannas in the east of Sumba Island. The study involved key informant interviews and household surveys among the local population in four villages of Kanatang and Kota Waingapu districts. The communities generally utilized the savanna ecosystems for crop cultivation, plantation farming, and livestock production. This utilization poses a great challenge to explore proper strategies for managing the savanna landscapes sustainably and for conservation. The demands on the land are due to land clearing for farming and livestock, low awareness of conservation practices, and regular drought. Learning from this research, management strategies to sustain savanna ecosystems should focus on: 1) improving knowledge and behaviour on sustainable farming and grazing practices, 2) establishing proper fire management systems to sustain the savanna ecosystem functions and services, 3) designing policies or regulations for managing savanna ecosystems, 4) enhancing networks and coordination for collective community actions.

Reproductive disorders of cows in several villages of Kedamean district, Gresik regency, East Java, Indonesia in 2023

Reproductive disorders of cows in several villages of Kedamean district, Gresik regency, East Java, Indonesia in 2023

Digital Innovation Based on Village Mall Application in the Development of Sidomulyo Tourism Village, Silo District Jember Regency

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyse the influence of digital innovation, specifically the Malldesa application, on tourism village development in Sidomulyo Village, Silo Sub-district, Jember Regency. Malldesa is developing tourism communities in Sidomulyo Village, Silo District, Jember Regency. The research method employed is qualitative, including observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and document analysis as the primary data sources. Malldesa management, community leaders, local officials, and visitors are among those who responded to the research. The findings revealed that the Malldesa application favourably impacted the growth of tourist communities in Sidomulyo Village. This program facilitates transactions, promotes local products, and broadens market reach for village businesses. Malldesa has also helped villages improve their information technology skills and comprehend the value of branding and digital marketing. Furthermore, this digital innovation has increased community participation in tourism village administration. Community participation in decision-making and development planning in tourist villages has expanded, improving collaboration between local governments, business actors, and communities. Thus, this study shows that digital innovation based on the Malldesa application plays a vital role in the development of tourism villages in Sidomulyo Village, Silo District, and Jember Regency. Information technology in the tourist sector can be one of the answers to improving the welfare of rural populations and advancing the area's tourism potential.