Village Cadres Research Articles

How Do Network Embeddedness and Environmental Awareness Affect Farmers’ Participation in Improving Rural Human Settlements?

Based on social embeddedness theory, this paper aims to explore the influence mechanism of network embeddedness and environmental awareness on farmers’ participation in improving rural human settlements (IRHS). This research applies the Logit model and the Bootstrap method, using survey data from 495 farmers in Hubei Province, China. The results show that: (1) relational embeddedness has a significant negative impact on the centralized treatment of farmers’ domestic sewage, implying that strengthening the relationship between farmers and households helps to provide them with centralized treatment for domestic sewage; (2) environmental awareness has a significant positive impact on the centralized treatment of farmers’ domestic sewage, implying that the enhancement of farmers’ environmental awareness increases the promotion centralized treatment for domestic sewage; and (3) structural embeddedness can further affects farmers’ environmental awareness and then affects their participation in the centralized treatment of domestic sewage, implying that environmental awareness has a mediating effect between structural embeddedness and the centralized treatment of farmers’ domestic sewage. Overall, it is necessary not only to encourage the establishment of extension and discussion networks for farmers (relational embeddedness) to participate in IRHS but also to improve environmental education for farmers, especially by increasing their access to environmental knowledge and information (environmental awareness in mountainous areas, and, finally to support farmers. The relationship between the members and the village cadres (structural embeddedness) can further improve farmers’ awareness of participation in IRHS to better guide them in the centralized treatment of domestic waste and domestic sewage.

The Paradigm Shift in the Disciplining of Village Cadres in China: From Mao to Xi

AbstractVillage cadres are important agents for the state yet disciplining them has been difficult. There are few disciplinary tools that can easily hold them to account. Prior to 2018, Party discipline did not apply to non-Party cadres. Legislation was ambiguous in relation to these grassroots agents and had to rely heavily on legal interpretation. The impact of the cadre evaluation system on village cadres, who are not considered to be public servants on the state payroll, was limited. This situation has changed since 2018. The party-state has consolidated and institutionalized ways in which grassroots cadres are checked and disciplined. Instead of relying on policy regulation, which had been the dominant disciplinary method since 1949, village cadres are now fully subject to Party rules and state laws. These changes have been accomplished through the application of three measures. First, village Party secretaries are to serve concurrently as village heads, and members of village and Party committees are to overlap, thereby making them subject to Party discipline. Second, village cadres are now considered to be “public agents” and are on an equal legal footing with other state agents. Finally, a campaign waged by the criminal justice apparatus cleaned up village administration and prepared it for upcoming village elections in a new era.

Pelatihan Pemantapan MS. Office Bagi Kader Desa

This Community Service activity is carried out in the form of training for village cadres in using Microsoft Office software in utilizing information technology at this time. This training material was delivered to the community members in Dadimulyo Village, Kisaran Barat District, Kab. Asahan, which amounted to approximately 30 people. This service activity was carried out using lectures, demonstrations, and exercises accompanied by questions and answers. The lecture method is used to explain the introductory concept of the introduction of Microsoft Office software as one of the media in facilitating human work. The demonstration method is used to show a work process, namely the stages of introducing the tools that exist in Microsoft Office software and knowing each of their functions, while the training method is to practice directly using the application. While the question and answer method are to allows participants to consult to overcome obstacles in understanding the material that has been obtained. The final result of this activity is expected to provide knowledge to Dadimulyo village cadres regarding the use of Ms. Office, especially Ms. Word in the process of making reports to the village head.

The challenges and implementation in overcoming stunting by primary health care practitioners

Stunting events in Indonesia have fallen by around 7% in the last 5 years. That declined nationally has not been followed by a decrease in the prevalence of stunting in all primary health care (PHC), one of the PHC in Gunung Kidul Regency, has been able to reduce stunting prevalence in the last 3 years. The purpose of this study was to find out how the challenges and implementation faced by PHC practitioner Gunung Kidul Regency to overcoming the problem of stunting. Qualitative descriptive with single case study design. Data collection was conducted with semi-structured interviews with 5 PHC practitioners and triangulation of resources with cadres and village government. PHC practitioners village government and cadres had the same perspective to overcoming the problem of stunting, but the community was still unfamiliar. This was a challenge for health center practitioner. In addition, the measurement of growth of children under five carried out by cadres at the posyandu was considered to be inaccurate health workers. Therefore the implementation of the 1000 HPK Movement places more emphasis on strengthening the capacity of cadres in capturing stunting toddlers and how cadres provide infant and child feeding counseling so that stunting toddlers were more quickly detected and stunting problems were more likely to be overcome. PHC practitioners do the same perception with the village government and cadres in overcoming the problem of stunting, so that the collaboration has an impact on reducing the prevalence of stunting. The challenge faced by PHC practitioners is to maintain the accuracy of the measurement of infant growth by cadres in the posyandu by increasing assistance.

Factors of Energy Poverty: Evidence from Tibet, China

Energy poverty due to rising energy demand is a matter of global concern. Therefore, examination of the causes of energy poverty and development of effective solutions are urgent concerns. Using survey data on livelihood development in Tibetan farming and pastoral areas in 2019, this study applied logistic and ordinary least squares models to empirically investigate the factors that influence energy poverty in Tibet. We found that energy poverty is (1) unrelated to age, gender, education, marital status, political and village cadre experience, planting, or expenditures related to religious activities; (2) negatively correlated with migrant work, village status, household income, and traffic conditions; (3) positively correlated with employment, area, and breeding; and (4) both positively and negatively affected by family residence altitude. The results offer new insights and empirical evidence for the identification and elimination of energy poverty, improving livelihoods, and promoting rural revitalisation in Tibet.

Between company and community: The case of a community-based protest and its implications for employment relations in an acquaintance society context in China

Research on labour disputes in China has primarily adopted a political economy perspective to focus on state-owned enterprises inland and foreign-invested plants in economically developed zones. Research has neglected community-based protests in small private firms in urbanising areas and their implications for human resource management and employment relations. This paper addresses this gap through an in-depth case study of a community-based, village cadres and clan leaders-led protest (including strike actions) against a privately-owned metal work factory located in a local community. Deploying the notion of community politics and ‘acquaintance society’, the study enriches our knowledge of industrial actions in China by extending the analytical scope of the context to understand the motive and choice of actions of individuals in participating in the disputes, and modes of dispute resolution. The study reveals the important role of social institutions and cultural norms, as well as the significance of discrete interventions of bureaucrats in the outcome of the dispute. We find that the settlement of community-based (labour) disputes may not officially involve key formal institutional actors, such as the trade union and legal/government authority. Rather, these institutional actors may be involved in an unofficial capacity, though drawing on power derived from their bureaucratic position in the intervention.

Probing NGO–community Interactions through Village Cadres and Principal–agent Relationships: Local Effects on the Operation of NGO Projects in Rural China

ABSTRACT Interactions between NGOs and rural communities in China are an important yet understudied subject. By examining a water conservation project undertaken by an international NGO, this article probes how NGOs and rural communities interact through village cadres, who have considerable influence in shaping the operation and outcomes of NGO projects. In this case, the international NGO struggled to fulfill its aspirations despite making strategic adjustments to either avoid or form alliances with the village cadres. The agency problems inherent in the multiple principal–agent relationships between village cadres and the local government, between village cadres and villagers, and between village cadres and the NGO, gave rise to complicated dynamics of selective implementation by the village cadres, thus creating local constraints on the NGO’s community project.

Spiritual Inspiration of Village Cadres and Inclusive Innovation of Bricolage in Rural Autonomy in China.

In the rural autonomous context of China, inclusive innovation of bricolage is a widespread phenomenon. However, the existing research rarely considers villagers as the main actors of innovation. In a research survey of 23 provinces in China, we studied the internal mechanism of inclusive innovation of bricolage. We found that the spiritual inspiration of the village cadres is positively related to inclusive innovation of bricolage behavior of villagers. Moreover, the results revealed that affective commitment to the village of the villagers plays a mediating role in the relationship between the spiritual inspiration of the village cadres and inclusive innovation of bricolage behavior of villagers. In addition, our findings reveal that resilience of villagers plays a moderating role in the relationship between the spiritual inspiration of the village cadres and inclusive innovation of bricolage behavior of villagers.

Influencing factors of farmers' adoption of pro-environmental agricultural technologies in China: Meta-analysis

As one of the main focuses of agricultural development research, changes in agricultural technology are a dynamic reflection of the economic environment. This paper uses the Meta-analysis method to conduct a comprehensive analysis of 77 empirical studies to reveal the influence factors, sources of heterogeneity, and influence effects of farmers on the adoption behavior of pro-environmental agricultural technology over time. The results show the following: (1) Influencing factors of farmer's pro-environmental agricultural technology adoption behavior are not completely homogeneous. Among the factors, age, farming population, family income, farm income ratio, number of plots, and land transfer have a regulating effect. Most of the observed heterogeneity relates to the research areas, funding levels and models used. (2) Age, off-farm income ratio, and land fragmentation have a significantly negative impact on farmers' adoption of pro-environmental agricultural technologies. We find no impact on household size, farming population, and village cadres. Farm income ratio, farmland protection policy awareness, land transfer, and government subsidies have significantly positive effects. (3) Over time, only land transfer has a significantly positive impact on the adoption of pro-environmental agricultural technologies by farmers, and the impact has gradually increased. The farming population, technical understanding, and number of plots have no significant impact, but their effects have weakened to varying degrees. Therefore, policymakers and other stakeholders need to consider geographical differences and farming systems, the technology needs of different farmers and affordable costs, in addition to focusing on common variables, when designing policies to encourage the adoption of agricultural technologies in China. Meanwhile, improve the development level of the land rental market, strengthen publicity, training, and subsidies, and increase farmers' information awareness.

Village cadre behavior in the household-based management of inorganic waste

Waste is still a problem in Indonesia. The increase in population causes the volume of waste to continue to grow, in Karangmangu Village, Banyumas Regency. Data on the increase in the volume of waste in Banyumas Regency reached 21.4%. The volume of inorganic waste is greater than organic waste because Karangmangu Village is a tourism buffer area in Baturraden. This study aimed to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of cadres in the management of inorganic waste. The method used was descriptive qualitative. The research subjects were obtained using a purposive technique by conducting interviews with cadres as the main research subjects, midwives, and supporting informants. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and documentation. The results showed that the cadres had understood the definition, types, management, and negative impacts of inorganic waste. Based on their attitudes, the cadres consider the case of handling inorganic waste to be not optimal. In practice, they have sorted inorganic waste, managed a waste bank, made bricks, and produced handicrafts. Strategies to overcome obstacles in waste management are optimizing the facilities and infrastructure for the procurement of waste banks, as well as training more people to make handicrafts and market handicraft products. This study concludes that the presence of village cadres is able to increase public awareness in waste management.

Understanding Heritage-Led Development of the Historic Villages of China: A Multi-case Study Analysis of Tongren

ABSTRACT Historic villages in China have dramatically changed in recent years, particularly those in poor areas where local culture and a lagging economy constitute the socio-economic framework. The critical relationship between preservation and commodification has become the focus of debate, but little attention has been paid to how different historic villages have been changed through heritage-led development processes and different patterns of stakeholders involved. In this paper, a case study is presented, which focuses on three historic villages in Tongren, China. The findings confirm the idea that heritage preservation as a governance technique is vulnerable to changing socio-economic circumstances. Three transformational approaches with different patterns of stakeholder engagement are identified. In addition, the coalition between the government and real-estate development enterprises played a dominant role in the government-led approach. In the case where the government and enterprises are not strongly present, village elites and village cadres are the power holders in leading to the heritage-led development despite their dual position in heritage preservation and profit-making. This paper suggests that the rigorous, scientific investigation in the planning and project-making involving a shared platform of stakeholders should be developed to address a shared future for the historic villages in China. Abbreviations: VRP: Village Rectification Plan; VEMC: Villages with Ethnic Minority Characteristics; HCTVs: Historical and Cultural Towns and Villages; CTVs: Chinese Traditional Villages; COEs: County-owned enterprises; ESMV: Ethnic Solidarity Model Village.

Skala Prioritas Penggunaan Dana Desa di Kabupaten Semarang, Demak, dan Kendal

The priority scale in the use of village funds is an effort to take into account village needs during the planning process and when the budget is used. Its implementation must be relevant to community needs. Determining the priority scale will face problems if it gets intervention from the regional head. This study aims to identify the priority scale for village use by Government Regulation Number 60 of 2014 concerning Village Funds. This research is a descriptive qualitative type. The research focuses are Kendal, Demak, and Semarang Regency. Data were collected through interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). The results of the study show that the determination of the priority scale is based on the needs and problems in each region. Semarang Regency is directed towards physical development; Demak Regency is directed at village governance, implementation of village development, community development, and empowerment of village communities; while the Kendal priority scale were village community development. This study recommends that there is a need for identification of program needs based on mapping of existing problems in the local area, it is necessary to carry out supervision to synchronize the APBDesa with the priority scale for the use of village funds as well as to follow up on the results of the monitoring report, and to include village cadres in the team that oversees the suitability of village fund proposals against priority scale and use of village funds.

Influences of Contingency Planning in Improving Preparedness of Tough Disaster Village Cadres in Facing Volcano Eruption Disaster in Blitar, East Java, Indonesia

The Village cadres' respite of death or of a calamity is the community as leading perpetrator of in the process of bringing into reality the spiritual or postponed for a while as well as technical and village. The purpose of this research to identify the influence of contingency planning in improving disaster preparedness or postponed for a while of having young village people in charge of disaster management deal with disaster of volcanic eruption. The quasi-experimental design was used. We recruited 25 the tough disaster village cadres with a total population sampling method. The analysis of the t-test showed the t-value of -5.269 and p-value of 0.001, it means that there was significant difference of the preparedness of tough disaster village cadres in facing volcanic eruptions disaster between before and after being given contingency planning. 
 
 Keywords: contingency planning; preparedness; village; caders; volcano; disaster

Research on the Influence of Village Carders on the Standardized Management System of Village-Level Affairs – Based on the Investigation and Analysis of District L, Y City, Shandong Province, China

Chinese anti-corruption struggle has achieved phased victory, the national corruption governance center has gradually moved down, and the issue of "micro-corruption" of village cadres has attracted widespread attention from the political, practical and academic circles. The standardized management system of village-level affairs is promoted and implemented nationwide as an institutional arrangement for regulating the power of village cadres and combating corruption. However, in the actual implementation process, there are problems such as passive implementation and even resistance to implementation by village cadres. The study took the L District of Y City, Shandong Province as an example, and found that the village cadres did not implement the corresponding standardized management system. The factors affecting the implementation of the standardized management system of the village cadres were investigated from the three-dimensional perspective of motivation, ability, and pressure, and then reasonable policy recommendations were put forward. Aims to give better play to the effectiveness of standardized systems.

Can campaign‐style enforcement work: When and how? Evidence from straw burning control in China

AbstractThe use of campaign‐style enforcement is often criticized for its lack of long‐term impacts and lack of impacts beyond campaign‐focused issues. Using a mixed approach that combines regression analysis and in‐depth interviews, we studied the campaigns against straw burning in several provinces of China, and found evidence to support the contrary. The campaigns did effectively reduce straw‐burning activities, and more importantly, the impact appears to be long lasting and may spill over to other environmental issues. We further found that informal institutions, such as Chinese face culture and the close ties between village cadres and farmers, play a very important role in determining the length and range of a campaign's impact. The values and limitations of campaign‐style enforcement are discussed.

A study on village economic cooperative in the city of China

According to the 2012 social blue book released by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, China's urban population reached 50% in 2011. With the migration from marriage and new household registration, many urban collective assets have been formed in cities. Due to the unclear property rights and the emptiness of the main body, the distribution of collective assets mostly depends on the village cadres. The central government is preparing relevant laws and regulations to fill this legal gap, while the scheme of restructuring is decided by the villagers' vote, the local government coordinate the land acquisition and management. With the process of urbanization, a large number of second-generation of demolition studied abroad, which has attracted worldwide attention. In addition to the huge amount of compensation, due to the continuous rising of the land price, the value of the collective property and enterprises on the land also keep rising, the management agency of these assets is named village economic cooperative. This paper seeks to analyze the current status and future direction of these wealthy organizations, propose solutions to some existing problems.

Can Resident Village Assistance of the First Secretary Enhance the Social Capital in Village? A Field Experiment Study

In recent years, a total of 255,000 village working teams have been dispatched across the country, and more than 2.9 million cadres of party & government agencies and state-owned enterprises & institutions above the county level have been selected to serve as first secretaries or village cadres, and there are currently 918,000 cadres on duty （Xi Jinping, 2020）. These cadres have become the “vanguard” in poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, and the production and living conditions in the countryside have been greatly improved due to the activities of carrying out bridges and roads, renovating village and alleviating poverty. More importantly, these cadres in villages are also at the grassroots level extensively forging ties of interest, emotion, and cooperation, so that rural households can be connected and help each other, and the relationship between cadres and groups gets closer （Han Jun, 2018）. From the perspective of social capital theory, the implicit and imperceptible social trust between people, and the political trust between cadres and groups are the core elements of the collective action capacity of rural communities, which will affect the revitalization and development of rural areas at a deeper level.In view of this, by using field experiment technology, this article selects three villages with the first secretary in Shandong as the experimental group, and selects a neighboring village with roughly the same economic and social development level and without the first secretary as the control group. It measures and compares the trust level of the two groups of tested villagers by implementing adjusted trust game experiment, and analyzes the impact of the first secretary’s assistance on villagers’ social and political trust. The study finds that villagers in the experimental group show higher social trust compared with villagers in the control group, and villagers trust the first secretary more compared with the village party branch secretary although the village party branch secretary is a local cadre and the first secretary in the village is an external force embedded in the village. Further research also finds that the work of the first secretary in the village can significantly enhance the social trust of low-trust villagers and villagers’ positive evaluation of the assistance of the first secretary in the village, especially the praise of the work of economic construction and social development is positively correlated with their trust on the first secretary. This article proposes some policy suggestions for promoting the rural revitalization strategy from the perspective of the capacity building of rural communities.

Resilience, vulnerability and adaptability: A qualitative study of COVID-19 lockdown experiences in two Henan villages, China.

BackgroundThe Chinese government’s early handling of COVID-19 has been perceived as aggressive and oppressive. Many of the most radical measures were adopted in Henan province, immediately north of Hubei, the pandemic’s epicentre in China. However, little is known about how rural residents—a group systematically disadvantaged in Chinese society—responded to authorities’ draconian restrictions.MethodsTo understand the lockdown measures and rural community responses at the grassroots level, face-to-face interviewers were conducted with both village cadres and villagers from two Henan villages in May and June 2020. The interviews were analysed with qualitative content analysis methods, with the coding process guided by the concepts of resilience, vulnerability and adaptability from the literature on disaster risk reduction.ResultsWe found that the lockdown measures were indeed radical and disproportionate relative to the level of risk presented; however, they were largely accepted by villagers. This contradiction can be explained by two key contributing factors: (i) shared interests of individual villagers and the converged goal of government and civil society, and (ii) tacit flexibility in COVID-19 adaption strategies to tackle conflict resulting from goal diversion between citizens and local governments.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the nuances of ground-level politics. Despite their ‘radical’ nature, the lockdown measures were not implemented as simple top-down coercion. Instead, they involved, importantly, the bottom-up, localised response of villagers, and they were negotiated and adapted according to local circumstances.

Survival of Folk Sports–Related Cultural Heritage in China

The modernization of governance in a society is not inconsistent with traditional culture. Modern governance should draw on the experience and wisdom contained in traditional culture. Protecting the heritage of a rich traditional culture not only provides a foundation for the modernization of governance, but it is also an obligation of that process. Folk traditional cultural heritage is the starting point of governance for society, and it is an important task of current governance to endow traditional cultural heritage with the significance of the times. This study reveals the different manifestations of the local rural clan, village cadres, folk sacrifice organizations, villagers, and local administrative institutions, in dealing with conflicts between folk sports–related cultural heritage and modernity. It also shows how the village cadres use folk sports–related culture in village governance and enliven the sports culture.

A Novel DBSCAN Clustering Algorithm via Edge Computing‐Based Deep Neural Network Model for Targeted Poverty Alleviation Big Data

Big data technology has been developed rapidly in recent years. The performance improvement mechanism of targeted poverty alleviation is studied through the big data technology to further promote the comprehensive application of big data technology in poverty alleviation and development. Using the data mining knowledge to accurately identify the poor population under the framework of big data, compared with the traditional identification method, it is obviously more accurate and persuasive, which is also helpful to find out the real causes of poverty and assist the poor residents in the future. In the current targeted poverty alleviation work, the identification of poor households and the matching of assistance measures are mainly through the visiting of village cadres and the establishment of documents. Traditional methods are time‐consuming, laborious, and difficult to manage. It always omits lots of useful family information. Therefore, new technologies need to be introduced to realize intelligent identification of poverty‐stricken households and reduce labor costs. In this paper, we introduce a novel DBSCAN clustering algorithm via the edge computing‐based deep neural network model for targeted poverty alleviation. First, we deploy an edge computing‐based deep neural network model. Then, in this constructed model, we execute data mining for the poverty‐stricken family. In this paper, the DBSCAN clustering algorithm is used to excavate the poverty features of the poor households and complete the intelligent identification of the poor households. In view of the current situation of high‐dimensional and large‐volume poverty alleviation data, the algorithm uses the relative density difference of grid to divide the data space into regions with different densities and adopts the DBSCAN algorithm to cluster the above result, which improves the accuracy of DBSCAN. This avoids the need for DBSCAN to traverse all data when searching for density connections. Finally, the proposed method is utilized for analyzing and mining the poverty alleviation data. The average accuracy is more than 96%. The average F‐measure, NMI, and PRE values exceed 90%. The results show that it provides decision support for precise matching and intelligent pairing of village cadres in poverty alleviation work.