Village Building Research Articles

Mobility in pastoral societies of Northern Mali: Perspectives on social and political rationales

Since the 1980s, the so-called “nomadic” populations in the regions of Northern Mali and Niger have embarked on an extensive process of settlement. Today they mostly live in villages or “settlement sites”. But, at the same time, individuals and small groups among these same populations have considerably enlarged their area of mobility and accelerated the rate and the value of the trade in which they engage. These two phenomena could, at first sight, appear contradictory. But the observation of empirical situations shows, rather, compatibilities, similarities even, between these two concomitant phenomena. Building on innovative debates conducted in geography and sociology, this article puts forward the hypothesis that the building of villages, as well as integration into military bases and barracks, proceeds from (social) rationales of mobility, just as much as transhumance, journeys, migration. Much more than a simple displacement in space, the notion of mobility could describe an “art of doing”, a way of being to others and to the world.

Experimental Study on Compressive Mechanical Performance of Fly-Ash Thermal Insulation Hollow Block Masonry

Non-autoclaved and non-sintered fly-ash perforated brick is a kind of new material for non-load-bearing walls. In order to promote the application of this new material in village and town buildings of seismic area, compression and shear strength of non-autoclaved and non-sintered fly-ash perforated brick masonry was tested and crack and failure progress was analyzed. The test results show that the failure processes and characteristics of the non-autoclaved and non-sintered fly-ash perforated brick masonry in compression and in shear are similar to that of the common brick masonry, however the non-autoclaved and non-sintered fly-ash perforated brick masonry tend to fail in brittle manner. The compression and shear strength are all less than that of the common brick masonry. A mathematic model of 6 degrees polynomial was used to express the compressive constitutive relationship and the whole process of non-autoclaved and non-sintered fly-ash perforated brick masonry in compression was described. The curve was close to the measured data.

Research Review of Coal Mining on the Coal Village

China is a country with rich coal, coal mining plays an important role in our country's energy security. But at the same time, in support of national progress of energy industry and national economic development, coal mining has caused a lot of damage to the ecological environment and social issues. The exploitation of underground resources not only leaded to the ground the destruction of arable land, but also damaged the ground coal mining under village buildings seriously. This leaded to the farmers of the coal mining under villages lost their survival, caused the contradiction between human and land and the contradiction of the cadres and the masses, causing a group petition and a series of incidents, directly affect sustainable development of the mining area. So according to the particularity of coal mining under villages, in this paper, systematic summary and analysis research of coal mining under village on recent literature ,have very important theoretical significance and social value.

Analysis Importance of Developing Energy Saving Residential Building of Towns and Villages in Severe Cold Regions of Jilin Province

In this paper, through the analyzing the present situation of residential building of towns and villages in severe cold region of Jilin Province, it put forward that the existing problems of residential building of towns and villages, combined with the special climatic characteristics of Jilin Province located in the severe cold region, the importance of actively applying energy-saving measures is pointed out in the construction of residential building design, providing theoretical support for the development of the construction of energy saving residential building of towns and villages in severe cold region.

EVALUATION OF LIVONIAN VILLAGE LANDSCAPES IN LATVIA / LATVIJOS LIVONIJOS KAIMŲ KRAŠTOVAIZDŽIO VERTINIMAS

Latvian landscape identity is related to many territories, but as far as the coastal landscapes are concerned, they have some special features. It is important to note that due to storms and coastal erosion living conditions here are frustrating. However the coastal area has some positive magnetism, which is often related to unusual natural conditions, a special aura and unique feelings, because the coastal area is unique on the Latvian scale. One of such places is the Livonian coast. For detailed evaluation of eleven Livonian villages, the method of analysis of the existing situation has been chosen, which also includes the evaluation of the village yard, buildings and infrastructure. The quality and condition evaluation method for rural villages with low level of development by F. G. L. Gremliza (1965) has been also applied as a basis for this evaluation method. Then, according to the results obtained, the villages have been compared and classified. In addition to this, using the evaluation of each rural yard it is possible to mark valuable structures and typical rural yards in the schematic model of the Livonian coast. Santrauka Latvijos kraštovaizdžio identitetas siejasi su daugeliu teritorijų, visgi labiausiai – su pajūrio kraštu. Būtina pabrėžti, kad dėl audrų ir kranto erozijos gyvenimo sąlygos yra apsunkintos. Tačiau pajūrio kraštas turi pozityvios traukos, siejamos su neįprastomis gamtinėmis sąlygomis, ypatinga aura ir unikaliais pojūčiais, ir tampa išskirtiniu Latvijoje. Viena iš tokių vietų – Livonijos pajūris. Vienuolika Livonijos kaimų yra detaliai įvertinti taikant esamos situacijos analizės metodą, pagrindinį dėmesį skiriant kaimo sodybų pastatų, kiemų ir infrastruktūros tyrimui. Šio vertinimo metodo pagrindas yra menkai išvystytų kaimų kokybės ir sąlygų vertinimo metodas, sukurtas F. G. L. Gremliza (1965). Kaimai yra lyginami ir klasifikuojami pagal gautus rezultatus. Taip pat pagal kiekvienos sodybos vertinimą galima išskirti vertingus ir tipinius elementus Livonijos pajūrio schematiškame modelyje

Impact of Flood on a Simple Masonry Building

AbstractIn this paper, the impact action of a flood on rural mountain buildings is systematically studied. First, based on the one-dimensional Saint-Venant water equation explicit-difference scheme, a new explicit-difference scheme is deduced to establish the evolutionary routing model of a flood. A computational formula about the impact loading of the flood model is deduced. Secondly, an impact experiment of a flood on buildings is carried out in a large wave-current tank. The heights of the water are 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 m, and the distances between the building and floodgate are 3, 6, and 9 m, respectively. The model scale of the buildings is 1:6, and three buildings with different ratios of holes are designed to simulate the buildings in countries and villages. Based on the experimental results, the effects of the heights of the water, the distances between buildings and floodgates, and the ratios of holes on the impacting pressure are investigated. The numerical results are compared with the experimenta...

The Influence from Water Supply System to the Overall Layout of the Residential Building in Village

Water is a basic resource for the development of human civilization, its the lifeblood of agriculture and the whole economic development. With the development of economy, the improvement of production and living needs, all aspects of water resources is more strict requirements are put forward. In this paper, we will discuss the aspects of the construction of water supply system to discuss effects on rural residential construction layout.

Panchayats and Building of Model Villages, 2013

Panchayats and Building of Model Villages, 2013

Research on the Spatial Construction Strategy of Traditional Settlements for the Tujia Nationality

The River Bend region of Hou’xi town in Chongqing Municipality is one of the Tujia neighborhoods; the spatial construction of the whole village has been made to face a crisis due to lack of basic research on the traditional settlement space and the interests driven in recent years. The reasons for the disorder and lack of the charm of the new settlement space were analyzed, and the construction policies of traditional settlements were combed based on field research from the perspective of Architecture and Landscape Architecture by the methods of combining quantitative and qualitative. The conclusion shows that the village building should respect and protect their traditional styles; the problems what the current village construction face are solved through the integration of the layout of public resources, the improvement of the traffic situation, the construction of the unique style and the transformation of the refinement.

The Ecological Strategies of Residential Buildings in Qinba Mountain Villages

In recent years, a large number of new residential buildings of villages have a large number of problems which is the traditional residential energy consumption, and local environmental pollution. We Urgently need to explore the appropriate strategies about the level of economic development of the local eco-building technologies in Qinba mountain villages. It is want to improve villagers' living standard of living, to make residential buildings comfortable, healthy, energy-saving, and try to find a environmental protection of the local ecological road.

Book Review: ‘Panchayats and Building of Model Villages'

Book Review: ‘Panchayats and Building of Model Villages'

Structural damages of the May 19, 2011, Kütahya–Simav earthquake in Turkey

Reconnaissance observations are presented on the building damage caused by the May 19, 2011, Kutahya–Simav earthquake in Western Turkey as well as an overview of strong ground motion data recorded during the earthquake is given. According to Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency of Turkey, the magnitude of the earthquake is 5.7 in local magnitude scale. Although the earthquake can be regarded as a moderate event when considering its magnitude and strong motion recordings, it caused excessive structural damage to buildings in Simav district and several villages in the near vicinity. During the field investigation, different types of structural damage were observed mainly in the reinforced concrete frame buildings with infill walls and masonry buildings with various types of construction materials. Observed damage resulted from several deficiencies in structural and non-structural components of the buildings. Poor construction materials and workmanship, non-conforming earthquake-resistant design and construction techniques and non-ductile detailing are the main reasons for such an extensive damage, as observed in many past earthquakes in Turkey.

English

Variances in the natural-environmental and artificial factors of the mining industry and of mining production were analyzed to achieve scientifically the ecological restoration of the Lu’an mining land system. The eco-environmental pressure of the evaluation index system was established. Each unit of land system was exposed to a different eco-environmental pressure, which resulted in differences in land eco-function performance. The land system can be categorized into the productive, protective, consumptive, and mixed land types based on eco-environmental performance. The Lu’an mining area was divided into four regions, namely, the uncultivated land consumptive zone (23.33 km2, 4.09%), the wetland and mining subsidence protective zone (109.23 km2, 19.16%), the flatland productive zone (373.89 km2, 65.57%), and the artificial mixed zone (63.76 km2, 11.18%), and a total of eleven eco-function types. The regions’ area ratios were 6.50, 19.16, 8.77, and 65.57%, respectively. Productive and consumptive land was oversized, whereas mixed and protective land was very small, indicating an undesirable land use system. Based on the analysis, an integrated model involving 19 models (e.g, shrub and grassland rehabilitation, steep slope protection, ecological village building model, etc.) was proposed for the development of the local eco-environment based on the eco-function type of mining land. Key words: Mining area, ecological division, eco-function type, eco-environmental pressure, China,

The Influence from Drainage System to the Overall Layout of the Residential Building in Village

This paper studies the relationship of coordinated between the drainage system and the whole layout of residential building in village. According to the requirements in the construction and design of living area, including the characteristics of the drainage system, and probes into the characteristics of the drainage system with the design, construction and operation for the residential building the overall layout in villages. That the reasonable construction overall layout, it can let the drainage facilities have a better work condition and improve it worked in an efficiency way.

Analysis on the Present Condition of Typical Buildings in Urban Villages in Zhengzhou

The safety survey on the urban village buildings in Zhengzhou shows that many reasons have caused the hidden dangers in the safety and reliability of the urban village buildings. Based on our survey data, this paper aims at providing theoretical references for the remolding and reinforcement of the urban village buildings and the future construction of the New Village in China, with an appraisement and an mastery on the safety and reliability of the typical buildings in urban villages in Zhengzhou.

The Architectural Style and Cultural Connotation of <i>Lu</i> Mansions in Kaiping of Guangdong

During late Qing and early Republican Periods, the Guangdong overseas Chinese people living in North America, Australia, New Zealand and Southeastern Asia came back to their hometown areas to invest and build homes for their families. Thousands of Lu mansions, dwellings for locals, were built during that period. There were three purposes for that construction boom, 1) to build a pleasant and home for their families remained home; 2) for the overseas Chinese themselves’ retirement, because they were not allowed to be naturalized as citizens in their adopted countries; 3) to build a place for their own pleasant retirement, as they believed “fallen leaves should return to their roonts”. Given these reasons, Lu mansions were constructed in a different way from local tradition vernacular architecture, in terms of floor plan, facade, techniques, decoration, and even the most sacred worshipping shrine as well. Taking the Lu mansions in Kaiping as case study, the authors attempt to analyze how the socio-cultural aspects affected local people’s living tradition through building village houses for their families.

Research and application of strip mining of village coal pillar at coal field of the north of the Yellow River in Shandong Province

This paper focuses on the village coal pillar under huge thick loose bed and thin bedrock over high prelatic water level at the north of the Yellow River. The strip mining technology was used to protect the village houses. The stratum structure control action of mining subsidence was used to design the mining and pillar width. To further raise resources recovery, we adopted the mutative scheme of mining and pillar width. Observation was carried out while mining. Research shows there is feasibility of the strip mining technology to protecting the village buildings of the village coal pillar under huge thick loose bed and thin bedrock over high prelatic water level at the north of the Yellow River. Finally, subsidence parameters of strip mining were obtained. It is the basic data of the strip mining of the coal field at the north of the Yellow River.

Seismic Performance Evaluation of Village Buildings in Wenzhou

Earthquakes cause severe damage to structures and economic losses recently, based on which investigations are carried out on village buildings in Wenzou. Investigation results show that cavity wall structures are the most widely used by village buildings. So a typical cavity wall structure is selected for analyses in this paper. The typical structure is simulated using Sap2000. The structure was analyzed with and without structural columns and ring beams. Analyses results show that the prototype structure is inadequate to resist earthquake load. Structural columns and ring beams can enhance its seismic performance and provide it adequate seismic performance. So it is necessary to enhance village structures with structural measures.

The Urban Villages Building Envelope Energy-Saving Research in Northwestern Henan

This paper will analysis the energy-saving situation for the urban village building envelope structure such as the wall, windows, roofs and others according the economic conditions and climate characteristics of northwestern Henan province, put forward the suitable designing ideas and measures about the energy-saving for the exterior-protected structure, provide a basic research for the urban village energy-saving designing.

Patterns of residential heat demand in rural Switzerland

Heat demand reduction mitigates the negative consequences of energy use. Recent reduction potential analyses have focused on city or country levels, yet European rural areas also show considerable heat consumption, although they have rarely been investigated. This paper locates the major residential heat consumers in rural areas and identifies the related building types. The case of the rural, pre-alpine Swiss canton (state) of Appenzell Ausserrhoden with 20 municipalities is used for analysis. Its current demand patterns are examined with respect to buildings' construction periods, heating system types and energy carriers. Spatial differences, especially between nucleated (densely settled) villages and dispersed settlements, are observed. Specific final heat demand per heated area and occupant is similar in both settlement types, equalling 0.5 GJ/m2/year and 32 GJ/cap/year. In terms of specific useful heat demand, buildings in nucleated villages consume one-tenth more than in dispersed settlements, and in nucleated villages up to 86% of that heat stems from fossil fuels. Thus, to increase import independence and demand equality, and mitigate climate change, these buildings should be primary targets. The results provide a foundation for creating efficient, evidence-based policy for heat demand reduction in rural municipalities but should be coupled with investigating socio-economic, epistemic and cultural aspects of heat demand. La réduction de la demande de chauffage atténue les conséquences négatives de l'utilisation de l'énergie. Les analyses récentes sur le potentiel de réduction ont surtout porté sur la consommation de chauffage au niveau des villes ou au niveau des pays. Les zones rurales européennes représentent pourtant également une consommation de chauffage considérable, bien qu'elles aient rarement été étudiées. Cet article localise les principaux consommateurs résidentiels de chauffage des zones rurales et identifie les types de bâtiments concernés. Le cas du canton suisse rural préalpin d'Appenzell Rhodes-Extérieures [Appenzell Ausserrhoden], qui comprend 20 municipalités, est utilisé pour l'analyse. Ses schémas actuels en matière de demande sont examinés sous l'angle des périodes de construction, des types de systèmes de chauffage et des vecteurs énergétiques des bâtiments. Des différences spatiales sont observées, en particulier entre les villages à habitat groupé (densément peuplés) et les habitats dispersés. La demande de chauffage spécifique finale par superficie chauffée et par occupant est similaire dans les deux types d'habitat, équivalant à 0,5 GJ/m2/an et à 32 GJ/habitant/an. En termes de demande de chauffage utile spécifique, les bâtiments des villages à habitat groupé consomment un dixième de plus que ceux des habitats dispersés, et dans les villages à habitat groupé jusqu'à 86 % de ce chauffage provient de combustibles fossiles. Par conséquent, pour accroître l'indépendance à l'égard des importations et l'égalité de la demande, et pour atténuer le changement climatique, ces bâtiments devraient être les cibles principales. Les résultats obtenus posent les bases d'une politique efficace, fondée sur des données probantes, de réduction de la demande de chauffage dans les municipalités rurales, mais devraient êtres combinés avec une analyse des aspects socio-économiques, épistémologiques et culturels de la demande de chauffage. parcs bâtis habitats dispersés réduction de la consommation d'énergie des ménages réduction de la demande de chauffage parc de logements zone rurale villages à habitat groupé