Village Building Research Articles

Investigating the bearing performance of the foundation under the combined effects of flood scouring and soaking

Bearing capacity degradation of foundations under the impact of the flood is one of the major reasons responsible for the collapse and damage to the rural buildings, posing a serious threat to the local village societies. Based on a case study of a rural building foundation had been destroyed by flooding. This paper investigated the deterioration process of rural building foundations under the combined effect of dynamic scouring and static soaking caused by flooding. Using the two-dimensional shallow water equation, erosion depth was calculated for different flood velocities. Then, the bearing capacity degradation under the combined scouring-soaking effect was analyzed using the finite element method. Finally, investigating the influence of inflow direction and building group masking on the foundation's bearing capacity. The results indicate that under the combined effect, the bearing capacity of village building foundations decreases by 47.88%, with scouring slightly more impactful than soaking. Inflow angle has minimal effect on bearing performance, while the masking effect of the building group provides better protection for the foundation of rear buildings.

Leadership of Sub-District Head in Efforts to Build Village Independence in Tanah Laut District, Indonesia

This research aims to determine and analyze the leadership of the sub-district head, and the factors that influence it in efforts to build village independence in the economic, social, and cultural fields in Tanah Laut Regency, Indonesia. The research method uses qualitative methods that aim to explore, discover, understand, and analyze in depth the phenomenon of subdistrict head leadership and village independence in the economic, social, and cultural fields in coastal areas and river basins. This research will be carried out in Kurau District, Tanah Laut Regency, which consists of 11 villages. The research results show that the sub-district head's leadership in building village independence in Kurau District, Tanah Laut Regency in the economic sector, there are several steps and strategies implemented, namely: implementing Musrenbangdes, optimizing the use of village funds, developing local economic potential, and expansion agricultural efforts through intensification and extensification.

AN IMPROVED MASK R-CNN: EXTRACTION OF DOOR AND WINDOW INSTANCES ON VILLAGE BUILDING FAÇADE IMAGES

Abstract. Rapid access to the basic structure of village buildings is conducive to the investigation of the load-bearing bodies of village houses and provides data support for disaster assessment and post-disaster rescue and reconstruction. The development of computer vision technology provides new ideas and tools for identifying and extracting basic structures of housing buildings. Considering that the original Mask R-CNN ignores the spatial association and relationship of door and window elements, an advanced deep learning model based on Mask R-CNN network is proposed in this paper to detect and segment the door and window structure from the façade images. The improved network architectures integrate the attention mechanism with the original network, containing an improved Coordinate Attention(CA) module and a relationship module-based head network. The experimental results show that the Average Precision(AP) value of the backbone combined with the improved CA module is increased by 0.7% and 0.7% on regression and segmentation tasks respectively, compared with the original Mask R-CNN network. In the head network based on the relationship module, the calculation strategy of the relational module proposed in this paper increases the AP values of detection and segmentation from 76.7% and 77.7% to 80.6% and 80.0%, respectively.

Bimbingan Teknis Pengembangan dan Peningkatan Kualitas Tata Kelola Desa Wisata di Kawasan Penyangga Maluku Tenggara, Provinsi Maluku

Indonesian tourism is a leading economic sector that is experiencing rapid growth and is the main driving force for the country's foreign exchange earnings, encouraging business development, infrastructure development and employment. The focus of village development at this time made the village the subject of development with the title "Building Village". Technical Guidance for the Development and Improvement of the Quality of Governance of Tourism Villages in Southeast Maluku is one of the collaborative programs with the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy which was carried out as an effort to move the tourism sector involving the community or HR Managers of Tourism Destinations in Southeast Maluku. The technical guidance method with the aim of increasing the governance capacity and competency of tourism villages for village communities in the Southeast Maluku buffer zone is divided into two learning formats, namely theoretical learning and practical learning. The process of mentoring a tourist village displays various tourist potentials and attractions and has active tourism activities.

The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Severity of Chronic Venous Insufficiency in Patients at Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village Building B

BACKGROUND: Chronic venous disease, or chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), is a condition that occurs when the venous valves, particularly in the lower extremities, fail to function properly due to venous obstruction or reflux. CVI is often referred to as a chronic venous disease, with clinical symptoms frequently presenting as varicose veins and often remaining undiagnosed accurately. CVI can occur due to various causes, including congenital, primary, secondary, and idiopathic factors. Body mass index (BMI) is a calculation used to estimate the amount of fat in the body and categorize an individual’s degree of obesity. Obesity is one of the risk factors that can contribute to the development of CVI, as it can lead to increased volume and pressure in the venous blood vessels due to an elevated BMI. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate and understand the relationship between BMI and the severity of CVI in patients at Siloam Lippo Village Hospital Building B. METHODOLOGY: This research employed a cross-sectional study design utilizing unpaired categorical comparative analytic study types. The sample was selected using consecutive sampling, with a target sample size of 115 individuals who were patients with CVI at Siloam Lippo Village Hospital Building B. Data were collected through patient interviews during Duplex ultrasound (USG Duplexs) examinations. Subsequently, the data were analyzed using the Chi-square analysis method. RESULTS: The study revealed a significant association between BMI and the severity of CVI (p < 0.001, odds ratio: 6.556, 95% confidence interval: 2.681–16,028). CONCLUSION: The research findings indicate a significant relationship between BMI and the severity of CVI in patients at Siloam Lippo Village Hospital Building B.

Internet of Things for Project-Based Learning in “Vocational High School Building Village Program”

This study aims to map the setup of an Internet of things-based project-based learning model as a learning medium in the VHS program to develop communities at SMK Negeri 2 Kuningan in West Java. The research technique is a qualitative and quantitative approach engaging class X-XII students in the field of software engineering competence at SMK Negeri 2 Kuningan via exploratory and in-depth observations. Gunungmanik Village, Kuningan, West Java Province was the location of the internet of things-based learning initiative being implemented. The analysis strategy employs Aiken's formula, and the success factor is confirmed by a panel of experts using an analysis interactive model approach that includes data collecting, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. According to the finding of the study the internet of things, project-based learning model in the Village Development Vocational School program was classified into three model configurations, namely: 1) Project based learning based on the internet of things as a medium for developing students' vocational skills in completing student work projects by 69%; 2) Project based learning based on the internet of things serves as a learning medium to place theoretical and practical knowledge in the classroom by 73%; 3) Project based learning based on the internet of things as a medium for integrating theoretical-practical learning, collaborative learning solutions to contextual problems providing more autonomy to students in the decision-making process by 74%. The result of this PBL was successful to meet the desired outcomes.

Carbon Emission Composition and Carbon Reduction Potential of Coastal Villages under Low-Carbon Background

Rural buildings have high optimization potential as a major source of carbon emissions. However, the current research on carbon reduction in rural buildings is rough and lacks categorization and geographic studies. Coastal villages are more economically developed than other types of villages and have greater potential for energy saving. Therefore, this study takes the carbon emission data of buildings and life in 409 villages in typical coastal provinces of China as the basis and proposes optimization strategies for carbon reduction in coastal village buildings via cluster analysis and correlation analysis. The results show that the carbon emission characteristics of coastal villages can be categorized into three scenarios: for scenario 1, villages, their population, and village cultivated area are the core influencing factors of carbon emission, while for scenarios 2 and 3, the most central influencing factors are coal and electricity consumption. Therefore, different types of villages should be guided differently when studying carbon sinks and carbon emission projections in coastal villages. This study aims to establish a low-carbon performance quality assessment and optimization pathway for coastal villages, and the analysis of carbon emission influencing factors and the assessment and optimization provide theoretical support and quantitative methods for the optimization of carbon reduction in villages.

Problems of Building Energy Consumption in Rural Schools in Linzhi, Tibet

The energy-saving research of school buildings in villages and towns in the severe cold areas of Linzhi Township has not yet been widely carried out. The energy consumption of schools in villages and towns in the severe cold areas of Linzhi is generally high, and the heating energy consumption in winter accounts for a large proportion of the energy consumption of school buildings. With the promulgation and implementation of energy-saving design standards for public buildings in schools in large and medium-sized cities, energy-saving activities have been carried out. In the severe cold area of Linzhi, there are a large number of buildings in villages and towns, with primary schools in each village, secondary schools and central primary schools in each township. The total energy consumption of village and town school buildings accounts for the majority of the total energy consumption of village and town public buildings. From this, it can be seen that studying the characteristics of village and town school buildings in the severe cold area of Linzhi and researching energy-saving design strategies suitable for their own characteristics based on the characteristics of village and town school buildings in the severe cold area are of great significance for the promotion and application of clean energy in schools in the Linzhi area.

The Last Remains of the Archaic Block House Tradition in Karachay (Central Caucasus)

This paper explores disappearing vernacular architecture in the Karachay region (Karachay-Cherkessk Republic, Russian Federation). Recent research at the University of West Bohemia in cooperation with Karachay-Cherkessk University focused on the last preserved examples of block buildings in the mountain villages of Greater Karachay in the central Caucasus. Such buildings mostly disappeared in the late twentieth century due to both the Stalinist deportation of the Karachay people and modern development. Dendrochronological evidence has helped to date the surviving vernacular buildings to the late eighteenth to early twentieth centuries. Interviews with local inhabitants revealed the cultural context of the traditional housing and attitudes towards it. Possibilities for tracing cultural links and elucidating the historical context of this neglected building culture are also discussed.

Analisis Prestasi Terma Penghadang Suria Luaran Sedia Ada di Kampung Admiralty, Singapura

External Solar shadings have long been designed as an integral part of a building’s facade for functional, aesthetic and privacy reasons. From a functional aspect, it is used to reduce heat and glare, thus helping to improve the thermal as well as lighting quality of the building. In a tropical climate, the yearlong sun radiation, especially those facing the eastern and western building facades with large glazed surfaces may show severe thermal and glare discomfort issues. This paper analyses the impact of the existing shading system of the vertical and horizontal fins and green facades of The Admiralty Village building in Singapore. A thermal imaging camera was used to detect thermal readings from all of the facade’s shading systems. From the result comparison, each facade of the building requires a different shading treatment due to the different sunlight angles. The south facade is best shaded with horizontal shading. East and west facades require shading that blocks sunlight entering at low angles. The north facade can be left unshaded. Green walls with highly dense vegetation perform more effectively than thermal insulation in reducing the cooling load of the building. This study further convinced the need for solar shading devices, especially in the southern facades of tropical countries.

Comparison and simulation-based analysis of the sound field of Dong drum tower buildings

Drum towers are the most prominent cultural markers and the major site for cultural ceremonies in Dong villages. The visibility and audibility of drum towers are important factors influencing the location and construction of buildings in Dong villages. In this paper, the authors map and classify 21 drum tower buildings according to three characteristics: shape of the plan, elevation of the enclosure, and aspect ratio of the longitudinal section. Having used the sound field simulation software Odeon to filter two of the three characteristics that were identical, the authors simulated drum towers with different values of the third characteristic to study the factors influencing their sound field. The correlation between the construction of the drum tower and its characteristics of sound was established, and the characteristics of the sound field as well as their adaptability were assessed by comparing different forms of drum towers. This can provide technical support for the protection and repair of drum towers, their renovation and upgrade, and the construction of new drum towers in the Dong region.

A Heuristic Approach for Resolving Spatial Conflicts of Buildings in Urban Villages

Building displacement is a common operation to resolve the spatial conflicts between map features, and it has important theoretical value and practical application significance for multi-scale mapping. The prerequisite for a successful displacement operation is that there is extra space around the conflicting buildings into which they can be displaced. Otherwise, additional generalization operators need to be combined to resolve spatial conflicts. Based on this idea, this study proposes a new heuristic spatial conflict resolution framework that mainly resolves the spatial conflicts between buildings and other features in urban villages by combining three cartographic generalization operators: selection, displacement, and aggregation. This method first reduces the density of buildings in the block through selection operation, then resolves the spatial conflicts between buildings and other features through displacement operation, and finally, the aggregation operation is performed to eliminate any remaining conflicts and newly generated conflicts. Experiments were carried out using real urban village data, and visual inspection and quantitative analysis were used to evaluate the experimental results. The evaluation results show that the proposed framework can not only resolve spatial conflicts well, but also maintain the spatial distribution and area balance of the buildings in urban villages.

Policy Implementation of the Village Building Movement in West Java Province

One of the priorities of the West Java Provincial Government is the Village Development Movement (Village Gate). Gates of the Village is a movement to create an independent village, namely a village that is able to build and empower village communities by optimizing the utilization of all village potential, both natural resources, human resources and village infrastructure, through collaboration between the government, community and other stakeholders. The portrait of the implementation of the village development movement policy has not been effective in supporting the achievement of the target of a champion village in West Java Province, this is still found in the Dominant Poor Population in the Village, more Unemployment in the Village, 18 Villages Still lagging behind in Cianjur, Karawang and Tasikmalaya Regencies and only 50 percent villages implementing the Village Financial System. This study uses Muchlis Hamdi's theory (2014) with qualitative methods to understand the depth of the problem. This theory does not merely stand alone, it is also compared with other theories as a complement. Data collection methods were carried out through literature studies, field studies (observations), interviews, focus group discussions, and triangulation data analysis. Informants and resource persons were selected based on their competence on issues related to this research issue. All of the instruments used are expected to be able to get good results. This study found that in addition to the dimensions of productivity, linearity and efficiency of the policy implementation model based on Muchlis Hamdi's theory, a strategy is needed to encourage policy substance, implementing task behavior, network interaction, target group participation, and resources in implementing village development movement policies in the Province West Java. The strategy for implementing the village development movement policy includes elements of collaboration, transparency and innovation. The findings of this study illustrate that in order to create a champion village through the strategy of implementing the village building movement in West Java Province, a Triangel Coltin strategy (collaboration, transparency and innovation) is needed, where the collaboration strategy is carried out using the pentahelix approach by involving academia, the business world, community, government and media . The transfer strategy is to provide education to the community (educate citizen), consult with the community (Delibaretion Partner Community) and always monitor the implemented policies (Monitor Polcies).

A boundary optimization model of instance segmentation combined with wavelet transform on Buildings

Data driven deep learning methods have become the mainstream method of building extraction from remote sensing images. In this paper, deep learning algorithm is used to classify and extract buildings from remote sensing images of rural areas around the Great Wall in the suburbs of Beijing captured by unmanned aerial vehicles. Aiming at the shortcomings of the current mainstream instance segmentation algorithm Mask R-CNN in feature fusion and poor prediction of instance mask boundaries, this paper proposes a boundary optimization algorithm for building instance segmentation based on discrete wavelet transform. Firstly, the discrete wavelet transform is introduced into the segmentation task branch of Mask R-CNN algorithm to extract the low-frequency and high-frequency information of the real mask, in which the high-frequency information includes the boundary information. Secondly, the pixel by pixel prediction of the mask turns into the learning of the low-frequency and high-frequency information of the real mask. The learning of the high-frequency information helps the segmentation network to learn the boundary features better. Finally, using the reversibility of discrete wavelet transform, the low-frequency and high-frequency information of the learned mask is inversely transformed to reconstruct the final mask. The improved algorithm is evaluated on the dataset COCO, and applied to the automatic extraction of buildings. The DWT Mask R-CNN algorithm model achieved 70.2% segmentation accuracy and 71.4% detection accuracy, which were improved by 1% and 0.7% respectively compared with the Mask R-CNN and Cascade Mask R-CNN models. The experimental results show that the instance segmentation edge optimization algorithm combined with wavelet transform has achieved better results on the segmentation boundary, improved the poor effect of mask edge detection and achieved higher detection accuracy, and can accurately extract village buildings.

Retracted: The Protection and Restoration of Ancient Buildings in Guanzhong Traditional Villages Based on the Improved Priority Algorithm

Retracted: The Protection and Restoration of Ancient Buildings in Guanzhong Traditional Villages Based on the Improved Priority Algorithm

Village Funds Policy and its Impact on Improvement and Autonomy Status of Villages in Indonesia

”End poverty in all its forms everywhere” is the ultimate goal and crucial element of the world’s SDGs 2030 transformative agendas, as well as in Indonesia. The COVID-19 pandemic has hindered Indonesia from achieving its SDGs targets and reducing poverty, including rural poverty. The village funds policy sourced from the state budget is one of the policies that aims to alleviate rural poverty; thus, there will be a reduction of disadvantageous villages and an enhancement of self-sustained villages in Indonesia. This study aims to investigate the impact of village funds on the improvement and autonomy status of villages in Indonesia. It utilizes a quantitative method, namely linear regression of panel data using the Village Building Index (VBI) as the dependent variable and village funds as the independent variable over 2018-2021 in each regency/city in Indonesia. The result suggests that the village fund policy, through the 10% allocation of the state budget, has a positive and significant effect on changes in the improvement and autonomy status of the villages in Indonesia. The finding using the model (lin-log) tells us that a 1% increase in village funds will raise the VBI by 0.0013. This indicates that the village funds policy has contributed to the achievement of rural poverty alleviation goals, or it could be a pro-poor policy in order to achieve the purpose of the 1st SDGs goal.
 Keywords: SDGs, poverty, village funds policy, improvement and autonomy status of villages

The Chinese new middle class and their production of an ‘authentic’ rural landscape in China’s gentrified villages

Landscape change has long been a key characteristic of gentrification research. While much of this research has examined the intention of the middle class to consume authenticity and the consequent landscape changes in gentrified neighborhoods in the Global North, much less attention has been given to contexts in the developing world. This paper addresses this gap by discussing an empirical case of the rural landscape produced by Rural Tourism Makers (RTMs) – a group of new middle class– in China. This research is based on participant observation and twenty-three interviews with RTMs running Minsu guesthouses, a type of tourist accommodation involving the skilled renovation of existing village buildings. To illustrate the empirical nuances, the research draws insights from two perspectives on landscape, namely the symbolic landscape and the lived landscape, to show how RTMs have produced a new rural landscape of local and global characteristics and to examine the authenticity of these landscapes. In so doing, the research enriches our knowledge of gentrification in a non-Western context by analyzing a gentrified rural landscape in the Chinese context, produced by the emerging Chinese new middle class and their westernized consumption preferences. Meanwhile, the authenticity of this new rural landscape, which is based on RTMs’ expectations and imagination, strengthens the constructionist view of authenticity in gentrification studies.

Spatial characteristics of defensive traditional architecture in multiethnic village of Guangxi: Case studies of Mozhuang Village and Guxietun Village

Defensive traditional architecture research is critical to the understanding of the ethnic history and multiethnic villages. Currently, there are few studies on the combination of traditional architecture and multiethnicity, and most of the defensive traditional buildings in multiethnic villages of Guangxi are facing the plight of being destroyed and abandoned. The aim of this research is to identify the spatial characteristics, commonalities, and differences of Guangxi's defensive traditional architecture with Mozhuang Village and Guxietun Village as the examples, in order to preserve the architectural and ethnic components of these villages. This research uses the four research methods: literature review, field research, observation and space syntax analysis, and it summarizes the three results from the five aspects: plan, elevation, construction material, masonry and decoration. Results showed that the spatial characteristics are dominated by the ethnic group with the higher technological, cultural or economic level, and there are both commonalities and differences in defensive traditional architecture in multiethnic villages. Based on the three study results, this research proposes some overall suggestions toward traditional villages and architecture improvement in ethnic areas.

KEBIJAKAN MERDEKA BELAJAR KAMPUS MERDEKA PADA PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA DAN SASTRA INDONESIA UNIVERSITAS FLORES

This study discusses the Independent Learning Policy of the Independent Campus at the Indonesian Language and Literature Education study program at the University of Flores. Respondent data was obtained as a whole (Sample Saturated) from the number of students of the Indonesian Language and Literature Education study program at the University of Flores as many as 117 people, using qualitative descriptive research methods. The results showed that the understanding of Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program students only knew a little about the Independent Campus Independent Learning Policy (MBKM) of 66.96 percent with 59.05 percent of information sources obtained from online/offline socialization activities organized by the Ministry of Education and Culture. Learning activities outside of the study program that are most dominantly chosen by Indonesian Language and Literature Education students are Village Building or Thematic Real Work Lectures (KKNT) and Student Exchanges of 38.10 percent, and students who declare readiness to participate in the Independent Learning Campus Policy (MBKM) by 90.48 percent. The survey results also show that students feel that MBKM activities in developing competence/skills as a provision for work after graduation are 88.57 percent. Students also feel interested in the MBKM program held by the Directorate General of Higher Education, Research, and Technology 94.29 percent and recommend programs at 94.24 percent. The impact of this research shows that students become more flexible towards the lecture process, experience with the community and provision for work after graduating from college.

Traditional Village Building Extraction Based on Improved Mask R-CNN: A Case Study of Beijing, China

As an essential material carrier of cultural heritage, the accurate identification and effective monitoring of buildings in traditional Chinese villages are of great significance to the sustainable development of villages. However, along with rapid urbanization in recent years, many towns have experienced problems such as private construction, hollowing out, and land abuse, destroying the traditional appearance of villages. This study combines deep learning technology and UAV remote sensing to propose a high-precision extraction method for conventional village architecture. Firstly, this study constructs the first sample database of traditional village architecture based on UAV remote sensing orthophotos of eight representative villages in Beijing, combined with fine classification; secondly, in the face of the diversity and complexity of the built environment in traditional villages, we use the Mask R-CNN instance segmentation model as the basis and Path Aggregate Feature Pyramid Network (PAFPN) and Atlas Space Pyramid Pool (ASPP) as the main strategies to enhance the backbone model for multi-scale feature extraction and fusion, using data increment and migration learning as auxiliary means to overcome the shortage of labeled data. The results showed that some categories could achieve more than 91% accuracy, with average precision, recall, F1-score, and Intersection over Union (IoU) values reaching 71.3% (+7.8%), 81.9% (+4.6%), 75.7% (+6.0%), and 69.4% (+8.5%), respectively. The application practice in Hexi village shows that the method has good generalization ability and robustness, and has good application prospects for future traditional village conservation.