Village Autonomy Research Articles

Rural politics in transitional China: Urban–rural disparity, national integration, and grassroots democracy

This essay reviews three books by Xu Yong that examine three critical historical processes of political transformation in rural China: the politicization of society due to urban–rural disparity, the government’s efforts to encourage political integration in rural areas, and the development of rural grassroots democracy. Urban–rural disparity has been a structural characteristic of China’s politicized society since the establishment of the monarchy. The analysis of this inequality focuses on uncovering grassroots society (as opposed to Chinese society’s upper echelons) and examining its evolutionary logic. Since 1949, China has faced the historical task of building a modern state. The government aggressively entered the countryside through large-scale political mobilization and social integration with the Chinese Communist Party as the driving force. The goal was to create a strongly integrated communist nation. Since the 1980s, the Chinese countryside has not only experienced economic liberalization but also received an opportunity for political democratization through the creation and practice of village autonomy. Self-government in autonomous villages has provided Chinese peasants with a wide range of democratic rights. In addition, calls for transformation and promotion of the democratic paradigm have increased. Xu’s three books effectively present many critical aspects of China’s rural political transformations. However, questions remain concerning the consistency of the theory and the accuracy of the analysis, which leaves room for further research and discussion.

Legal Study on Village Government Authority in Village Assets Management

This study aims to analyze legals on village government authority in village assets management. The study was conducted at Tateli and Kanonang village, Minahasa Regency by legal research. The Empirical Legal Research method was used directly on informants in Minahasa Regency. The study finds that: (1) The authority of the village government in managing assets as a source of original village income is opaque. (2) The village decentralization system has not yet reached financial decentralization. (3) Village autonomy and autonomy of financial sector remains difficult to realize in Indonesia.

Starting Leaps of Change from the Village:

Village autonomy carries along a demand for villages to become self-reliant through optimization of village development that is based on local values and resources. This paper aims at exploring village development within the framework of the Saemaul Undong movement in South Korea. This paper conducts a qualitative approach, and data are collected through in-depth interviews with some key persons related to Saemaul Undong. By conducting Saemaul Undong, the village development movement in South Korea covered three important aspects: improving environmental quality, increasing income, and improving the villagers' mentality. Those three aspects became the main values in transforming rural areas of South Korea to have a better life by optimizing their resources. Freedom in deciding the village program even there was also a national development policy is one of the key success factors of the Saemaul Undong movement. The success of the implementation of the Movement spread to other countries in order to adopt the strategies and model from its country of origin.

The Improvement Approach and Evolution Logic of China's Villager Autonomy System—Content Analysis Based on 184 Policy Texts

Based on the content analysis of 184 villager autonomy system policy texts, using the ROST and NVivo software, through keyword screening, construction of analysis dimension, policy text encoding, and statistics of code coverage, the evolution logic of China's villager autonomy system from 1987 to 2017 was examined from four "democracies" and levels dimensions. The results show that in the 30 years of the development of the villager autonomy system in China, the attention on democratic management has declined, and that on democratic supervision has increased. Local departments have paid more attention to democratic elections than national departments, which has led to deviation of policy implementation.

PELAKSANAAN KEWENANGAN PEMERINTAHAN TERHADAP OTONOMI DESA DI DESA CARAWALI KECAMATAN WATANG PULU KABUPATEN SIDENRENG RAPPANG

Abstract
 
 This study aims to determine the implementation of government authority over village autonomy in the village Carawali District of Watang Pulu District of Sidenreng Rappang and to find out how much the exercise of government authority over village autonomy in the village of Carawali District of Watang Pulu District of Sidenreng Rappang the population in the this study is the entire population registered as comunities in Carawali village District of Watang Pulu totaing 2,207 people. The sampling techniques uses the slovin formula with the results of 96 respondents, tekan based on a random sampling technique that is a random sample of the eutire population of the communty. Data collection techniques used i this study were observation, interviews, questionnaires, and library studies. The collected data is then used by means of dat analysis, using frequency table and litert scales.The resolts of this study show the implementation of government authorty in the village Carawali District of Watng Pulu District of Sidenreng Rappang that 70% of 100% of the oxpected results, whisch is classified as good. As for the factors that influence the exrase of authority influnced by the absence of implmentation of the devision of goverment authority in the village Carawali District of Watang Pulu District of Sidenreng Rappang is 71% of 100% of the expected results which are in the good category.
 Keywords: Authority, Village Government, and Village Autonomy

PELAKSANAAN KEWENANGAN PEMERINTAHAN TERHADAP OTONOMI DESA DI DESA CARAWALI KECAMATAN WATANG PULU KABUPATEN SIDENRENG RAPPANG

Abstract
 
 This study aims to determine the implementation of government authority over village autonomy in the village Carawali District of Watang Pulu District of Sidenreng Rappang and to find out how much the exercise of government authority over village autonomy in the village of Carawali District of Watang Pulu District of Sidenreng Rappang the population in the this study is the entire population registered as comunities in Carawali village District of Watang Pulu totaing 2,207 people. The sampling techniques uses the slovin formula with the results of 96 respondents, tekan based on a random sampling technique that is a random sample of the eutire population of the communty. Data collection techniques used i this study were observation, interviews, questionnaires, and library studies. The collected data is then used by means of dat analysis, using frequency table and litert scales.The resolts of this study show the implementation of government authorty in the village Carawali District of Watng Pulu District of Sidenreng Rappang that 70% of 100% of the oxpected results, whisch is classified as good. As for the factors that influence the exrase of authority influnced by the absence of implmentation of the devision of goverment authority in the village Carawali District of Watang Pulu District of Sidenreng Rappang is 71% of 100% of the expected results which are in the good category.
 Keywords: Authority, Village Government, and Village Autonomy

Kapasitas Bisnis Pemerintah Desa dalam Perspektif Business-Government Relationship Pasca Implementasi Otonomi Desa di Indonesia (Kasus di Kabupaten Banyumas)

The Indonesian Governments policies after the implementation of village autonomy are directed to villages business development. Village governments duties and functions are not only related to administrative matters anymore, but also in operation of villages business. This shows that there is a developing business commitment in Indonesia. The research result shows that the Business-Government Relationship in Indonesia has changed from one way to mutual interaction, as shown with the development of Public Sector Entrepreneurship and business commitment in village government environment. Both factors evidently improve the capacity of business, which begins to be developed by the Indonesian Government at all levels. The development of Public Sector Entrepreneurship is shown with the business creativity, business cooperation, and professionalism of village government in governments business management. Meanwhile, local governments business commitment is shown with support of policies, funding and human resources in governments business management. Governments business capacity is shown with efficiency, effectiveness and economy (value for money) achieved by governments business unit. In Indonesia, particularly in Banyumas Regency, village autonomy has given opportunity for the development of Business-Government Relationship at local level.

Problematika Hukum dalam Pengelolaan Dana Desa berdasarkan Perspektif Otonomi Desa di Lampung (Studi Desa Paku Negara Kabupaten Pesisir Barat)

The birth of village autonomy has made the village more independent in taking care of the household in the village. With the promulgation of Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, the Domestic Metric Regulation Number 20 of 2018 concerning Village Financial Management makes village governments have their own autonomous bodies to manage village finances. Roles and responsibilities received by villages have not been matched with adequate Human Resources (HR) in terms of both quantity and quality. Even though the funds owned by a village are very large, but if they are not properly regulated in their planning and users, it will result in these funds being wasted or unable to provide maximum results in the use of these village funds. At present Indonesia Corruption Watch (ICW) many Village Officers, especially the Village Head, are affected by Hand Tagging Operations (OTT) by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK). The problem that will be discussed in this study is how the legal problems in the preparation of the Village Budget (APBDes) for village development and what are the inhibiting factors in implementing the APBDes preparation. The method used is normative legal research and empirical legal research. The results showed that, the legal problems in the preparation of APBDes went through 3 (three) stages, namely the preparation, evaluation and determination stages. However, in the preparation stage of the APBDes preparation process, it did not directly involve the community as stipulated in the legislation related to village financial management. the inhibiting factors of the Village apparatus and Village Association Institutions lack understanding of the Village Law and its implementing regulations, weak planning ability.

Evaluation of Village Autonomy in Indonesia (An Analysis Study of Village Autonomy in Pekarungan Village, Sukodono Sub-District, Sidoarjo District)

At the beginning of the reform era in Indonesia brings changes to the structure of the Government System in the regions, especially villages. This condition is marked by the transition from a change of the new order era with a centralized regime towards a reform era, a new and more open regime with decentralization. The wind of reform is carried over to the latest regulation (Law No.6 of 2014). This law seeks to restore village autonomy based on its origins and customs as a process of restoring state confidence in the village. On the other hand, to fulfill its political promise, the provision of village funds as a source of village income that aims to make the village independent shows that this law is still the same with the previous one, that in the village there is still supra village power. Village funds make all forms of implementation and management of village finances must be used in accordance with the village financial system. The existence of this system makes the village authority no longer in accordance with the principles of village autonomy, that village autonomy is in accordance with its origins and customs. Giving village autonomy with financial management through the Village Financial System (SISKEU) is felt that the portion of creativity and space for the village is limited. This triggers a lack of courage of the village officials to take the initiatives in making policies for a better village development. This situation is experienced by all villages in Indonesia, such as Pekarungan Village. This study uses a qualitative research method. The key informant is a Former Head of Pekarungan Village for 2 consecutive periods (1991-2006). He understands very well the changes in the laws governing the village. The result of the research shows that based on the principles of Kartohadikusumo's autonomy, autonomy can be implemented if there are inherent rights in the village, namely: "(1) the right to own territory with legal boundaries; (2) the right to elect and appoint the head or assembly of the village administration; (3) the right to administer and govern the village households; (4) the right to own and manage village assets and finance; (5) the rights to own village land; (6) the right to collect local taxes. Without the inherent rights mentioned above, autonomy is difficult to be implemented ".Based on the effectiveness of success in achieving the goals set and the relationship between the expected results and the results achieved, there are some rights that are not exercised as they should. In connection with village rights in Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, (1) the village regulates and manages community interests based on the origin, customs, social, and cultural values of the village community; (2) the village determines and manages its institution; and (3) the village receives sources of income, including village funds. All sources of village income, such as the Village Cash and village financial management, must be based on the village SISKEU as determined by the government bureaucracy. Keywords: Evaluation, Village Autonomy DOI: 10.7176/PPAR/10-6-08 Publication date: June 30th 2020

Persepsi Wisatawan Asing Terhadap Daya Tarik Pariwisata Di Wilayah Perbatasan Indonesia-Malaysia

This study aims to determine the perception of foreign tourists on vacation in IndonesiaMalaysia border region. The acceleration of development in border region is followed by the strategic steps in increasing the tourists through the management of the use of natural resources and human resources as a reflection of the frontline of the Republic of Indonesia. With the attraction of tourism can open investment opportunities, job vacancy for the poor local residents, open isolation with improved infrastructure. With Law No. 6 of 2014 regarding to the Village Autonomy in handling and managing existing natural resources and the development of village-owned enterprises as an effort to increase the community income and to handling the community services problems in the Malaysian border region as well as being a regional innovation within the framework of autonomy area. The results of the study using a qualitative approach as the main approach and quantitative approach as a supporter can be concluded that the results of the cross tabulation analysis test informants' perceptions that the distortion of tourism in the border region attracts foreign tourists with natural potential that can be used as a source of regional income. In-depth interview results show that the potential of border natural resources is exploited and tourism investment opportunities are opened by integrating the cultural, economic and environmental sectors by prioritizing the principle of inter-sectoral integration and village independence by optimizing the villages in the border region.Keywords: Perception, Tourism, Attraction, Border Areas

Implementasi Kebijakan Pemerintah Tentang Prioritas Penggunaan Dana Desa di Desa Talaga Paca Dan Wangongira, Kabupaten Halmahera Utara

This study aims to determine how the implementation of government policies regarding the priority of the use of village funds for community empowerment and village development activities in the villages of Telaga Paca and Wangongira, North Halmahera district. This study use descriptive qualitative approach. Source of data used in this study uses primary and secondary data. And the results of the study can be concluded that what is mandated by the law is not in line with what is the reality in the field, whether it is development activities and community empowerment, because the village has village autonomy so that each village has the right to regulate and manage its own household according to the needs of the village

What Determines Village Autonomy in Indonesia? A Case of Villages in Sleman Regency

This study aims to examine the influence of community participation and the competence of village apparatus on village fund management and village autonomy. The role of the village fund management as an intervening variable was also tested. This study was conducted in the regional government in the Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia. The samples were selected based on the cluster random sampling technique i.e. 30 villages in Sleman Regency. The survey was undertaken from September 2018 to January 2019. The respondents consisted of village heads, village secretaries, and village treasurers. To test the hypothesis, a multiple linear regression approach was applied. The results demonstrate that the community participation directly affects the village fund management and it has an indirect influence on the village autonomy through the village fund management as the intervening variable. Meanwhile, the competence of village government officials only directly affects the management of village funds.

Otonomi Desa Dan Efektifitas Efisiensi Tata Kelola Dana Desa di Kabupaten Sidoarjo

Financial management is included in the village's autonomous rights. The current program given by the government is the provision of village funds. Providingvillage fund programs to finance implementation of development, and empoweringvillage communities. The results of the analysis show that village financial managementin Sidoarjo Regency is in accordance with the provisions stipulated by the centralgovernment referring to Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs number 113 of2014, where in the budgeting process through funding procedures, the implementationof fund disbursement, administration, accountability reporting and publication . Indetermining the priority of the use of funds in accordance with the provisions of theVillage Minister Regulation Number 21 of 2015 and guided by the Village RKP andRPJM, where in the preparation of the Village RKP and RPJM involves all elements ofgovernment, BPD and the community in general. The constraints faced are the problemof using village funds for activities that do not appear in the account code of thesiskeudes, as well as getting around the priority of village development activities thatcome out of the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation number 113 of 2014. Keyword: village autonomy, efficiency effectiveness, village funds

Village authority and position in realizing village autonomy

Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, clarifies the position of one of the integral parts of the country that is specifically regulated in view of its cultural uniqueness. Village autonomy is no longer a part of regional autonomy given to villages, but the granting of inheritance rights inherent in villages as part of inherited rights. The position of the village is no longer under and in the regional government; rather, it is domiciled in regencies or cities, Article 5 and Article 4 of Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, outlining the purpose of the process referred to as village regulation. Research Objectives To Determine the Authority and Position of the Village in Realizing Village Autonomy. This research is a normative legal research method. Normative legal research is research conducted by reviewing the laws and regulations that apply or apply to a particular legal problem. The authority assigned by the Government, the Provincial Regional Government, or Regency/City Regional Government, village authority becomes an autonomous village of local self-government. Constitutionally, the village is an indigenous governing organization (a self-governing community), not a formal government organization that carries out administrative functions of the state (local state government). Village authority is based on the principle of recognition and subsidiarity, not on the principle of decentralization. Thus the position of the village must be emphasized first in the constitutional structure through the constitution, then followed by the transfer of authority to the village along with the allocation of funds directly from the state budget.

Aplicationof E-Government Manajemen System in Improving Village Capacity Service to The Community to Support Industrial Revolution 4.0

In the face of the industrial revolution 4.0, the village government needs to review the governance system in facing the digital era to increase the capacity of the village government to the community. Today information systems are very easy to reach by utilizing technology as a means of providing services to the community. The main thing is to provide maximum service and make it easier for the community to fulfill their daily needs. Increasing the capacity of human resources in the village government in managing government systems needs to be improved and adjusted to the development of the times in line with the era of village autonomy in accordance with Undang-undang number 06 of 2014 concerning villages. Weak capacity of human resources in managing technology-based information systems is considered to be a major factor in the failure of the village government to provide services that lead to poor development in the village. This study used qualitative research methods. The unit of analysis of this research is the government of Sukamukti Village, Cikijing District, Majalengka Regency. This research was conducted for 3 years (in 2017, 2018, 2019). Based on the research findings in the last four months in the first year of the study, Sukamukti Village government showed good performance in the administration of village governance in the era of village autonomy. The village government is able to carry out village development planning, village administration, and village financial management properly. However, the human resources of the village government face a quite serious problem, namely the lack of village officials who are able to create a technology-based village government management system. For this reason, the research team conducted a FGD to design an e-government based government system as a means of village government in organizing an effective and efficient governance system. Furthermore, as the main suggestion in this study submitted to the village government is to design regulations that govern technology-based public service systems. The regulation contains one of them is to get people used to the internet to get various information relating to village government services.

THE EFFICIENY OF VILLAGE GOVERNMENT SPENDING IN INDONESIA: A META-FRONTIER ANALYSIS

Introduction: This study aims to measure the efficiency of village government spending and examine the effects of village transfers (Dana Desa) and institution properties on its efficiency. Background Problems: The village law has endowed extra grants to village governments which question the village preparedness to adequately handle large increases in funding. Novelty: While previous studies address the misappropriation in spending within the municipal dimension, this study explores the spending efficiency of the autonomous sub-municipal government and explains the impacts of both lump-sum grants and bureaucracy factors on spending efficiency. Research Methods: This study analyzes the Indonesian 2014 village government dataset using the meta-cost frontier in order to measure village spending efficiency, then probes the causal impacts of endowed fiscal transfers and bureaucracy factors on the obtained efficiency. Findings/Results: The results suggest that granting direct transfers would exacerbate spending inefficiencies of autonomous villages. Administrative factors such as a large bureaucracy and a lack of bureaucratic capacity within the body of village governments, positively affect spending inefficiencies. Conclusion: The result of this research reflects that there are needs to evaluate village governance policy for increasing spending efficiencies, specifically focusing on the adequacy of village institutions handling village transfers.

ANALYSIS OF M-P-F-A-A-C (Meaning – Positioning – Functioning – Authorizing – Actuating - Controlling) ON THE VILLAGE GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT (Law Making Philosophically of Law Number 6 of 2014 On Villages)

<em>The issue of the article is "What are the implications of village institutional governance for village governance institutional governance?". The legis ratio of Law Number 6 of 2014 states in Article 18 B paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, while the subject matters prescribed includes two main material types of different villages. This study uses a normative legal research method with a prescriptive conceptual approach and statute approach. The theoretical basis used is the rule of law, the theory of legislation, the concept of local government,;the concept of authority, and the concept of M-P-F-A-A-C. The results showed that the village government regulated by Law Number 6 of 2014 is not an autonomous village but an independent village, not a customary law community unit and not a formal government. While the implications for governance in the Meaning aspect, happened to shift in the meaning of village government institutions from time to time; in the Positioning, the institutional status of village government as state-corporatism is a deviation in the administrative logic of local government; in the Functioning, the imposition of technocratic local government institutional function work is unrealistic to the institutional function of a self-governing community; in the Authorizing, authority over the principle of Recognition and Subsidiarity that is apparent from the government is outside the principle of decentralization; in the Actuating, the work apparatus of the village is not solid yet, showing poor regulation which also technocratic in Government Regulation Number 43 of 2014 Jo. Government Regulation Number 47 of 2015; in the Controlling, construction of checks & balances carried out by Village Council (BPD) are still ineffective due to weak apparatus competence and low community participation in the policy making process. In conclusion, Law Number 6 of 2014 has a 'contra-productive' implication for village governance institutional governance, therefore Law Number 6 of 2014 needs to be reformulated</em>

PENGARUH ALOKASI DANA DESA ( ADD ) TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DESA AIR HANGAT KECAMATAN AIR HANGAT TIMUR KABUPATEN KERINCI

Village funds allocation is a form of village right fulfillment to organize village autonomy in order to grow and develope to follow the village growth it self base on the diversity, partipatory, pure autonomy, democracy and empowerment of society. One of reasons why the village funds allocation (ADD) was needed and ADD wisedom in same line with regional autonomy note when the village placed as base of decentralize ADD wisedom realy relevant with perspective that placed the village as base of participation. formulation problem in this research is there any influences ADD to the society welfare in Air Hangat village at Air Hangat Timur district Kerinci regency and how far the influences, this research had done in air hangat timur kerinci regency. The population in this research were 312 KK and samples used 31 KK. This a quantitative research which used the numbering during the data collection, data overnmenton, and data presentation. The result of this research were there positive significant influences between village funds allocation to the society welfare of Air Hangat village Air Hangat Timur district Kerinci regency. The influences of village funds allocation (ADD) to the society welfare was 15,3%. As writer suggestion to the village overnment Air Hangat to more attention about overnment activities of monitoring and overnment to the ADD implementation in order to the ADD right targeted, then the village overnment Air Hangat also more attention of educational degrees and health services of society in order to the education or healt services will accessed easily by whole society elements.

The state-led tourism development in Beijing's ecologically fragile periphery: Peasants' response and challenges

A top-down rural sustainable strategy via rural tourism has been recently advocated as a feasible and appropriate option to engage Chinese peasants of scenic mountainous areas to revitalize the local economy. The northern and western hilly Beijing being protected from urban expansion has turned out to be an ideal choice for its proximity to a potentially large middle-class clientele. We explore theoretically and empirically the contradictory unity between local peasants’ entrepreneurial undertakings (decentralized competition) and top-down tourism development plan (monopolistic centralization) in a mixed-governing “common-pool resource” (CPR) situation in local rural tourism in China. This paper contributes towards a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of local land use regulations on rural tourism development and the conflict-resolution in benefit sharing negotiations between local communities with public authorities and mega tourism project developers in the land expropriation and heritage conservation process. Supported by field surveys, two cases of tourism business are analyzed using the argument on CPRs and multilateral monopoly relating to access and rights of use of collectively owned rural land, and how this monopolistic power has been established in rural tourism development. Our study highlights the importance of the village autonomy in deploying their contestation and bargaining power in safeguarding their land rights and sustaining a vast ecological system and rural tourism commons, while accepting tourism as their newly established livelihood.

Strategi Pemberdayaan Desa Adat dengan Pembentukan Forum Komunikasi antar Desa Adat

Traditional village is a traditional institution that serves as a forum for the villagers to perform various spiritual, cultural, social and economic, in order to achieve tranquility and prosperity of life born inner. The indigenous village autonomy manifests itself in the administration of the government, which can apply in and out, and shoulder to shoulder with the village office in carrying out the development. In this era of globalization, indigenous villages experience internal and external challenges that may interfere with their sustainability. With the establishment of communication forums between custom villages, it is expected that traditional villages will exist, resilient and empowered in facing these challenges.