Vila De Research Articles

Understanding the Abandonment of Aquaculturists: A Case in the Amazon (North of Brazil)

Despite the huge potential of aquaculture in the Amazon, several producers have abandoned the activity due to a lack of assistance, technology, and innovation. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify factors that have contributed to the withdrawal of aquaculturists from the municipality of ‘Vigia de Nazaré’, state of Pará (Northern Region of Brazil). This case study took place in 2022 through a quanti-qualitative survey, applying structured questionnaires to former aquaculturists. A total of 30 fish farms were investigated, with 11 of them being abandoned. They are distributed across 10 rural communities that have developed fish farming, with ‘Vila de Itapuá’ (18.2%) being the most representative. When active, fish farming was practiced by men (100%) aged between 51 to 60 years (54.5%) with an incomplete primary education (100%), who carried out the activity for an average of 5 years (81.8%), quitting fish farming between the years 2019 and 2020 (72.7%). All former aquaculturists owned small properties, with excavated ponds in an extensive system and used family labor. The absence of technical assistance and the high cost of feed were pointed out as the main problems in the production chain. It is worth noting that the monoculture of Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) accounted for 63.6% of the species produced in rural communities. In conclusion, former aquaculturists express the desire to return to fish farming due to its socio-economic importance. For this, government actions supporting technical assistance and advanced studies in fish nutrition by educational, research, and extension institutions are necessary.

Language choice and identity in the linguistic landscape of Barcelona

ABSTRACT The present research examines the linguistic landscape (LL) of two demographically distinct neighborhoods in Barcelona: Vila de Gràcia and El Barri Gòtic. The aim of this study is to analyze how language choice among Catalan, Castilian, and English indexes collective and individual aspects of identity in written messages on public walls. All transgressive artifacts in both communities were documented, and the language(s) and theme of each message were systematically coded. A qualitative content analysis complemented this quantitative coding scheme. While the Catalan-dominant Vila de Gràcia had a significantly higher representation of Catalan in its LL, the thematic repertoire of Catalan artifacts between the two neighborhoods was largely similar. Castilian and English artifacts showed thematic representation patterns that were distinct from Catalan, but parallel to each other. Language-theme relationships in the data indicate that Catalan is more prevalent in messages pertaining to society or community, whereas Castilian and English are preferred for intimate themes of a sentimental or rebellious nature. The LL data shed light on the evolution of language ideologies in the tense socio-political climate of Barcelona in the years following Catalonia's controversial 2017 independence referendum.

:Hunde in der römischen Antike: Rassen/Typen - Zucht - Haltung und Verwendung

:<i>Hunde in der römischen Antike: Rassen/Typen - Zucht - Haltung und Verwendung</i>

THE 'TRILHA DOS HOLANDESES' LOCATED BETWEEN THE PATHS OF THE ITAMARACÁ ISLAND (PE): ARCHEOLOGY AND FLUVIAL-MARITIME LANDSCAPE

This article analyzes the ‘Trilha dos Holandeses’, a tourist route on the North Coast of Pernambuco, based on mechanisms available in Landscape Archeology. The approach contributes to the debate on the occupation and appropriation of the insular space, life dynamics and relationship between local social agents and the environment that surrounds them, on the Island of Itamaracá, where the trail is located. The Island was an important place in the Brazilian colonial scene in the first decades of the 16th Century, where urban centers, fortifications and specific port logistics were established. The tourist route currently known as the ‘Trilha dos Holandeses’ refers to the route by the sea that connected Vila de Nossa Senhora da Conceição to Forte Orange. The Trail is used today by fishermen and natives of Itamaracá to articulate the places of interest between the Santa Cruz Channel and the oceanic face of the Island. Considering the historical relevance of the route and its preserved environment, the trail also attracts tourists visiting Itamaracá. In our proposal, the ‘Trilha dos Holandeses’ was approached from the perspective of the fluvial-maritime Cultural Landscape, which adds to Landscape studies the variant of wetlands as central elements in archaeological interpretation.

The social construction of touristification. Residents’ perspectives on mobilities and moorings

One of the last decade’s major challenges faced by tourist cities has been dominated by the increasing tourism flows that have harmed the quality of life of residents, the neighbourhood’s sense of belonging, and the stakeholders’ concerns regarding reliance on tourism. However, tourism mobilities are not the only drivers of structural change in cities. The advent of temporary residents, digital nomads, international students, short-stay expats, and creative workers have shaped the way cities have evolved together with tourism mobilities. This paper will present research conducted in the Vila de Gràcia neighbourhood in Barcelona, which has undergone a thoughtful transformation in terms of tourism-oriented businesses specialisation, housing market prices, sociodemographic changes, the use of public space and nightlife leisure. Gradually, the Vila de Gràcia neighbourhood has become an emblematic area of leisure and tourism consumption experience in Barcelona. Based on ethnographic fieldwork begun in 2017 and in-depth semi-structured interviews with lifelong and new residents, the research analyses residents’ attitude toward touristification processes related to social discontent, nightlife noise, the rise in housing market prices and overcrowding.

O emprego de estruturas de aço como uma contribuição para a solução do problema de saneamento básico da primeira cidade brasileira

The city of São Vicente is officially considered the first Brazilian city, having been founded by Martim Afonso de Sousa, on January 22, 1532, by order of the King of Portugal, Dom João III, representing a milestone for the colonization of Brazil and the starting point of the Bandeirantes (explorers) who tamed the “sertões” (backlands). On January 22, 1502, after the arrival of the Portuguese expedition commanded by Gaspar de Lemos to Brazil, the site was named, even with the opposition of the local natives, as vila de São Vicente in honor of São Vicente de Zaragoza (in Castilian: San Vicente Mártir), one of Portugal’s patron saints [1].

Food for the soul and food for the body. Studying dietary patterns and funerary meals in the Western Roman Empire: An anthropological and archaeozoological approach.

Ancient written sources show that Roman funerary rituals were relevant along the entire Roman Republic and Empire, as they ensured the protection of deities and the memory of the deceased. Part of these rituals consisted of funerary offerings and banquets that were held on the day of the burial, in festivities and other stipulated days. The faunal remains recovered inside the graves and around them are evidence of these rituals. Therefore, their study can allow us to know if the funerary meals and rituals developed in the Roman necropolis were special and implied food that differed from everyday dietary habits, according to the importance of these rituals. To test this, we analysed the archaeozoological and anthropological material from the necropolis of Vila de Madrid (Barcelona, Catalonia), which was in use between the first half of the 2nd century AD and mid 3rd century AD. The archaeozoological analysis of the faunal remains recovered in the necropolis and inside the graves, as well as carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios results on bone collagen from 50 faunal specimens and 41 humans, suggest that, overall, funerary meals in Vila de Madrid necropolis did not imply different food than that consumed during life. Regarding age, sex, offerings and diet, some differences are observed, suggesting that inequalities present in life could have been also present in the funerary rituals.

The distinguished surgeon Francisco Antônio de Sampaio and the plants of "his country" (vila de Cachoeira, Brazil, late eighteenth century).

Francisco Antônio de Sampaio worked as a surgeon for over two decades in Cachoeira, in the captaincy of Bahia, Brazil. In this village, he produced writings on natural history, which he sent to the Lisbon Academy of Science, although he had no specific training in this area. This article analyzes his scientific output and healing practices, especially the uses and descriptions of local plants and his relationships with different agents, such as the "local commoners" and the naturalist and magistrate Joaquim de Amorim e Castro. His production of knowledge is interpreted here both from the perspective of the construction of scientific authority and through his interactions with local and metropolitan agents.

Occurrence of tick-borne pathogens in dogs in a coastal region of the state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil.

The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of tick-borne pathogens (Ehrlichia canis, Babesia vogeli, Hepatozoon spp. and Rickettsia spp.) in dogs in Vila de Jericoacoara, coastal region of Ceará, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 153 animals and analyzed using molecular and serological methods. Sixty animals were found to be infected or exposed to at least one of the pathogens studied. Babesia vogeli was the most prevalent pathogen (15%), followed by E. canis (13.7%) and Hepatozoon spp. (11.8%), which was identified as Hepatozoon canis through sequencing. Twenty dogs (13%) were seroreactive to Rickettsia spp. Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato was observed on 11.8% of the animals. There were associations between age (< 3 years old) and positivity for B. vogeli, and between habitation (stray dogs) and positivity for H. canis. There were also associations between anemia and infection with H. canis, and between leukopenia and exposure to Rickettsia spp. No association was detected between clinical alterations and infection with or exposure to the pathogens studied. The results confirmed that pathogens of veterinary importance are circulating in northeastern Brazil and showed that dogs are exposed to Rickettsia species with zoonotic potential, thus indicating a need for vector control measures.

Atmospheric Trends of CO and CH4 from Extreme Wildfires in Portugal Using Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Level-2 Data

Large forest fires have repeatedly affected Europe, in particular the Mediterranean countries. It is now crucial to continue the effort to feed the several layers of prediction models and understand how wildfire spreads in order to develop modern preventative and mitigation methods. The present study evaluates the performance of Sentinel 5-P TROPOMI for the monitoring of carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH4) during extreme fire events in Portugal, focusing on the Monchique (2018) and Vila de Rei/Mação (2019) wildfires, which devastated 27,154 ha and 9249 ha, respectively. The spatial distribution and trend of CO and CH4 prior to, during, and following the fire event were accessed and linked with in situ data in a qualitative and quantitative exploration. Large CO plumes were observed with CO columns exceeding 4.5 × 1018 and 6 × 1018 molecules/cm2 on 21 July 2019, and 7 August 2018, respectively. CO distribution profiles after consecutive digital processing steps showed the ability to follow CO fluctuations according to the fire spread. Furthermore, statistically significant differences were found between CO emissions inside and outside the burning area in both fire events. Finally, the CO2 estimated through CO column data presented an emission of 7.6 × 1019 molecules/cm2 for the uppermost emission day on 7 August 2018. Although CH4 monitoring is still unwavering to draw exact conclusions, the CO patterns during extreme fire events show promising and consistent data when compared with in situ data.

Vocalizations of Scinax dolloi (Anura, Hylidae) at Its Type Locality Vila de Maringá, Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Including Bioacoustic Comparisons with Morphologically Similar Species

This study presents the description of the advertisement call and a second call type of Scinax dolloi, recorded at its type locality, Vila de Maringá, Itatiaia, in the State of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. The advertisement call consists of a multi-pulsed note showing upward modulation in the initial pulses. The second call type is usually emitted between advertisement call notes and consists of a modified version of the advertisement call with juxtaposition of the pulses that form the note in its structure. The advertisement call pulse rate, number of pulses and note duration best differentiate Scinax dolloi, S. hayii, and S. perereca. Despite some overlap in the spectral components (frequency range and dominant frequency), the three species present significantly different means.

O morrer e o germinar: óbitos numa vila em formação no sertão da Bahia, 1891-1913

The article explores the civil and parish death records and analyses the circumstances of the formation of the district of Beija-Flor, which came to be called Bela Flor in 1895, which gave rise to the vila de Guanambi, in the backland of Bahia. In addition to the causes of death, it investigates aspects related to socioeconomic status, lack of medical care, illiteracy, local politics, gender, and ethnicity. It checks the extent of the district, identifying 71 places of death. The high occurrence of maternal deaths, neonatal tetanus, tuberculosis, and infections in general, including epidemic outbreaks in 1892 and 1896, as well as the high number of deaths of people under 50, reflect the precarious health conditions experienced between 1891 and 1913.

Updated geochronology and isotope geochemistry of the Vila de Cruces Ophiolite: a case study of a peri-Gondwanan back-arc ophiolite

Abstract In the Variscan Orogen, the NW Iberian Massif exposes a variety of ophiolites formed at c. 500 and c. 400 Ma that provide constraints on the Paleozoic evolution of the NNW African margin of Gondwana which culminated in the assembly of Pangaea. New U–Pb ages obtained in zircon from one of these ophiolites, the Vila de Cruces Ophiolite, confirm the previous U–Pb age of c. 500 Ma (thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS)) obtained in zircon from a tonalitic orthogneiss. New samples of the same orthogneiss and related gabbros provided ages (laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS)) in the range 498–492 Ma, with the metagabbros being the youngest. Moreover, two different gabbro samples contain a scattered population of inherited zircon grains with an average age of c. 1150 Ma. These zircons probably represent xenolitic material included in the gabbros during their ascent and intrusion along the margin of Gondwana. Taking into account the architecture of the Vila de Cruces Ophiolite and its geochemical composition, this ophiolite is interpreted as a section of oceanic or transitional lithosphere formed in a back-arc basin opened in the peri-Gondwanan realm. The presence of inherited Mesoproterozoic zircons is likely to suggest the existence of a hidden unexposed Mesoproterozoic basement in the Gondwana margin during Paleozoic times.

100 myr cycles of oceanic lithosphere generation in peri-Gondwana: Neoproterozoic–Devonian ophiolites from the NW African–Iberian margin of Gondwana and the Variscan Orogen

Abstract The Variscan Orogen in Iberia and the Anti-Atlas Mountains in Morocco contains a set of ophiolites formed between Neoproterozoic and Devonian times, during the complex evolution of the NW African–Iberian margin of Gondwana. During this time interval, the margin evolved from an active margin ( c. 750–500 Ma: the Reguibat–Avalonian–Cadomian arc) to the final collision with Laurussia in Devonian times to form Pangaea. In this context, one of the oldest recognized ophiolites is the Bou Azzer Ophiolite from the Anti-Atlas Mountains, dated at c. 697 Ma and containing two types of mafic rocks, the youngest of which has a boninitic composition. To the north, in the SW Iberian Massif, the Calzadilla Ophiolite contains mafic rocks also of boninitic composition dated at c. 598 Ma. Farther north, in the NW Iberian Massif, the Vila de Cruces Ophiolite is formed by a thick sequence of mafic rocks with an arc tholeiitic composition and minor alternations of tonalitic orthogneisses dated at c. 497 Ma. In the same region, the Bazar Ophiolite has a similar age of c. 495 Ma. Also in NW Iberia, there is a group of ophiolites with varied lithologies and dominant mafic rocks with arc tholeiitic composition (Careón, Purrido and Moeche ophiolites) dated at c. 395 Ma. The composition of all these peri-Gondwanan ophiolites is of supra-subduction zone type, showing no evidence of preserved mid-ocean ridge basalt type oceanic lithosphere. Consequently, these ophiolites were generated in the peri-Gondwanan realm during the opening of forearc or back-arc basins. Forearc oceanic lithosphere was promptly obducted or accreted to the volcanic arc, but the oceanic or transitional lithosphere generated in back-arc settings was preserved until the assembly of Pangaea. Based on the ages of the described ophiolites, the peri-Gondwanan realm has been a domain where the generation of oceanic or transitional lithosphere seems to have occurred at intervals of c. 100 myr. These regularly spaced time intervals may indicate cyclic events of mantle upwelling in the peri-Gondwanan mid-ocean ridges, with associated higher subduction rates at the peri-Gondwanan trenches and concomitant higher rates of partial melting in the mantle wedges involved. The origin of the apparent cyclicity for mantle upwelling in the peri-Gondwanan ocean ridges is unclear, but it could have possibly been related to episodic deep mantle convection. Cycles of more active deep mantle convection can explain episodic mantle upwelling, the transition from low- to fast-spreading type mid-ocean ridges and, finally, the dynamic context for the episodic generation of new supra-subduction zone type oceanic peri-Gondwanan lithosphere.

Socioeconomic profile of cassava flour producers: a study on Vila de Igarapé-Açu, Capitão Poço, Pará, Brazil

Socioeconomic profile of cassava flour producers: a study on Vila de Igarapé-Açu, Capitão Poço, Pará, Brazil

O ENSINO DA GEOGRAFIA COMO REAFIRMAÇÃO DE IDENTIDADES QUILOMBOLAS NA COMUNIDADE DE ARAQUEMBAUA – BAIÃO –PARÁ

The present research work whose general objective is to investigate or the content and methodology that has been used in the Geography classes of the 6th grade classes, with an emphasis on quilombola issues, having as objectives: during the classes; to understand if there are relations between the teaching of geography and the descent of the Araquembaua community. As for the methodology, it was based on a bibliographical and documentary survey of several works by authors that address geographic themes and concepts related to quilombola communities in the Lower Tocantins, fieldwork at school, with general studies, data collection on the work of include a school with a photographic record in order to characterize the physical and pedagogical space using a questionnaire application with objective questions, aimed at 54 students. Regarding the results, the percentage of students with the largest number of students does not come with geographic knowledge, with respect to quilombola issues, despite being a descendant community of quilombolas, a population of Vila de Araquembaua that does not identify as such, and this it distances the student from this reality.

Geospatial analysis applied to seroepidemiological survey of canine leishmaniosis in east-central Portugal

Despite the high prevalence of canine Leishmania infantum infection in Portugal, significant differences associated with different risk factors can be found between geographically contiguous areas. In this study, a geographical area within the central region of Portugal (municipalities of Proença-a-Nova, Mação and Vila de Rei) was investigated. An epidemiological survey involved the analysis by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serum samples collected during the anti-rabies vaccination campaign from 282 dogs. Geospatial analysis showed the distribution of geospatial prevalence of leishmaniosis and has delimited two areas (clusters) with a statistically significant higher risk of seropositivity in dogs (p = 0.003 and p = 0.027, for clusters 1 and 2, respectively). The highest seroprevalence (56.0%; CI: 41.2–70.0) was found in Vila de Rei. Five land occupation types showed a possible influence on the geographic distribution of seropositivity, with statistically significant differences between seropositive and seronegative dogs. Land occupied by temporary irrigated crops (p = 0.026), olive groves (p = 0.013), complex cultural systems and parcelling (p = 0.021), open forests, logging and new plantations (p = 0.043) and watercourses (p = 0.012) influenced the geographical distribution of canine Leishmania infection. Seropositive dogs had a greater average area of occupied land (i.e. open forests, logging and new plantations) than the seronegative ones (3.1439 km2 versus 2.5650 km2, respectively; p = 0.043).

Turismo e Ilheidade: um olhar para crianças residentes da vila de encantadas, na Ilha do Mel (Paranaguá - PR)

Este estudo buscou o olhar de crianças ilhéus sobre as práticas turísticas na região onde vivem, contribuindo para a reflexão sobre a humanização do turismo, conhecendo o cotidiano, a cultura e os sentimentos de ilheidade a partir da perspectiva de crianças residentes, desvelando como elas se relacionam com o turismo em seu lugar-território. A abordagem utilizada foi etnográfica, realizada a partir de observações in loco, de questionários e entrevistas aplicados a estudantes do 5º ano de uma escola pública da Vila de Encantadas, na Ilha do Mel e de entrevista com a professora responsável pela referida turma. Os resultados apontaram que as crianças pesquisadas tinham sensível conhecimento sobre o lugar onde viviam, possuíam identidade ilhéu e observavam o turismo como benéfico para os moradores locais; porém, sentiam os impactos em seu cotidiano e no ambiente natural que os cercavam. Já a professora, entendia que a atividade turística não influenciava as crianças e não alterava seus cotidianos.

Spatial distribution and temporal evolution of leprosy in an area of an old colony in the state of Pará

Objective: To identify the pattern of spatial distribution and temporal evolution of leprosy, taking into account the clinical, demographic and territorial aspects of Vila Santo Antônio do Prata, a municipality considered to be hyperendemic, in the state of Pará from 2003 to 2013. Methods: This is a ecological, observational and retrospective study. The study was the former colony of leprosy, now known as the Vila de Santo Antônio do Prata. Results: High rates of detection of new cases of leprosy were observed with a hyperendemic detection coefficient from 2003 to 2009. The spatial distribution of total cases of leprosy presents a pattern of distribution with several outbreaks, in which the incidence of multibacillary cases. The trend estimates for 2020 has shown that Brazil will maintain the index in slow and gradual reduction, while the state of Pará will continue with high rates of hyperendemicity and the municipality of Igarapé-Açu will surpass the North region. Conclusion: It is suggested that there is an active transmission dynamic in Vila Santo Antônio do Prata area evaluated with the need for constant monitoring of new cases of leprosy.

Estabelecimentos muito úteis nessas montanhas. A produção de mulas no extremo sul do Brasil (c. 1830 - c. 1860)

The aim of this text is to reflect on the importance of mule raising in the region of São Borja Village, located on the west border of the province of Rio Grande de São Pedro in the southernmost end of the Imperial Brazil. The serial analyses of the post-mortem inventories of Vila de São Borja between 1828 and 1858 revealed that this activity was widely spread by the productive network of the region. Even though it did not attain the same economic importance as cattle raising, it represented one of the most practicable strategies in order to diversify the production.