Vijayapura District Research Articles

Growth, instability index and structural change of different crops in Bagalkot and Vijayapura district

Growth, instability index and structural change of different crops in Bagalkot and Vijayapura district

Production and Marketing Problems Faced by Dry Grape Producers of Karnataka

The study was an “ex post-facto” research carried out in Vijayapura district of KarnatakaState during the year 2020-21. Two taluks were purposively selected based on the highestproduction of dry grapes to make a sample size of 200. The collected problems wereanalyzed using Garret’s ranking methodology to develop a quantitative position of eachproblem. The findings showed that dry grape producers faced production and marketingproblems more severely. Among the production problems, heavy investment on inputs,no standard package of practices available from agriculture or horticulture universities andhigh rate of interest were prominent. Similarly, in the case of marketing problems, no localmarket and lack of processing and storage units were ranked at top. There is an immediateneed to improve various marketing practices by developing a strategy in order to overcomethese impediments which will enhance the entrepreneurial access of the dry grape producers.

Soil Suitability for Growing Horticultural Crops in Kanamadi South Sub-Watershed of Karnataka

The suitability of the land resources in the watershed for various crops is necessary to choose the right crop and variety suitable for the area. In carrying out this assessment, the specific land requirements of a crop are compared with the characteristics of land resource mapped in the sub- watershed with this objective investigation was carried to assess land suitability for growing horticultural crops in Kanamadi South sub-watershed of Vijayapura district of Karnataka. The soil survey was conducted using 1:7920 scale, LISS IV satellite imagery. The soils were shallow to deep with clay loam to clay in texture. The soils were low in nitrogen and organic carbon, low to medium in phosphorus and sulphur, medium to high in potassium. Iron, copper, zinc and manganese were sufficient. Land suitability evaluation revealed that soils were moderately suitable for growing fruits such as guava (73.75% TGA), pomegranate (70.73% TGA), sapota (85.65% TGA). In case of flowers, major part of the study area was marginally suitable for crops such asrose (65.26% TGA) and jasmine (91.72% TGA). Around 11.55 per cent of the area was evaluated as unsuitable for growing fruit crops. The consideration of depth and nutrient status of soil in sub-watershed area is ideal to grow the horticultural crops like fruit crops with soil conservation measures to obtain food sustainability and nutrition level of people living the study area.

Investigation on the Severity of Alternaria Blight of Pigeonpea and its Characterisation in Northern Karnataka

Background: The Alternaria blight of pigeonpea is considered as an important foliar disease and poses threat to the pigeonpea cultivation due to change in the climatic condition, cultivation practices and variation in pathogenic character. Though the disease is noticed in an alarming proportion after the post rainy season and causing economic yield, little is known about the severity of disease and its impact on crop production. The current study is aimed to study the disease severity and variability of the pathogen and which would helps us to understand the biology of the pathogen to develop suitable management strategies. Methods: In the field and laboratory investigations during 2015 and 2017, different localities of Northern Karnataka were surveyed. Twenty sampling localities were selected based on geographical situation. In the laboratory, collected diseased samples were isolated and determined morphologically and culturally based on taxonomic and molecular characters. Result: Our investigations revealed the varied disease severity in surveyed districts, Vijayapura district recorded the maximum disease severity with a range of 38.67 to 49.33 and this might be due to variation in pathogenic character, rainfall pattern and climatic conditions and also disease severity varied with varieties indicating the source of resistance. The present study contributed for identification of geographical distribution of the disease and its severity in different varieties and places of Northern Karnataka and their genetic and morphological variations.

Yield gap analysis in kharif sorghum hybrid CSH-16 across 12 districts of north interior Karnataka, India : Yield gap in kharif sorghum hybrid

In North Interior Karnataka (NIK) sorghum is grown during both kharif and rabi seasons and CSH-16 is a nationally released hybrid for kharif season. The yield gap analysis is very essential to quantify the difference between potential yield (i.e., no moisture stress) and actual yield of a given crop cultivar under rainfed conditions so that agronomic adaptations are devised to fill the gap. This plays very important role under rainfed conditions because the yield is often limited by water stress followed by N stress. For this, calibrated and validated DSSAT-CERES was used to run simulations from 1988 to 2018 (31 years) for the kharif sorghum hybrid CSH-16 under potential and rainfed conditions on two predominant soils (black clay and red loamy) across 12 districts of NIK. The results showed that average grain yield for NIK in rainfed condition was 2734 kg/ha, with 2272 kg/ha on black clay soil and 3195 kg/ha on red loamy soil. When crop was grown under potential conditions the yield level improved, on average, by 13.0 % to 3079 kg/ha, with 2630 kg/ha on black clay soil and 3528 kg/ha on red loamy soil, indicating that there is a scope to improve grain yield by providing irrigation at critical stages. Across 12 districts of NIK under current climate (1988-2018) on black clay soils the highest yield gap (76 %) was simulated for Koppal district and the lowest yield gap (0.8 %) simulated for Bidar district. Similarly, on red loamy soils the highest yield gap (25 %) was simulated for Vijayapura district and the lowest yield gap (0.1 %) simulated for Bidar district indicating higher yield gap on black clay soil than on red loamy soil.

Performance Analysis of Krishi Bhagya Scheme in Agro-climatic Zone-3 of Karnataka

India has been predominantly an agricultural country. The progress of India is very much dependent on the development of agriculture. In recent years, effect of climate change seen in the form of long dry spells and heavy rains in rainfed areas causing drought and floods, respectively. However, these vagaries can be overcome by adopting soil conservation measures, changing cropping pattern, rain water harvesting etc., The present study was undertaken ‘to know the utilization pattern of the components by the KBS beneficiaries’ in Bagalkot and Vijayapura districts of Karnataka during 2017-2018 by the ex-post-facto research design with the sample size of 120 beneficiaries. The results revealed that contour bunds were constructed to increase ground water table (6.67 %) and control erosion (5.83 %). The probable reason might be that, majority of them having semi-medium land holdings. So, they are not ready to reduce the area on their productive lands. All the beneficiaries were constructed farm ponds to harvest rain water to provide protective irrigations in critical stages of crops to get good yield, collected water is also used for providing drinking water for humans and animals (77.50 %). All the beneficiaries installed diesel pump set to lift water from farm pond. Diesel pump is available in lower price and is compulsory to get subsidy under this scheme. So, the poor farmers can able to purchase and used for own purpose. Forty per cent of beneficiaries providing irrigations to the crops through sprinkler irrigations once in two weeks. So, that not even a drop is wasted and crop gets the required quantity of water at the right time for better yield. Thirty-five per cent of beneficiaries growing capsicum and tomato (15.00 %) in poly house. This study implies that KBS is facilitating the farming community not only in increasing production and productivity, but also in conserving natural resources to the greater extent. Therefore, the replication of the KBS for the non-beneficiaries is most desired to transform the socio-economic condition of the farming community at large.

Obituary

FigureDr. Mallangouda Shivangouda Biradar was born on June 1, 1955, in a rural farmer family at Ukkali village of Vijayapura District. After pursuing his MBBS and MD in General Medicine from Government Medical College, Bellary, with Gold Medal, he joined District Hospital in Vijayapura and served in a government hospital for 5 years. In 1991, he joined BLDEA's Shri B M Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre and continued to serve in various capacities such as Vice Principal, HOD of Medicine, Principal, and Vice-Chancellor of BLDE Deemed to be university. His passion for teaching students won him many splendid hearts of students who are now spread across the world. He was aptly called walking Harrison as he was discussing molecular level to bedside signs with students during rounds. His style of teaching theory class was commendable, and many staff members were to attend his class along with students. He had a unique style to teach under- and postgraduate students with passion and always laid emphasis on clinical knowledge with differential diagnosis, which made students to understand the subject better. As a teacher, he always used to procure new editions of textbooks as and when released and used to share the knowledge among the students and simultaneously benefit the patients with newer drugs. He was a guide to postgraduate and PhD students. His passion to care his patients was so immense that he had generations of families as his patients. His contribution to academics has won many accolades at the national and international levels. He was organizing chairman for KAPICON 2015. His concept on Bench to Bedside lecture was a superhit at KAPICONs. He was good at time management and administrative skills. The very fact that the BLDE DU campus is secured, peaceful, and productive is because of he being visionary and believed in the teamwork that he managed. He has many National and International Orations, Publications, and Awards to his credit. He is blessed with two daughters. He was serving BLDE DU as vice-chancellor and representing various committees at State and National level till the tragedy hit on an ill-fated day, May 12, 2021, when he breathed last. The departure has created a large vacuum in the society as well as in the university. The students pray that may he be reborn as a medicine teacher. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.

Constraints in Utilization of Market Led Extension Practices by the Farmers

Market led extension is the market orientation of agriculture through extension, with a blend of economics, which aids in reaching the doorsteps of the farming community with the help of appropriate technologies. The present study was conducted with the objective of analyzing the constraints faced by the farmers in utilization of market led extension practices in grape, arecanut and maize crops. Ex-post-facto research design was used for carrying out the study. The study was conducted considering Uttara Kannada district for arecanut, Bagalkot and Vijayapura districts for grapes and Belagavi and Haveri districts for maize. The sample for the study was 240. The Garrett ranking technique was used to rank and analyze the constraints in utilization of market led extension practices as expressed by the farmers. The primary production constraint in all three crops was the higher cost of labour. Existence of numerous middlemen in the value chain was major marketing constraint in grapes, unstable market prices was major marketing constraint in arecanut and inadequate storage facilities which lead to distress sale was major marketing constraint in maize. The significant extension constraint was found to be lack of follow up activities by extension personnel in grapes and maize where as lack of credibility of online channels was significant extension constraint faced by arecanut growers.

A Study on Socio-economic Characteristics of Crop Insured Farmers of Northern Karnataka

The study was conducted in Karnataka State during 2017-18 by using “Ex-post- facto” research design. Belgavi, Dharwad, Haveri and Vijayapura districts were selected purposely based on more number of insured farmers. Further, two taluks from each district and from each taluk three villages (i.e. total 24 villages) were selected randomly. Sample size for the study was 240. The findings of the study revealed that, majority of the farmers (53.33%) belonged to middle age, 35.42% of them had received middle school education, majority of the insured farmers (94.16%) were not participated in any training, 47.08% of the respondents belonged to medium annual income category and 39.58% of the insured farmers borrowed loan less than 49000 rupees. About 56.67% of the insured farmers belonged to medium land holding category, medium farming experience (37.50%), medium annual income category (47.08%), medium level of extension contact (43.75%), medium level of mass media exposure (44.16%), medium scientific orientation (42.08%), medium category of risk orientation (52.50%) and medium category of organizational participation (45.83%). More than fifty % (51.25%) of the insured farmers belonged to high perception level with respect to extent of climate variation followed by medium (29.58%) and low (19.17%).

Knowledge level of beneficiary and non-beneficiary red gram farmers

The research was conducted in Vijayapura district of Karnataka during the year 2019-20 with the sample size of 120 respondents. The findings revealed that, in case of beneficiary farmers about 40.00 per cent of red gram farmers were belonged to high level of knowledge. In case of nonbeneficiary farmers about 38.33 per cent of red gram farmers were belonged to medium level of knowledge. It is clear that, in case of beneficiary farmers about cent (100.00 %) per cent of the respondents had knowledge about improved red gram variety, recommended seed rate, recommended spacing, irrigation frequency, intercultivation, weeding, important pests, pest control, important diseases, harvesting and post-harvesting. In case of non-beneficiary farmers it is revealed that, cent (100.00 %) per cent of the respondents had knowledge about weeding and post-harvesting, 98.33 per cent of the red gram farmers had knowledge about inter cultivation, 90.00 per cent of the red gram farmers had knowledge about time of sowing, 86.67 per cent of the red gram farmers had knowledge about important diseases, 85.00 per cent of the red gram farmers had knowledge about disease control.

Adoption level of recommended practices of red gram by beneficiary and non-beneficiary farmers

The research was conducted in Vijayapura district of Karnataka during the year 2019-20 with the sample size of 120 respondents. The findings revealed that, in case of beneficiary farmers about 41.67 per cent of the red gram farmers were found in high level of adoption category. While, In case of non-beneficiary farmers about 43.34 per cent of the red gram farmers were found in medium level of adoption level category. It is clear that, in case of beneficiary farmers about cent (100.00 %) per cent of the respondents have fully adopted red gram variety, recommended seed rate, intercultivation and weeding. Whereas, 83.33 per cent of the respondents have fully adopted recommended spacing, 76.67 per cent fully adopted pest management, 75.00 per cent fully adopted timely sowing and disease management, 73.33 per cent have fully adopted summer ploughing, 70.00 per cent fully adopted seed treatment, 66.67 per cent have fully adopted recommended dose of fertilizer, 51.67 per cent fully adopted nipping practice. It is clear that, in case of non-beneficiary farmers about cent (100.00 %) per cent of the respondents have fully adopted red gram variety and weeding. Followed by, 90.00 per cent have fully adopted recommended seed rate, 83.34 per cent have fully adopted intercultivation, 71.67 per cent have fully adopted seed treatment and recommended dose of fertilizer application, 70.00 per cent have fully adopted pest management, 68.33 per cent have fully adopted summer ploughing. Further about 56.67 per cent have fully adopted time of sowing, 55.00 per cent have adopted disease management.

Constraints faced by beneficiary and non-beneficiary red gram farmers

The research was conducted in Vijayapura district of Karnataka during the year 2019-20 with the sample size of 120 respondents. The findings revealed that, in case of beneficiary farmers were majority (73.33 %) of the farmers expressed non-availability of labour, followed by lower price of produce at the time of harvesting (68.33 %), storage pest problem (63.33 %) and lack of storage facilities and non-availability of credit in time (61.67 %) as problems faced by them. It was also found that, 58.33 per cent of the farmers expressed non-availability of fertilizers at the peak time as the constraint, followed by lack of transportation facilities (48.33 %), high cost of fertilizers (43.33 %), lack of marketing facilities (41.67 %) and knowledge about use of weedicides (28.33 %). In order of priority in case of nonbeneficiary farmers were majority (71.67 %) of the farmers expressed lack of storage facilities, followed by lower price of produce at the time of harvesting (66.67 %), non-availability of labour and nonavailability of credit in time (61.67 %) and storage pest problem (60.00 %) as problems faced by them. It was also found that, 56.67 per cent of the farmers expressed high cost of fertilizers and lack of transportation facilities, followed by lack of marketing facilities (51.67 %) and knowledge about use of weedicides (40.00 %).

Knowledge and practice survey of biomedical waste management among health care workers in tertiary care hospital of Vijayapura district

Background: Biomedical waste is defined as any solid or liquid waste generated during diagnosis, treatment or immunisation of human beings and animals or during research that may present a threat of infections to humans. The Government of India had launched a law known as “Bio-medical Waste (Management and Handling) law 1998". To assess the knowledge level and status of current practice of biomedical waste management among health care workers of tertiary level teaching hospital.Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted among health care workers like nursing staff, laboratory technicians and class-IV workers (willing to participate). Questionaries’ were asked to test the basic knowledge regarding BMW and current practices related to BMW management.Result: The knowledge level of BMW management among the health workers was around 74% whereas current practice of it among them was around 73%. The knowledge and practice of BMW management was more among nursing staff followed by lab technicians and low among class-IV workers.Conclusion: Despite of training in BMW management the awareness level and current practice of BMW handling appears to be less among class-IV workers who are exposed to it at very frequently and hence are at high risk of getting infections compared to others.

Prevalence & Pattern of Tobacco Use among Adolescents in Vijayapura City, Karnataka – A Cross Sectional Study

Introduction: Tobacco contains the alkaloid nicotine, which is a stimulant, and harmful alkaloids & has addictive properties. Adolescent age group is the period of transition from childhood to adulthood and the habits that usually start in this age group will remain throughout life. GATS-2 highlights, 19% of men, 2% of women and 10.7% of all adults currently smoke tobacco. 29.6% of men, 12.8% of women and 21.4% of all adults currently use smokeless tobacco. Objectives: To find the Prevalence & Pattern of Tobacco use among adolescents in Vijayapura city. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Vijayapura city, which is the headquarter of Vijayapura district of Karnataka state, for 3 months among adolescents(10-19yrs) by using structured proforma, containing socio-demographic profile, details & pattern of tobacco use, money spent on tobacco products & knowledge of side-effects of tobacco use. Results: Among 432 adolescents interviewed, 28% were found using tobacco (smokeless> smoking), Male >females, Literates >illiterates, students >working group. The average money spent on tobacco was Rs.14 for smoking form & Rs.12 for smokeless form of tobacco. Tobacco use was started at the age of 14years. Parental influence to start the use of tobacco by adolescents was observed. Conclusions- The prevalence of tobacco use found among adolescent is around one third of the overall. The young Indians have lot of addictions and distractions, which include tobacco as one of it. It is very necessary to control the tobacco habit & protect the adolescents against the health hazards of tobacco.

Compliance of the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) 2003:A Baseline Survey in Vijayapura District of North Karnataka

Compliance of the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) 2003:A Baseline Survey in Vijayapura District of North Karnataka

Trend of ocular trauma in patients attending Shri B.M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Vijayapura during COVID -19 pandemic

Background: The COVID-19 social distancing measures might have a significant impact on ocular trauma risk which is a major cause of monocular blindness. The pattern of ocular injuries in a region depends upon the activities of the people residing in that area. Despite the major socioeconomic impact, less data is available on the magnitude & risk factors of ocular trauma. Objectives: To study the changing trend of ocular injuries in and around the Vijayapura District before and during the COVID -19 pandemic. Methods: The study was conducted in BLDE Hospital from November 2019-July 2020. Data were analyzed from 24th March 2020 (i.e. the beginning of quarantine measures in Vijayapura District) to July 2020 and confronted with those before the quarantine period (November 2019-24 March 2020). All cases underwent a detailed ocular examination of the anterior and posterior segment with required investigations. Results: In the PRE-COVID study period, there were 47 eye injuries (73.4%); during COVID eye injuries decreased to 17 (26.6%). In both, the study period males were affected more than females. PRE-COVID the proportion of eye injuries was more in adults (34-50 years) however during COVID we see a sharp decline in the age affecting teenage adults (15-34 years). Closed globe injuries were the most common mechanism of injury in the PRE-COVID period (46.8%) trend changed towards injuries involving only ocular adnexa (40%) during the COVID period. Conclusion: There is a drop-in patients seeking emergency eye care COVID-19 pandemic which affected all injuries. Behavioural change during quarantine could be associated with a lower rate of ocular trauma.

Studies on forms and distribution of phosphorus in the different soil series of a sub-watershed in northern dry zone of Karnataka

A study was undertaken during 2018-19 in the soils of Babaleshwar East sub-watershed of Vijayapura district which belongs to Northern dry zone of Karnataka to study the forms of phosphorus and their relationship with soil properties. Thirteen soil series were identified in the study area, one representative soil profile was selected from each soil series and horizon-wise soil samples were analyzed for different fractions of phosphorus. Saloid-P, Fe-P, Al-P, Org-P and available-P decreased with profile depth in all the soil series and were positively and significantly correlated with organic carbon. Reductant soluble-P, occluded -P and Ca-P and total-P did not follow definite trend in most of the soil series. Occluded-P was negatively correlated with free CaCO3, whereas Ca-P and total-P were significantly and positively correlated with free CaCO3. Fe-P, Al-P and reductant soluble -P significantly and negatively correlated with pH and free CaCO3. Among the inorganic phosphorus fraction Ca-P was dominant as the soils are under semi-arid region.

Early Childhood Caries and its Prevalence among the Preschool Children’s Attending the Anganwadi’s at Ukkali Vijayapura District, Karnataka India

Early Childhood Caries and its Prevalence among the Preschool Children’s Attending the Anganwadi’s at Ukkali Vijayapura District, Karnataka India

A Study on Farmers Knowledge about Crop Insurance Schemes in Northern Karnataka

Agriculture production and farm income in India are frequently affected by natural disasters such as droughts, floods, cyclones, storms, landslides and earthquakes. In recent times, mechanisms like contract farming and future trading have been established which are expected to provide some insurance against price fluctuations directly or indirectly. But, agricultural insurance is considered as an important mechanism to address the risk of output and income effectively which is resulting from various natural and manmade events. The study was conducted in Karnataka State during the year 2017-18 by using “Ex-post- facto” research design. Belgavi, Dharwad, Haveri and Vijayapura districts were selected purposely based on more number of insured farmers. Further, two taluks from each district and from each taluk three villages (i.e. total 24 villages) were randomly selected. Sample size for the study was 240. Purposive sampling procedure was used. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression model were applied to analyze the data. The findings of the study revealed that, 44.17 per cent of the insured farmers belonged to low knowledge level followed by medium (37.92%) and high (17.91%) level with respect to Crop Insurance Schemes. The variable ‘credit availed’ had positive and significant relationship at one per cent level of probability. The co-efficient of determination (R2) was 0.427 which indicated that 42.70 per cent of the variation in the knowledge level of insured farmers was together explained by all the independent variables. Thus, concerned officers should conduct awareness programmes from time to time by using different extension teaching methods like trainings, workshops, distribution of pamphlets, road shows, advertisement through television, newspaper, radio, mobile SMS etc to enhance the knowledge level of farmers.

Constraints and Suggestions Expressed by the Farmers in Availing Crop Insurance Schemes in Northern Karnataka

Crop insurance is one of the methods by which farmers can stabilize farm income, investment and guard against disastrous effect of losses due to natural hazards or low market prices. Crop insurance not only stabilizes the farm income but also helps the farmers to initiate production activity after a bad agricultural year. The study was conducted in Karnataka State during 2017-18 by using “Ex-post- facto” research design. Belgavi, Dharwad, Haveri and Vijayapura districts were selected purposely based on more number of insured farmers. Further, two taluks from each district and from each taluk three villages (i.e. total 24 villages) were selected randomly. Sample size for the study was 240. Purposive sampling procedure was used. The data collected from respondents were tabulated and analyzed by using Garrett’s Ranking Technique. The findings of the study revealed that, delay in getting the claim was the prime constraint faced by the insured farmers with a highest Garret Score (GS) of 73.53 and ranked as first (I), followed by inadequate compensation (GS-61.51 and Rank-II) and officials bias in loss assessment (GS-56.42 and Rank-III). With respect to suggestions given by the farmers were, claim should be dispersed before starting of the next season with utmost priority by farmers with a Garret Score of 75.70 and ranked first (I), followed by creation of separate insurance cell at Block / Taluk level (GS-66.40 & Rank-II) and more number of trainings need to be organized on Crop Insurance Scheme (GS-54.91 & Rank-III). The study brought out various constraints faced by the farmers related to Crop Insurance Schemes. Thus, concerned officers should approach the State Government to make sincere efforts to pay the claim before the start of next season and conduct more number of training and awareness programmes. Non-loanee farmers also should be encouraged by simplifying the online registration process and making the ‘Samrakshane Portal’ farmer friendly.