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Бизнес-экосистемы как эффективная форма организации корпоративных взаимодействий

The article discusses the concept and types of ecosystems in economics: knowledge ecosystem, innovation ecosystem, examines their properties and differences, and makes an attempt to systematize the views of various scientists on the nature and essence of economic ecosystems. The emphasis in the study is on industrial business ecosystems from the point of view of organizing effective corporate interaction between participants in their structure.

Constitutional legal understanding: historical, theoretical and sectoral aspects

In the context of the constitutional law of Russia, the problem of interpreting the Constitution has traditionally been reduced to different views on it as a written document with a special political and legal status. In different periods of Russian history, the Constitution was perceived differently, which was reflected in different understandings of the relationship between the Constitution and the state, the Constitution and legislation, the constitution and human rights. One of the important aspects for the interpretation of the constitution was the interaction between the Constitution and constitutionalism, as well as state and constitutional law. Within the framework of this problem, the object is the phenomenon of constitutional legal understanding, considered as a theoretical and praxiological construction that combines scientific views and empirical ideas reflecting the formal and substantive features of the Constitution and constitutional law at different stages of the development of the legal system of Russia. The article explores the problem of legal understanding and law understanding in the domestic legal tradition, the understanding of the Constitution in the context of cyclical politogenesis, as well as the problem of constitutional law understanding in the context of the concept of a «living» Constitution.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE E-COMMERCE MARKET IN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN CHALLENGES

Over the past few decades, the use of e-commerce in business has increased significantly. More and more companies that used to focus exclusively on offline operations are beginning to consider e-commerce as a promising area of strategic development. As a result, studying the state of the e-commerce market in Ukraine, as well as trends and barriers to its development, will allow to develop an understanding of the peculiarities of the functioning and growth of business entities in the context of the Ukrainian online environment. In this regard, it is worth paying special attention to the study of the specifics of the development of the e-commerce market as a strategic recovery of the Ukrainian economy. The subject of the study is the process of development of the Ukrainian e-commerce market in the conditions of war. The purpose is to research and analyse the state of the e-commerce market in Ukraine in the context of growing instability caused by the war, as well as to identify key issues and trends in the development of the e-commerce system in an unstable and changing environment. The questions of this study require the use of a combination of general scientific and modern research methods, among which the most important are the method of system analysis (when studying the approaches and points of view of Ukrainian and Western scientists), economic and statistical analysis (to determine the trends in the development of e-commerce in Ukraine), analysis and synthesis (when studying the types and models of e-commerce), graphic analysis (to visualize a number of theoretical and practical provisions of the article). The article examines the state of the e-commerce market in Ukraine during the war. It finds that until 2022 there was a significant increase in the volume and growth rate of the e-commerce market. With the outbreak of the war, the market experienced a dramatic drop in volume, but from 2023 significant stabilisation processes took place. The importance of further development of the e-commerce market not only during the war, but also to overcome its consequences during the post-war recovery period is determined. Conclusions. Ukrainian e-commerce is experiencing high growth rates. The barriers to entering the online market are relatively low and the benefits of e-commerce for users and entrepreneurs are tangible. However, at the current stage, the Ukrainian e-commerce market has many unresolved issues that hinder its development. If the key issues are effectively addressed, the development of e-commerce in Ukraine will have a future.

Quantifying advances from basic research to applied research in material science

Exploring the connection between basic science and its practical applications is critical to consider the social justification of the substantial governmental investments in science. However, there's a limited understanding of global research patterns and the dynamics of researcher collaboration from a basic-applied perspective because such studies have been mainly focused only on the biomedical field. Here, the main goal is to propose an indicator to quantify the degree of basic-applied research in academic papers. Using the indicator, we uncover how material science has advanced from basic to applied research, based on the international trends of the indicators and the affiliations of the scientists involved. We develop a methodology that indexes levels of advancement from basic research to applied research based on large-scale text data. The continuous scores assigned to each paper are derived from a vector space embedding technical terms from a broad network data. These scores align with experts' views in material science. This methodology enables us to monitor international trends that China has significantly advanced into applied research, as well as Chinese applied scientists increasingly associating with their domestic institutions. As science and technology implication, our methodology extends the boundary of assessing scientific research on its proximity to real-world applications and provides a tangible measure for funding agencies managing to fund or design research environments.

Nadzoriyatu Khalqu al-Insan fi al-Kitab al-Muqoddas: Naqdu ‘ala Nadzariyatu al-Tathowwur li Charles Darwin

This article explores the fundamental differences between these theological and scientific views through analysis of the text of the Bible and Darwin's theory of evolution which aims to explain the definition of human creation and the theory of evolution and analyze the theory using verses in the Bible. To complete this writing, the researcher used the descriptive-critical analysis method to examine and criticize the theory using a naturalist worldview approach to the ideas presented by Darwin. The result is that Charles Darwin's theory of evolution becomes a new paradigm regarding human origins which denies divinity in its creation. Darwin's theory of evolution is a scientific concept which states that living species experience development through the process of natural selection. In the Book of Genesis it explains that humans were created by God, Adam was formed from the dust of the ground and breathed the breath of life into his nose and created Eve from Adam's rib, this shows that humans were created directly by God and are considered special among other creations.

Intercivilizational Dialogue in Central Asia: Views of Russian and Tajik Scientists

The article provides an analysis of the features of the dialogue of civilizations in Central Asia. The region is considered as an intercivilizational hub where Persian, Hellenistic, Babylonian, Chinese, Indian, Mongolian, Arab, and Turkic civilizations interacted and competed. As a result, a special type of culture arose that influences peoples, their national psychology, religion, and linguistic characteristics. Historically, the region was a contact zone of settled agricultural and nomadic civilizations. The impetus for the development of the region was given by its transit potential, in particular the Great Silk Road. The authors believe that at the present stage, dialogue is possible based on an understanding of the historical community of different peoples living in the region, and one’s own civilizational identity, which is based on traditional values. The political culture of the Central Asian countries has developed its own democratic principles, which are not always identical to Western ones. At the present stage, new dialogue platforms are emerging where active intercivilizational dialogue is conducted. Along with the dialogue are Afghanistan, Iran, China, Pakistan.

Understanding the Tourist Gaze in John Urry's Sociological Theory

Tourism as a mass phenomenon began to be actively studied by sociologists in the second half of the 20th century. A special place among the sociological approaches to this phenomenon of the specified historical period is occupied by the concept of tourism by British researcher John Urry, one of the most prominent representatives of modern sociological theory. The scientist considers tourism in the context of social and economic changes taking place in Western societies after the end of World War II: significant economic growth, very high rates of urbanization, increased consumption, improved transport infrastructure, transformation of social attitudes. The main work, which outlines the key provisions of the concept of the tourist gaze, is the publication "The Tourist Gaze". Subsequently, this book has been updated twice, taking into account new social trends, phenomena and processes. The author explores the concept of tourism by J. Urri using general scientific methods of cognition, as well as genetic, comparative historical and other methods that reveal the specifics of the scientist's approach. The author's special contribution to the research of the topic lies in the fact that the theoretical and methodological foundations of John Urry's concept of tourism were identified, its specificity and the evolution of the scientist's views were demonstrated. The article examines the key elements of this theory, reveals its heuristic potential, and highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the British sociologist's research approach. Despite the criticism presented, the approach developed by John Urry, his conceptual apparatus and analytical tools indicate the high importance of his works for modern sociological theory. The concept of the tourist view remains relevant, which is confirmed, in particular, by the presence of followers who continue to make a significant contribution to the expansion and deepening of the theoretical and empirical analysis of tourism, based on the ideas proposed by Urri.

Quantum materials engineering by structured cavity vacuum fluctuations

A paradigm shift in the research of optical cavities is taking place, focusing on the properties of materials inside cavities. The possibility to affect changes of material groundstates with or without actual photon population inside cavities is an avenue that promises a novel view of materials science and provides a new knob to control quantum phenomena in materials. Here, we present three theoretical scenarios where such groundstate quantum phase transitions are predicted by the coupling of the matter to mere vacuum fluctuations of the cavity, as a realizations of cavity materials engineering in the dark.

Трансформация самоубийства: от суицида до эвтаназии

The article is a review of the Alexey Antipov’s book “Suicide and euthanasia: history and modernity”. The review shows how, from the fundamental scientific analysis of the phe­nomenon of suicide outlined in the monograph, the author deduces two main trends: sec­ularization and medicalization. Both imply the further liberalization of society’s attitude towards it. An analysis of the process of suicide medicalization demonstrates how the nat­ural scientific view of it first led to the practice of prevention, and then began to allow medical assistance in ending life. This view has manifested itself in two phenomena: euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. If in the first case, assistance in ending life is carried out by a physician through deliberate intervention, then in the second, the physi­cian only indicates a means of taking life, leaving the suicider the choice to use it inde­pendently. The book shows that both phenomena emerged as an attempt to prevent spon­taneous individual suicide and place it within the framework of rational practice carried out under the supervision of competent persons. But the fact that, due to the legalization of euthanasia in some countries, medicine has become complicit in justifying deaths, fa­tally destroys the focus of medicine itself on protecting the value of life.

Правовая характеристика договора на оказание услуг оперативного управления перевозками порожних вагонов

In this article, the authors provide an analysis of the contractual relationship between the operator under the contract for the management of transportation of empty wagons and operators of rolling stock. The provisions of the current legislation and scientific views on the legal nature of contractual relations for the management of empty wagons are revealed. The conclusion is made about the mixed nature of the relationship: rental relations prevail in combination with service relations. The analysis was carried out on the basis of regulatory documents of JSC "Russian Railways". It is established that the management agreement is an affiliation agreement. It is determined that the relations for managing the transportation of empty wagons represent two groups of interrelated relations: lease — with the managing operator and mutual lease — between the operators of rolling stock. The conclusion is made about the need for the normative establishment of a new legal structure of the contract for the management of empty wagons at the legislative level in the form of a new type of lease agreement complicated by the provision of services.

Kritik Argumen Kosmologis Al-Ghazali terhadap Konsep Penciptaan Alam menurut Stephen Hawking

In the existence of God, the cosmological argument rests on the novelty aspect of nature. Although the big bang theory supports the assumption that nature has a beginning, according to Stephen Hawking, nature can begin independently without God's intervention. The purpose of this research is to show the failure of the concept of the creation of the universe according to Stephen Hawking through Al-Ghazali's cosmological argument. The problem formulations that need to be answered are: (1) what is Stephen Hawking's view on the big bang theory, leading him to conclude that the universe could have been created independently?; and (2) how is the construction of Al-Ghazali's cosmological argument relevant to criticize this view? The approach in this research is a research model on scientific theory. With the material object in the form of the concept of the creation of the universe according to Stephen Hawking which is reviewed through the formal object of Al-Ghazali's cosmological argument. This research results in conclusions. First, Stephen Hawking's view of the big bang theory based on scientific determinism has consequences for deism and atheism. Second, the construction of Al-Ghazali's cosmological argument is relevant based on his criticism of the emanation theory which has identical consequences with Stephen Hawking's scientific determinism view. The critique shows that it is impossible for the universe to be created out of nothing independently, because the creation of the universe at a certain time requires the existence of a principle of determination and the determinant factor also requires a willing personal agent, namely God. Another implication of this argument is that God has absolute power and freedom, both to create the universe or not and to intervene in its course.

Early research on anther-smut disease: A fuller view of science?

The anther-smut host-pathogen system has provided extensive insights into the evolutionary ecology of disease resistance, transmission modes, host shifts, pathogen specialization, and disease evolution in metapopulations. It also has led to unexpected insights into sex ratio distorters, sex chromosome evolution, and transposable elements in fungi. In addition, anther-smut disease played a major role in Linnaeus' germ theory and the correspondence on parasitic castration between Darwin and Becker, one of the first female botanists. Here, we explicitly highlight some of the realities in the process of science, using an unusual autobiographical approach to describe how we came to collaborate on this system in the 1980s. Using perspectives from our different career stages, we present a surprising narrative that could not be deduced from merely reading the published papers. While our work was grounded in previous ecological and evolutionary theory, it was the product as much of empirical failures and intellectual roadblocks, as the result of a progressive scientific method. Our experiences illustrate not only the "human dimension of science" but more importantly show that linear sequences of hypothesis testing do not necessarily lead to new study systems and new ideas. We suggest there is a need to re-evaluate the scientific method in ecology and evolution, especially where the challenge is to engage in a productive dialog between natural history and theory.

METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF FORMING MOTIVATION FOR PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY IN FUTURE TEACHERS

The article substantiates the need to form professional motivation as an important component of the professional training of future teachers; identifies ways to form their professional motivation; analyzes the factors that influence the formation of professional motivation of specialists in the field of education. The essence of the concepts of “motiv” and “motivation” in the general sense and as terms of the professional sphere is considered. The modern views of scientists on motivation are analyzed. The analysis of literary sources made it possible to clarify the essence of key concepts, to reveal the content of methods and techniques for developing the motivational sphere of future geography teachers. The main strategies to stimulate motivation include: building the theoretical logic of the subject, which allows students to navigate the formation of mental actions and feel confident in front of new material. It is important for the teacher to facilitate student participation in learning, making them co-participants rather than executors of his or her will. Motivation can be built by outlining the prospects for learning the topic, defining the goal, and emphasizing the importance of developing skills. Addressing students’ existing learning needs, choosing materials that stimulate interest in new knowledge. Students should understand that the knowledge they acquire is important for achieving a specific goal. Rotating teaching methods and forms to stimulate activity and maintain student motivation. Variety, such as role-playing games, discussions, brainstorming, demonstrations, and project activities, contributes to a positive attitude of the future teacher towards learning the material. Setting realistic requirements for each student. Requirements should be high but achievable so that students do not lose interest in learning.

Fragmentation in One Health policy and practice responses to antimicrobial resistance and the salutary value of collaborative humility

This paper investigates One Health (OH) applied to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to deepen and nuance its conceptual underpinnings and inform effective implementation. We consider how models of OH and AMR wedded to bioscience assumptions of life obscure biosocial complexity and reinforce the misleading assumption that scientific knowledge of AMR is generated outside social systems. With reference to in-depth interviews with medical practitioners, scientists and policy-makers working on AMR in Australia and the UK, we explore accounts of OH action on AMR. We show that the implementation of OH is subject to some fragmentation due to workforce organisation, funding arrangements and the absence of detailed guidance for translating OH into practice. Despite OH aspirations for transdisciplinary cooperation and innovation, human-centrism and somewhat incommensurable professional and scientific views on OH constrain trust in the policy approach and limit effective action. We discuss how, in some settings, OH action on AMR does resemble policy aspirations when emphasis is placed on collaborative humility, a finding that underlines OH’s biosocial character. We argue for the development of more robust biosocial models of OH to guide its application to AMR in real world settings.

LEGAL INSTITUTE OF MOBILIZATION AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: THEORETICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF INTERACTION AND MUTUAL INFLUENCE

Introduction. The article is devoted to the legal aspects of mobilization and social (civic) responsibility, their features and manifestations during the period of martial law. The interrelationship between them and the manifestations of the processes associated with them is also analyzed. In addition, it is emphasized that mobilization and civic responsibility are one of the key components of successful defense of the Motherland. Summary of the main results of the study. Mobilization processes and subsequent military service during martial law are regulated by the legislation of Ukraine, in particular, Constitution of Ukraine, the laws «On military duty and military service», «On mobilization training and mobilization», «On the defense of Ukraine», «On the legal regime of martial law», «On the number of the Armed Forces of Ukraine», the Regulation on the completion of military service by citizens of Ukraine in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, approved by the Decree of the President of Ukraine dated 10.12.2008 № 1153/2008. Approaches to the definition of the concept of «mobilization» from the perspective of legislation and from the point of view of scientists have been analyzed. The definition of the concept of «martial law» and the number of possible numbers in the usual regime and in a special state have been determined. It is noted that the constitutional obligation applies to all citizens of Ukraine, both men and women. At the same time, the percentage ratio of the number of representatives of the female and male sexes is demonstrated with the help of a diagram. The diagram also shows the change in the number of the Armed Forces of Ukraine before and after the full-scale invasion of the russian rederation into the territory of our Motherland. The concept of «civic responsibility», as a form of social responsibility, is defined, which is considered by scientists in different ways, but directly relates to the personality of a citizen. Next, the relationship between civic responsibility and mobilization, how they influence each other, is considered. It was determined that the formation of civic responsibility among representatives of the country's population affects the desire for voluntary military service during the mobilization period, and later – for contractual military service. In addition, the author's opinion regarding the expression of the fact of the formation of civil responsibility of the population during their stay in the rear was presented. Conclusions. Reasoned conclusions based on the presented material about the specifics of the definitions of the concepts «mobilization» and «civic responsibility»; on the specifics of the fulfillment of the constitutional duty to protect the Motherland by the citizens of the country, the total number of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, which increased by 2.7 times during the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine, which is a reason to claim that the citizens of Ukraine have developed civic responsibility and joined the ranks of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations not only as a fulfillment of a constitutional duty. In addition, the author emphasizes that the formation of this type of responsibility consists not only in readiness to protect the Motherland, but also in other aspects, in particular, volunteering, helping and supporting military personnel and their families, participation in events, observance of public order, especially during the wartime period state.

Психология юридического труда: аналитический прогноз для будущих юристов (к вопросу о разработке психологической теории юридической деятельности)

The absence of the concept of “legal work” in modern psychological science leads to a negative tendency to interpret it through the legal norms established in Russian legislation in modern research in the field of legal psychology and economic theory. This fact leads to a fundamental error in obtaining objective scientific knowledge associated with the use of methodological tools not peculiar to this field of scientific knowledge. The research of V.L. Vasiliev, M.I. Enikeev, M.M. Kochenov, A.E. Zhalinsky, Yu.V. Chufarovsky is primarily focused on the study of the professionograms of individual legal specialties, while the fundamental issue of the formation of an approach to the definition of the concept of “legal work” has not yet been resolved. Being multifaceted, the sphere of legal activity often, contrary to the laws of economic theory, does not provide any surplus product, while the regulatory and establishing function of this activity allows us to talk about it as a transitional stage to the introduction of the concept of “artificial intelligence activity” into scientific circulation and legislation in the near future. The issues of defining the concept of “legal labor” in the conditions of the prevailing scientific concepts of labor psychology cause a lot of difficulties. Thus, the concepts of L.S. Vygotsky, S.L. Rubinstein, V.D. Shadrikov recognized in the scientific community do not provide answers to a number of questions related to the essence of legal work, such as the possibility of distinguishing “legal action” and a number of others. Despite the recognition in scientific legal circles of the research of D.I. Meyer, by the way, professor of Kazan Imperial University, the concepts of “legal action” proposed by him from the point of view of modern psychological science are absolutely unacceptable, since he primitively calls all actions performed by a person “legal”, without taking into account that such legal actions can only be performed within the framework of regulated by the law of public relations. So eating breakfast in the morning, this sign is absent in most cases, and therefore there is no need to qualify this action as legal. Despite the described scientific problems, the trends in the development of this scientific field of knowledge (“psychology of legal work”) are very dynamic. They will be discussed in the publication.

TOWARDS EDUCATION 2050: METHODOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS

Education 2050 is a determining factor of Future 2050. Therefore, different attempts to envision Education 2050 have been undertaken, and their results have been presented to the wider public. However, the scientific view on Education 2050 is under-represented, and the methodology of envisaging Education 2050 remains under-explored. The aim of this paper is to analyse methodologies applied to the projection of Education 2050. The exploratory research is employed in this work. Data were collected via observations and processed via content analysis. Findings were structured, summarized and compared, and allowed concluding that the use of methodologies in the works selected for analysis of Education 2050 is fragmentary. Only some methodology’s elements are leveraged for shaping Education 2050 in the analysed works. The aspect of Information and Communication Technologies prevails in projecting Education 2050 in the works available for analysis. The analysed works have more differences than similarities in the use of methodological elements related to the design of Education 2050. A new research question has been formulated: What is a methodology for envisioning Education 2050? Limitations of the research have been presented. Further work has been proposed.

On the discussion of the confrontation between Lamarckism and Mendelism in Russia (Novosibirsk Academgorodok, methodological seminars and social embedding of knowledge)

The article aims at providing grounds for the analysis of the confrontation of scientific views in the context of E. Agassi’s famous thesis: “science is always socially engaged, but it should not be socially dependent”. This socio-epistemological analysis focuses on the clash between Lysenko’s interpretation of the Lamarckian methodology of H. Spencer’s views and representatives of the Russian school of classical Mendelian genetics. A distinctive feature of Akademgorodok in the 1970s-1980s was that almost every academic institute had a person responsible for organizing a specialized scientific-methodological seminar on philosophical and methodological problems of a particular field of knowledge. Recollections of the participants of these seminars and reconstruction of the issues discussed at that time are rich empirical material, providing an opportunity to test modern conceptions in the field of social anthropology, social epistemology, and sociology of science. The revival of genetics in our country began with the founding of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences/SB RAS. It is shown that this confrontation between Lamarckism and Mendelism in 1930s-1960s develops from the denial of the theses of the ideological opponents to the emergence of accompanying interdisciplinary research. At the same time, a special role is given to the specification of the methodological function of philosophy and to those forms of its realization that scientists personally participating in scientific-methodological seminars, were more inclined to associate with “substantive” rather than “sociological” aspects of the description of the situation.

First Order Methods for Geometric Optimization of Crystals: Theoretical Derivations

AbstractCrystal structures are important formations, bases of materials used in everyday life. A lot of effort is dedicated to the creation of new materials, starting from the study and combination of crystal structures' properties[1] through the crystals' geometric optimization. In the meantime, an equal amount of effort is dedicated to the study and development of methods employed in optimization problems; this, nevertheless, is carried out independently, in the context of computer science. There is a need, therefore, to acknowledge and highlight the overlap between the two fields, whilst creating a common language and establishing the theoretical foundations on which the optimization methods can become physically interpreted in the case of crystals. This article provides a detailed introduction to the theory behind the geometric optimization of crystals from the point of view of computer science, so as to facilitate interdisciplinary cooperation. Its target is to familiarize scientists from different fields with the problem, its parameters, and their derivations, in order to motivate their assistance in the creation, implementation, and application of new methods for the geometric optimization of crystal structures.

Impact of organic carbon on heavy metals of river sediments and aquatic ecosystems: A review

AbstractOrganic carbon with variable chemical composition sourced primarily from terrestrial and aquatic biogenic input has a significant impact on sediment heavy metal mobility. The present scientific view is unclear in deciphering the role of labile organic carbon in changing sediment heavy metal concentration. The present review critically assesses the impact of various forms of carbon on different geochemically bound heavy metal fractions and their monitoring. It is evident from the review that, the biochemical form of organic carbon (based on degradability and biopolymeric forms), carbon‐geochemical association, and density of organic carbon (light or heavy carbon fractions) plays an important role in determining the bioavailability and toxicity of metals for aquatic organisms. Besides the organic carbon, various sediment conditions that define the behavior of heavy metals include pH, redox condition, sulfide concentration, salinity, temperature, etc. Therefore, it is recommended that carbon relation with heavy metal mobility and stability should be included under long‐term sediment management plans to maintain the sediment quality of the river system.