Children's Views Research Articles

Mastery motivation in Iranian parents and their children: A comparison study of their views

Context: The Dimensions of Mastery Questionnaire has been widely used to assess children's motivation to master skills and solve problems. Aims: The present study examined Iranian parents' views on the mastery motivation of their children compared with the children's views of their own mastery motivation.Setting and Design: This analytic cross-sectional and psychometric study was done in 2017-2018 in Iranian governmental regular schools in Sari, Babol (Mazandaran) and Tehran. 11 schools (5 Tehran, 3 Sari and 3 Babol) were selected based on cooperation and acceptance of the study. Materials and Methods: A convenience sampling of 114 families with schoolage children was invited to participate in the present study. Fathers (33.7%) or mothers (69.7%) and their 1115 yearold children (67% boys) filled the questionnaires; 42 parents and 33 children were asked to refill questionnaires after 2 weeks.Statistical Analysis Used: All data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, inferential internal consistency, and testretest reliability. Results: There was no difference between parent and child views on 3 out of 4 persistence subscales, but for all the emotional subscales plus general competence, children rated themselves higher than the parents rated them. The intraclass correlation coefficient of all domains and total score were significant (P 0.01). Conclusions: Pediatric rehabilitation professionals need to be aware that children and adults may differ in their view of the children's motivation. Disagreements should be discussed with parents and students. Specific treatment goals should be developed for the dimensions on which both parents and their children agree.

Primary school design: co-creation with children

PurposeThe school environment affects children's health, emotions and learning. The good design of school buildings makes these places more pleasant and more functional. Children's views are important and need to be more effectively integrated in the school design project, especially after the pandemic as many schools had to re-design their spaces. However, there are challenges for academics, designers and policymakers in determining which methods are appropriate for listening to children's views and ensuring their effective participation. The study aims to evaluate the different ways in which children could get involved in designing schools, and to identify spatial design trends from the perspective of the children.Design/methodology/approachFor this study, qualitative and quantitative research methods were used. Various data collection techniques were drawings, model making and questionnaires. The empirical study was undertaken by 120 children (8–10 years old), who designed three spaces in two Primary Schools in England.FindingsThis paper discusses the change in use of spaces for current and future (post-COVID) school design and the need for multi-purpose spaces that can flip form one to another. The findings highlight the importance of involving children in the school design process that could then inform the decision-making processes of architects and designers. The findings would have implications for school design practice, demonstrating how research can be embedded in primary schools to evaluate the quality of indoor and outdoor spaces.Research limitations/implicationsMore research focusing on diverse spaces, various age groups and in different primary schools would provide reliable and age-appropriate guideline for future school design. It is recommended to gather children's and teachers' views related to the changes that primary schools in the UK have applied in response to the pandemic since June 2020 to assess the impact of social distancing in various indoor and outdoor spaces.Originality/valueThe study is a response to effective involvement of children in school design process as the main user. By identifying appropriate methods to gather children's views, the gap between academics, designers and policymakers can be bridged, especially for innovative post-COVID design of primary schools with radical changes. The study also highlights children's views for design of outdoor and indoor multi-functional spaces and suggests some post-pandemic design considerations to respond to children's preferences as well as their health and well-being.

A child's eye view

Children's views of nursery after Covid-19 have been revealed at one setting in Birmingham. Dr Anita Soni and Sarah Presswood report

A systematic review of children’s participation in child protection decision‐making: Tokenistic presence or not?

AbstractThis article examines children's views on and experiences with participation in the child protection system's decision‐making process. The systematic review follows the PRISMA statement and includes 12 peer‐reviewed articles published in academic journals from 2006 to 2017. Findings suggest that children's contact with their worker was limited or non‐existent, which minimised opportunities to express views regarding their situation; child–worker contacts lacked dialogue, information about the process of intervention and trusting relationships, meaning that without a voice, children were not engaged in making decisions. Although data are limited, they suggest little or no dialogue with children by child protection workers. Furthermore, children voiced their experiences of not being informed of or understanding the process or decisions made about their lives.

What Weight (If Any) Should Be Attached to Children's Wishes and Views in Child Relocation Disputes? Lessons from Canada

This article discusses the participation of children in child relocation disputes in South Africa and Canada. It argues that there is a need for South African courts to recognise the agency of children who are at such a stage of development as to enable them to participate in family law disputes which affect them. It argues that South Africa can learn from Canada which utilises judicial interviews and Voice of the Child Reports to enable children to participate in parental disputes that involve them. This will assist courts to better understand children's views which they should attach adequate weight to without making such views decisive. This article further argues that when reaching their decisions on proposed relocations, courts should indicate that they considered children's views and that they have attached some weight to such views. This article also proposes amendments to the South African Children's Act which, it is hoped, will lead to the effective participation of children in matters that affect them.

Representações e estereótipos da docência na visão de crianças da Educação Infantil de zona rural

Este artigo consiste em um recorte de pesquisa de Mestrado que tem como questão-problema: Que características alguém precisa possuir para exercer a docência na visão de crianças com idade de cinco anos? O objetivo consiste em analisar as representações que envolvem quem pode lecionar de acordo com crianças da Educação Infantil do meio rural. Os dados foram produzidos por meio de entrevistas projetivas e de “Jogo de areia” realizados individualmente com as crianças-participantes. Os resultados revelaram que para ser docente, na visão dessas crianças, é preciso ser mulher, branca, jovem, com cabelos longos e lisos, revelando representações ancoradas em estereótipos de mulher, predominantes no ideário da sociedade brasileira. Concluímos que a reprodução de comportamentos hegemônicos na escola favorece a construção dessas representações das crianças sobre ser docente, fato que pode contribuir com a padronização de gêneros e promover a não aceitação do diferente.

Influence of Mothers/Grandmothers Coviewing Cartoons With Children on Children's Viewing Experience.

Watching cartoons is one important event in children’s early lives. This activity is highly influential on many factors, such as children’s cognitive and behavioral development. Some researchers believe that parents should coview cartoons with children to help them filter and distinguish useful content. However, intergenerational education is already common in China, and the influence of grandparents cannot be ignored. Because they are in different stages of life, the members of these two generations manifest great differences in parenting style, which may lead to differences in child development. Does this generational difference have differential effects on the children’s cartoon-viewing experience? We recruited 89 parents and grandparents and their kindergarten-aged children (approximately 5 years old) to participate in the study. The mothers or grandmothers were asked to coview a cartoon for approximately 7 min with their child, after which the child was asked questions about the cartoon-viewing experience. The results show the following: (1) compared with grandmothers, mothers generally think that cartoons have a very high influence on children’s physical and mental health (χ 2 = 8.83, p < 0.05), (2) mothers place more restrictions on the content of cartoons that their children view, whereas grandmothers’ attitudes are characterized by greater tolerance (χ 2 = 11.94, p < 0.01), and (3) in the case of coviewing with mothers, when the children are asked “why” questions about the cartoon-viewing experience questionnaire, they use more experience proofs to explain their answers than when they coview with grandmothers (χ 2 = 16.69, p < 0.01; χ 2 = 10.44, p < 0.05).

Prawa dziecka we współczesnej szkole – doświadczenia studentów pedagogiki

&lt;p&gt;Pomimo ratyfikacji przez Polskę Konwencji o Prawach Dziecka, a także szeregu dokumentów regulujących funkcjonowanie systemu oświaty w naszym kraju, szkolna rzeczywistość w kontekście urzeczywistniania praw dzieci – uczniów – pozostawia wiele do życzenia. Pewnego obrazu tej kwestii dostarczają zaprezentowane w artykule badania. Przeprowadzono je wśród studentów pedagogiki Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, wykorzystując autorski kwestionariusz ankiety. Badani studenci optymistycznie odnosili się do urzeczywistniania w polskich szkołach praw dziecka, uznając je za generalnie realizowane. Wyrażali przekonanie, że polskim dzieciom gwarantuje się prawo do nauki, edukacji. W naszym kraju respektuje się zasadę powszechności i bezpłatności nauczania, równości w dostępie do oświaty, a także prawo do uznania i zachowania w trakcie nauki szkolnej tożsamości narodowej uczniów. Natomiast prawo do wyrażania swoich opinii, do szacunku dla własnych poglądów dziecka częściej było uznawane za nierealizowane niż realizowane, prawo zaś do swobody wypowiedzi i informacji niewiele częściej za realizowane niż nierealizowane. Jako dość pozytywne można ocenić doświadczenia studentów związane z ich prawami jako uczniów – w przeszłości. Wszystkie przedstawione im prawa częściej uznawali za realizowane niż za nierealizowane. Podawali jednak przykłady łamania ich uczniowskich praw (w przeszłości), zwykle przez nauczycieli. Szkoły, do których uczęszczali w przeszłości obecni studenci pedagogiki, raczej niewielką rolę odegrały w zakresie ich edukacji dotyczącej praw dziecka. Z przeprowadzonych badań wyłania się obraz szkoły, w której zdarzają się przypadki naruszania praw dzieci przez osoby powołane do ich realizacji – nauczycieli, a prawo do wyrażania własnego zdania, szacunku dla jego poglądów jest najczęściej naruszanym, a równocześnie najbardziej pożądanym, dobrem.&lt;/p&gt;

Children's perspectives on health-promoting living environments: The significance of social capital.

This article discusses the usefulness of social capital as a conceptual tool to design neighbourhoods promoting children's health. The aim was to explore children's perspectives of health promoting environments, and we used a combination of photovoice and grounded theory. Children from two neighbourhoods in a Swedish municipality were invited to photograph and discuss places of importance for their well-being. They presented places facilitating togetherness, enjoyable activities and positive emotions, mostly found in their immediate environments: at home, at school and in their neighbourhoods, but the access to these places was unequally distributed between the areas. The results highlight a need for ensuring all children's access to health promoting places and to include children's views in policy and planning. Investments in the physical environment need to be combined with efforts to influence norms and collective efficacy to secure local ownership and use of these investments. We found that the concept of social capital is a relevant conceptual tool for understanding what constitutes health-promoting places from children's perspectives and contributes to a deeper understanding on how physical and social environments are interlinked.

Old Age-Related Stereotypes of Preschool Children.

Ageist attitudes have been discovered in children as early as 3 years. However, so far very few studies, especially during the last decade, have examined age-related stereotypes in preschool children. Available questionnaires adapted to this population are scarce. Our study was designed to probe old age-related views in 3- to 6-year-old children (n = 126) using both an open-ended Image-of-Aging question and a new pilot tool, called Young Children’s Views of Older People (YCVOP), based on a visual analog scale illustrated by cartoons. Parental views of older people were also collected. The YCVOP was easy to use and internally consistent. Both that scale and the Image-of-Aging question showed globally favorable views of older people in preschool children, especially regarding warmth and smartness traits. However, assessment of physical capacity and independence tended to be negative. The overall results were in line with the low-competence, high-warmth stereotype of older people that is common in young adults and school-age children and was found in parents in the current study (Stereotype Content Model). Strikingly, children’s views did not correlate with those of their parents’: The children’s responses appeared more personal and emotional, while the parents tended to adopt global stereotypes. The preschoolers’ views of older people were much more positive in those who spontaneously evoked their grandparents when asked to think of an old person. In conclusion, this study, introducing a new visual tool to assess age-related stereotypes, suggests ambivalent views of older adults start in preschool children and are influenced by grandparents relationships.

Looking beyond the coronavirus: lessons and principles.

Looking beyond the coronavirus: lessons and principles.

Manipulation and Domestic Abuse in Contested Contact – Threats to Children's Participation Rights

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child has catalysed numerous jurisdictions to introduce new legal provisions to support children's participation rights when child contact is contested. Despite this, children's participation is frequently limited in practice, especially in contexts where children are perceived as vulnerable to a parent's manipulation, even if there are allegations of domestic abuse. While “resist and refusal dynamics” have yet to become mainstream terms in Scottish family law, “manipulation” has become a common concern in cases of contested contact. Drawing on a Scottish empirical study on contested child contact in circumstances of domestic abuse, we interrogate the implications that the concept of manipulation has for children's participation rights. The study involved separate in‐depth interviews with 18 children and their 16 mothers. Findings point to concerns about upholding children's participation rights, particularly in cases where children were depicted as “influenced” or “manipulated.” Through our analysis, we disentangle the problems professionals have when concerns about child manipulation and domestic abuse intersect. We argue that, when combined, allegations of manipulation and domestic abuse present a significant and serious risk to children's participation rights. We find the legal construction of the child's views as separate from the parental dispute to have unintended and serious consequences for children's participation rights. We offer ways in which law and practice may evolve to ensure children's participation rights in these contexts are both implemented and upheld.Practitioner's Key Points The combination of allegations of manipulation and domestic abuse present a significant and serious risk to children's participation rights in contested child contact A legal construction of the child's views as separate to the parental dispute to have unintended and serious consequences for children's participation rights Radical reform in family law and practice is necessary to make disputes about child contact centered around the child, rather than on parental responsibilities and rights.

İlkokul Çocuklarının Gözünden Hemşirelik: Atilla İlkokulu Örneği

İlkokul Çocuklarının Gözünden Hemşirelik: Atilla İlkokulu Örneği

Living with an invisible illness: a qualitative study exploring the lived experiences of female children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Many chronic illnesses are self-evident. However, disorders like congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are invisible to the naked eye and unnoticeable to others. Therefore, invisible illness is often a shared, misconstrued experience for children with CAH, their caregivers, and the medical community. This experience, along with its lack of awareness and added stigma, may impact overall quality of life (QOL) of such individuals. To facilitate our understanding of QOL of children with CAH, we must first explore their subjective experiences. This study aimed to capture their lived experiences and provide recommendations to support children with CAH. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 female children with CAH between 7 and 18years and their caregivers. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, checked for accuracy, and independently coded by the first and second author. Content analysis was used to organize data so that codes could be condensed into categories and themes. Differences around code, category, and theme description were reconciled. Participants' experiences were described in five themes: (1) Making sense of the situation; (2) Emotional and psychological impact of an invisible illness; (3) Normalcy; (4) Disclosure of diagnosis; and (5) Improving the care of children with CAH CONCLUSION: Exploring children's views about living with an invisible illness illuminated individual aspects contributing to our in-depth understanding of experiences of children with CAH. Ongoing education and awareness of CAH is necessary to help mitigate the stigma associated with living with CAH.

Supporting the mental wellbeing of children and young people in the school environment: a qualitative study

BackgroundOne in ten children and young people have a clinically diagnosed mental health disorder or emotional and behavioural problems. Children and young people with poor mental health are at increased risk of short-term and long-term poor social and economic outcomes. Improving the wellbeing of children is one of the key goals of the Well-being of Future Generations Act in Wales. The aim of this study was to understand children's views about what is important to mental wellbeing in the school setting. MethodsBetween Nov 29, 2017, and May 28, 2018, six focus groups, which included 62 pupils (33 girls and 29 boys) aged 5–18 years, were invited to discuss what matters to children to support their mental wellbeing. Five of the focus groups were held at schools identified by the Healthy Schools Coordinators across Wales, and one was held at the Children in Wales office for children who were excluded or not in mainstream schools. The schools were located in a mixture of urban and rural settings in south Wales. We did a thematic analysis of all the qualitative data gathered from the focus groups. FindingsThematic analysis identified fourteen themes: understanding the mental wellbeing needs of children who attend each school; fostering good working relationships with clear respect between pupils and staff; being able to raise issues without fear of judgement; dealing quickly and effectively with bullying; having enough free time in school for unstructured activities and lunch; feeling prepared for tests and exams; having a strong and effective pupil voice; staff enabling a calm classroom environment; prioritising pupil well-being; prioritising staff well-being; monitoring the reasons for staff turnover and acting on this; using support services to best effect to benefit well-being; celebrating diversity; and helping pupils cope at predictable transition periods. The most frequently raised themes were fostering good working relationships with clear respect between pupils and staff; having a strong and effective pupil voice; prioritising staff wellbeing; monitoring the reasons for staff turnover and acting on this; celebrating diversity; and helping pupils cope at predictable transition periods. InterpretationThe themes identified by the children were used as a basis for the new Wales Healthy School Scheme criteria. The outcomes of the thematic analysis directly influenced the criteria associated with mental wellbeing, giving children a clear voice in the process. FundingNone.

TIME for Kids to Learn Gender Stereotypes: Analysis of Gender and Political Leadership in a Common Social Studies Resource for Children

AbstractWhile early gendered messages mold children's expectations about the world, we know relatively little about the depictions of women in politics and exposure to gender stereotypes in elementary social studies curricula. In this article, we examine the coverage of political leaders in the children's magazine TIME for Kids, a source commonly found in elementary school classrooms. Coding all political content from this source over six years, we evaluate the presence of women political leaders and rate whether the leaders are described as possessing gender-stereotypic traits. Our results show that although TIME for Kids covers women leaders in greater proportion than their overall representation in politics, the content of the coverage contains gendered messages that portray politics as a stereotypically masculine field. We show that gendered traits are applied differently to men and to women in politics: feminine and communal traits are more likely to be applied to women leaders, while men and women are equally described as having masculine and agentic traits. Portrayals of women political leaders in stereotype-congruent ways is problematic because early messages influence children's views of gender roles.

Elementary school children's conceptions of teaching and learning to write as intentional activities

We study children's conceptions of teaching and learning to write as intentional activities. Sixty elementary school children in First, Fourth and Seventh Grade were interviewed individually following a structured script of open questions. Based on the Grounded Theory, a system of analysis composed of first- and second-order intentional actions for teacher and learner was developed and applied to children's full responses. Descriptive and multivariate statistical analyses were conducted. We identified five response patterns in children's explanations showing complementary interactions between teacher and learner, which remind us of instructional cultural learning. Patterns progress according to the order of intentionality of teacher's and learner's actions mentioned, the variety of actions covered and the frequency in which they appeared throughout the interview. This progress is moderately associated to school grade. These findings encourage educational design and practice to take into consideration children's views of intentionality of teaching and learning school contents.

Toward a Developmental Science of Politics.

Toward a Developmental Science of Politics.

CRIANÇAS, NATUREZA E FOTOGRAFIA: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA NO CERRADO

Este trabalho objetivou analisar a relação de crianças com a natureza, a partir de imagens obtidas por instrumentos tecnológicos, e as narrativas por eles construídas. A intenção principal é revelar possíveis olhares e relações dessas crianças com a experiência que foram convidadas a vivenciar. A metodologia, centrada na concepção de criança como sujeito de direitos, valoriza a autoria e a lógica infantil e, inicialmente, combinou três momentos de relação das crianças com a fotografia: a tomada de imagens em uma trilha de cerrado, a análise dessas imagens e sua categorização. Posteriormente, inseriu-se também a análise dos desenhos produzidos pelas crianças, para identificar sua visão sobre a visita ao cerrado. Constatou-se a diversidade de olhares infantis sobre a natureza e sua relação com ela. As imagens retratam bem o cerrado e seus elementos, em diferentes ângulos, distâncias, enquadramentos, focos, propósitos e sentidos; as crianças se colocaram nas fotos e desenhos e compartilharam, como num jogo de negociação e poder, a autoria de algumas fotografias.

Children's and adults' perceptions of child necessities in Hong Kong

AbstractThere is growing interest in child poverty and well‐being in East Asia. However, empirical studies predominantly adopt “expert‐led” measures (such as adult‐derived child deprivation measures), which usually assume that parents or guardians provide reliable reports about all their children's needs and that the allocation of household resources is effectively equal across all members. Studies of child poverty from a child‐rights or child‐agency perspective are rare in East Asia. Using a consensual deprivation approach, this article examines the extent of agreement between children and adults about which child possessions and activities constitute necessities of life in Hong Kong. The data are drawn from the second wave of the Strategic Public Policy Research project—Trends and Implications of Poverty and Social Disadvantages in Hong Kong: A Multi‐disciplinary and Longitudinal Study. A total of 595 adults and 636 school‐aged children from the first wave of the study were reinterviewed and asked if they considered 16 possessions and activities as essential for children in contemporary Hong Kong. The results showed that adults were significantly more likely to believe that almost all material and social deprivation items were necessities compared with their children, even after controlling for individual‐level factors (i.e., gender and birthplace) and household‐level factors (i.e., number of children in the household, number of working adults, and household income). The findings highlight the importance of incorporating children's views into our understanding of child poverty.