Ethical Point Of View Research Articles

A thorough examination of organizations from an ethical viewpoint: A bibliometric and content analysis of organizational virtuousness studies

AbstractThe study comprehensively reviews previous research work in the domain of ‘Organizational Virtuousness’ (OV) using bibliometric and content analysis. It aims to provide insights into what is known about the field and where future research should be directed. As many as 193 published research articles during the last two decades (2004–2022) were retrieved from the Scopus database. These articles were thoroughly studied and then examined using VOSviewer and the Biblioshiny package of R software for bibliometric insights. The findings of the analysis have pinpointed the most influential journals, authors, and keywords and discovered seven research clusters. Notably, this study is one of the foremost attempts to review the extant research body on OV, and it inarguably helps and guides future research and practice.

Wearable Technologies and Stress: Toward an Ethically Grounded Approach.

The widespread use of digital technologies that can be worn on our bodies-wearables-is presented as a turning point for various areas of biomedical research and healthcare, such as stress. The ability to constantly measure these parameters, the perceived quality of measurement, and their individual and personal level frame wearable technology as a possibly crucial step in the direction of a more accurate and objective definition and measurement of stress for clinical, research, and personal purposes. In this paper, we discuss the hypothesis that the use of wearables for stress is also beneficial from an ethical viewpoint. We start by situating wearables in the context of existing methods and limitations of stress research. On this basis, we discuss the ethics of wearables for stress by applying ethical principles from bioethics (beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, justice), which allows us to identify ethical benefits as well as challenges in this context. As a result, we develop a more balanced view of the ethics of wearables for stress, which we use to present recommendations and indications with a focus on certification, accessibility, and inclusion. This article is, thus, a contribution towards ethically grounded wearable and digital health technology for stress.

Van evidencebased medicine naar shared decision-making bij diabetes mellitus

From evidence-based medicine to shared decision-making in diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease with a worldwide prevalence of more than 450 million people. It is estimated that only 14.3% of this population achieves the targets with regard to HbA1c, blood pressure and cholesterol levels. DM prevention and management are getting more and more attention. Thanks to shared decision-making (SDM), the patient’s personal context can be identified and therapy can be adjusted if needed. Currently, there is little guidance for physicians on how they should implement SDM in practice. Healthcare organizations can play a role in providing education to support the use of SDM. Various barriers such as time pressure, paternalism and ignorance hamper the use of SDM. New technologies are making it increasingly easy to exchange information between doctors and patients in a patient-friendly manner. Given the actual increase of patient participation in practice, SDM will become increasingly important. From an ethical point of view, patient education is necessary in order to achieve complete autonomy of the patient and to enable SDM. The diabetes educator plays an important role to achieve this, complemented by the use of technological tools that become more and more available such as apps, web-based applications, continuous glucose monitoring, etc. SDM has the opportunity to combine an ethical approach with scientific evidence and consequently transforming care in making the best decision for each patient.

Enjeux éthiques de la chirurgie de réassignation sexuelle

Gender reassignment raises complex ethical issues. It questions gender identity and the right to self-determination. Some highlight the right to access the medical care necessary to live according to one's perceived gender. Others worry about the potential rush into major medical decisions, especially among minors. The need for a medical diagnosis of gender dysphoria can be seen as pathologizing. The requirement for surgery for marital status change, while not mandatory in many places, remains controversial. The balance between informed consent and access to treatment, as well as stigma and discrimination, contribute to the complexity of ethical issues. Finally, the issues surrounding the competence of health professionals, the quality of care and the integration of individual needs make these decisions particularly sensitive from an ethical point of view.

Why Are Companies Too Creative in Accounting? An Empirical Study in Slovakia

Why Are Companies Too Creative in Accounting? An Empirical Study in Slovakia

The Problem of Universal Digitalization in the Mirror of Russian Audiovisual Orthodox Media (On the Example of the Spas TV Channel)

This scientific work is devoted to explaining how the problem of digitalization is understood in the broadcast of Russian audiovisual Orthodox media. Religious, in particular Orthodox, mass media are aimed at understanding events and processes from a value-worldview perspective: by determining the position of the media in relation to digitalization, it is possible to identify an assessment of the phenomenon from an ethical point of view. According to the author, the most representative TV channel is Spas (more specifically, the program Glavnoye (The Main Thing). The paper is aimed at determining which manifestations of digitalization in the life of society and man are discussed in the channel’s program, how the TV channel assesses the universal introduction of digital technologies. It is supposed to study the semantic content of the program, therefore, the main method of research is the analysis of media texts (journalistic materials of the TV channel).As a result of the study, it turned out that such manifestations of digitalization as the Internet and cyberspace, urban video surveillance systems, biometrics, unified databases, artificial intelligence, chipization of the population and digital learning are being analyzed by program. The journalists of Spas do not give an unambiguous assessment of digital transformation. The following position is stated on the air: like any phenomenon, digitalization produces both positive and negative effects. Transformations can represent improvements in response to modern challenges. How[1]ever, at the same time, it is necessary to take into account the potential and real threats that digitalization poses to a person and society. In the virtual environment, such problems as the security of personal information and personal space, the effectiveness of digital education in comparison with the classical face-to-face, the cybercivilization practice advance of the regulatory framework development and the need to regulate the legislation of the Russian Federation to stop the processes taking place in the gray legal zone are becoming more acute. Cyberspace is a new sphere of human habitation, where maximum security, including privacy, should be ensured in the absence of excessive control.

Artifical intelligence use in orthopedics: an ethical point of view.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being utilized in orthopedics practice. Ethical concerns have arisen alongside marked improvements and widespread utilization of AI. Patient privacy, consent, data protection, cybersecurity, data safety and monitoring, bias, and accountability are some of the ethical concerns.

Ethics of Quantum Computing: an Outline

This paper intends to contribute to the emerging literature on the ethical problems posed by quantum computing and quantum technologies in general. The key ethical questions are as follows: Does quantum computing pose new ethical problems, or are those raised by quantum computing just a different version of the same ethical problems raised by other technologies, such as nanotechnologies, nuclear plants, or cloud computing? In other words, what is new in quantum computing from an ethical point of view? The paper aims to answer these two questions by (a) developing an analysis of the existing literature on the ethical and social aspects of quantum computing and (b) identifying and analyzing the main ethical problems posed by quantum computing. The conclusion is that quantum computing poses completely new ethical issues that require new conceptual tools and methods.

Old Age and Frailty in Deceased Organ Transplantation and Allocation-A Plea for Geriatric Assessment and Prehabilitation.

Due to demographic ageing and medical progress, the number and proportion of older organ donors and recipients is increasing. At the same time, the medical and ethical significance of ageing and old age for organ transplantation needs clarification. Advanced age is associated with the frailty syndrome that has a negative impact on the success of organ transplantation. However, there is emerging evidence that frailty can be modified by suitable prehabilitation measures. Against this backdrop, we argue that decision making about access to the transplant waiting list and the allocation of donor organs should integrate geriatric expertise in order to assess and manage frailty and impairments in functional capacity. Prehabilitation should be implemented as a new strategy for pre-operative conditioning of older risk patients' functional capacity. From an ethical point of view, advanced chronological age per se should not preclude the indication for organ transplantation and the allocation of donor organs.

Sexual assistance as a form of support for the sexual needs of people with physical disabilities in Japan

The sexuality of people with disabilities has long been a taboo. The most controversial, mainly from an ethical point of view, is sexual assistance, which in many countries around the world is not only allowed, but also financed by the government. The aim of the article is to look at this form of supporting sexual needs and learn how sexual assistants function in Japan. Attention is drawn to the presentation of two non-governmental organisations: White Hands and Noir, which support and improve the quality of life of men with physical disabilities.

Пологи в пограничні терміни життєздатності: досвід Перинатального центру м. Києва

The article discusses the main medical consequences of extreme prematurity, the contradictions of the medical and ethical point of view of raising such children. There are differences in the term of viability in different countries and different institutions of obstetric care. The measures of resuscitation care provided to extremely premature newborns, as well as the potential consequences of the survival of those born in extreme terms - motor and cognitive disorders, impaired vision and hearing, and socialization - are considered. Purpose - to determine the viable period in the conditions of the Kyiv Perinatal Center based on the results of 2014-2022 and to formulate the principles of providing assistance to women in labor and newborns of this category. Materials and methods. The indicators of neonatal mortality in the Perinatal Center of Kyiv for the years 2014-2022 at birth at 22-26 weeks, as well as the prevalence of severe health disorders during further observation, were analyzed. A comparison of these indicators with global data was made. Results. Analysis of neonatal mortality rates showed that at the beginning of the work of the Perinatal Center, the term of viability was above the limit of 26 weeks, in 2013 it shifted to the limit of 26 weeks, and in 2014 to 25 weeks, remaining there even now. This term is shorter than in Ukraine as a whole, i.e. transferring a pregnant woman with unavoidable very early premature birth to a tertiary center optimizes the results for the child. Monitoring of the further development of such newborns showed that at 22-23 weeks 10 out of 10 newborns, at 24 weeks - 8 out of 10, at 25 weeks - 6 out of 10, and at 26 weeks - 5 out of 10 have serious health disorders. A detailed description of the activities of the Perinatal management clinical group is provided extremely premature births, which provides high-risk patients with delivery before 27 weeks of counseling in decision-making regarding neonatal resuscitation, as well as rehabilitation after reproductive losses. Conclusions. The gestational period of viability in the Perinatal Center is 25 weeks. According to the Perinatal Center, the frequency of severe health disorders in extremely premature babies ranges from 100% at 22 weeks to 50% at 26 weeks. Implementation of the policy of Perinatal management of extremely premature births allows to observe the ethical principles of autonomy and justice when providing care to a newborns. The Perinatal Center of Kyiv operates a full cycle of providing assistance to women with very early premature births - from observing ethical principles in providing assistance to newborns to psychological rehabilitation after reproductive loss and planning the next pregnancy. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION AND THE GLOBAL ETHICS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES TOWARDS PEACE EDUCATION IN INDONESIA

The world has many problems, economic interests, chaos, and wars. Man needs a binder to prevent man (countries) from being able to do something that only benefits himself and harms others. Thus, global ethics as a minimalist ethic is needed in this world. The goal is that there be peace and order. This article aims to construct an idea of creating peaceful education through Islamic Religious Education with a global ethical perspective. This research confirms that the main points of global ethics are relevant to Islamic religious education in Indonesia regarding Islamic teachings and Government Regulations. The integration of global ethics in Islamic Religious Education can be implemented in Indonesia. On the other hand, there are challenges to integrating global ethics in learning; how can teachers provide students with an understanding of the universal values of global ethics in Indonesia context of a plural society? The leading global ethics precepts must be included in the Islamic religious education curriculum at the basic, secondary, and higher levels. This study is devoted to developing a rudimentary idea of Islamic religious education from a global ethical standpoint. As a result, additional research on Islamic religious education from a global ethical viewpoint is required.

Why are spreading deceptive political conspiracy theories ethically wrong?

Conspiracy theories in expert circles generally have a bad reputation, which is conditioned by the fact that according to some studies, the spread of conspiracy theories has a number of negative consequences: it increases society's indifference to politics, distrust of science etc. However, there are some other researchers who believe that the spread of conspiracy theories has positive effects: it increases the accountability of authorities, contributes to the disclosure of hidden conspiracies, and, in general, is an indicator of the transparency of society. Therefore, attempts by state institutions to prevent the spread of such theories can lead to even more negative consequences. This article analyzes these two approaches to the problem and argues that the dissemination of conspiracy theories is ethically wrong mainly in cases when we are dealing with deceptive political conspiracy theories. These are deceptive, misleading theories that certain political groups use to serve their political agenda. From an ethical point of view, the wrongness of spreading deceptive political conspiracy theories is based on the fact that as a kind of fake news, they mislead and harm society, are mainly used by populist and authoritarian politicians to polarize various social groups, justify their illegitimate actions, and reject the principle of equality among members of society.

Pencabulan Anak Dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana

Obscenity is a violation of children's rights and there is no argument that can justify this crime, both from a moral, ethical and religious point of view, especially the criminal act of obscenity committed against the accused and minors. The purpose of this research is to find out the criminal law perspective on child abuse. The research method used is normative legal research. Criminal law has an important role in protecting children, providing sanctions for perpetrators, and providing protection and rehabilitation for victims. The legal system must provide effective protection mechanisms, including the provision of legal aid, identity secrets, and escorting victims during the legal process.

Cenotaph and Tumulus – Ethics and Memory. The Micronovel Dora Bruder by Patrick Modiano and the Fiction of Herta Müller

"The present study approaches the micro-novel Dora Bruder by Patrick Modiano from the perspective of memory (and post-memory) which, through documentary work, restores the identity of the victims definitively annulled by the Nazi regime (victims who have no grave). Our hypothesis is that Modiano is building a literary cenotaph for Dora Bruder. For her part, Herta Müller tries, in at least two of her novels (The Land of Green Plums and The Appointment), to build for the victims of the Securitate (the Political Police in Communist Romania, during the neo-Stalinist regime under Nicolae Ceaușescu), a memorial, a literary tumulus. In this case, it is about victims who have a grave, but the author is building a second grave from an ethical point of view."

Ethical and scientific considerations when making decisions to euthanise companion animals

Euthanasia is a highly controversial issue in human society. In the field of veterinary medicine, there are guidelines that are intended to assist with the decision-making around euthanasia and reduce the possible ethical and moral conflicts involved with these situations. In this review, we have collected the existing information that allows veterinarians to better understand the factors surrounding the practice of euthanasia. Specific literature on topics such as the pathophysiology of pain in animals, clinical situations that could lead to a decision to euthanise an animal, possible ethical and moral conflicts, the management of emotions by animal tutors, etc. This article provides a general and practical overview of this potentially complex issue for the benefit of students, veterinarians, and the general public from both an ethical and medical point of view, and covers the fundamental concepts and notions that can facilitate decision-making concerning the euthanasia of animals. Ethical practices in veterinary medicine and the correct application of animal welfare principals are central to making such decisions responsibly.

Demarginalizing the Margins: Gender, Agency, and Nostalgia for French Algeria in Carnets d’Orient (Jacques Ferrandez, 2011)

Representations of the Other, particularly the racialized and gendered Other remains problematic for many artists, particularly in the context of representing aspects of French colonialism. This is notably the case for French pied-noir artists who set out to retrospectively tell the history of colonial Algeria. Jacques Ferrandez, a francophone pied-noir graphic novelist, published his series Carnets d’Orient between 1987 and 2009. In the second cycle, there is one single, recurring female Algerian character named Samia who will be the focus of this article. A close analysis of Samia’s representation illustrates the degrees to which the artist exploits the medium’s specificities in order to influence the message received by their readers. The reader is required to be an active co-creator and becomes implicated from an ethical point of view in that they are asked to reflect critically on their own subjectivity and biases. In the case of Carnets d’Orient, while a reading in which the Algerian woman’s agency is foregrounded is possible, we will see that instead of giving a voice to the female Algerian character, the white male pied-noir author uses her to voice a plaintive nostalgia for an Algeria which according to some “could have been.”

ETHICAL PROBLEMS OF USING PUSH-POLLS IN MARKETING RESEARCH IN THE POLITICAL MARKET

Thepurpose of political marketing research is to measure the electoral sentiments of voters, which are formed in the process of using various tools of influence. Critical from the ethical point of view of conducting marketing research in the political marketis their use as a tool to influence the consciousness and electoral mood of voters. Under the current conditions of marketing development, researching the needs of consumers, competitors, and macroenvironmental factors is extremely important for further planning of the company's activities. Marketing research, in addition to the fact that it should help in making effective management decisions, can be used by unscrupulous customers for various manipulations. For example, in the conditions of the industrialgoods market, such manipulations are practically unreal, because each of the participants systematically makes purchasing decisions and is very well acquainted with both the market participants and the technical and functional characteristics of the goodsthat are the subject of procurement. In the political market, the "purchase of goods" is carried out regularly, but with large time intervals (once every 4 or 5 years), which, given the unformed political culture, creates extremely favorable conditions for the use of various manipulations and technologies to influence the voter (consumer of political goods).The main methods of the conducted research are the analysis, generalization and processing of information obtained as a result of sociological research conducted by the Batkivshchyna party, the sociological company Rating, the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology, and the Razumkov Center. The method of correlation analysis was also used to identify the relationship between the poll results and the actual voting results. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the use of manipulative technologies in the process of conducting marketing political research in the conditions of the pre-election process is ineffective and difficult to predict from the point of view of the final result. Thus, it can be argued that the Ukrainian voter is influenced by a complex of marketing and technological means and techniques, and individual efforts do not bring the desired result

Responsibility and decision-making authority in using clinical decision support systems: an empirical-ethical exploration of German prospective professionals’ preferences and concerns

Machine learning-driven clinical decision support systems (ML-CDSSs) seem impressively promising for future routine and emergency care. However, reflection on their clinical implementation reveals a wide array of ethical challenges. The...

Ethical Procedures in Scientific Research

This work has as its theme the ethical procedures of research and aims to provide a framework of practical guidelines to ensure the protection of all actors involved in the development of scientific knowledge, particularly at the stage of research design and project.
 This is a theoretical reflection on the ethical dimension of data collection practices and the limits that the researcher should consciously attend to in the scientific research process. For this reflection, I carried out a literature review and a document analysis of several legal documents, highlighting the European directive on data protection. This led to several questions, namely: what documents should be ensured in the research project design process? What is the scope of informed consent and how can anonymity and confidentiality of data be preserved? These and other questions are answered in a thoughtful way for those who understand that there is no science without ethics, nor ethics without conscience.
 Here the hermeneutic method is the natural choice because it allows the interpretation of questions related to values and principles that must be contextualized. This interpretative analysis requires asking questions related to duty, but also to the norm or law. With this questioning it is hoped that the reader will understand in a systematized way the ethical procedures of research and will be able to draw on a documentary listing of the ethical point of view that will protect the informants, but also the researcher himself and affiliating institutions or participants.