View Of Theory Research Articles

Ward identities under the frame transformations in curved space-time

Scalar-tensor theories of gravity are considered to be competitors to Einstein's theory of general relativity for the description of classical gravity, as they are used to build feasible models for cosmic inflation. These theories can be formulated both in the Jordan and Einstein frame, which are related by a Weyl transformation with a field transformation, known together as a frame transformation. These theories formulated in the above two frames are often considered to be equivalent from the point of view of classical theory. However, this is no longer true from the quantum field theoretical perspective. In the present article, we show that the Ward identities derived in the above two frames are not connected through the frame transformation. This shows that the quantum field theories formulated in these two frames are not equivalent to each other. Moreover, this inequivalence is also shown by comparing the effective actions derived in these two frames.

Managerial values and sustainable oriented innovation: Examining the role of knowledge exploration versus exploitation practices

Purpose Leveraging upper echelon theory and knowledge-based view of the firm, this paper aims to explore how chief executive officers’ (CEO) sustainability orientation influences explorative and exploitative knowledge management practices, which in turn influence incremental and radical sustainable innovation under boundary conditions of CEOs’ temporal focus and regional affiliation in the home country. Design/methodology/approach This study used a nonprobability convenience sampling strategy. Using survey-based research, the authors tested the study hypotheses using partial least squares structural equation modeling on a sample of 298 CEOs from Indian small and medium enterprises. This study also tested the reliability and validity of the study variables by using internal consistency tests and convergent and discriminant validity procedures. Findings The study finds that CEO sustainability orientation affects incremental and radical sustainable innovation via the mediating effect of explorative and exploitative knowledge management practices. Furthermore, CEOs’ past temporal focus increases the influence of orientation on exploitative knowledge management. In contrast, future temporal focus increases the influence of CEO sustainability orientation on exploratory knowledge management practices. Finally, CEOs from the southwest, west and northwest regions of India increase the influence of exploratory knowledge management on radical sustainable innovation. Research limitations/implications This study has significant implications for understanding upper-echelon factors that drive knowledge management practices. CEO temporal focus (time orientation) and demographic aspects (regional affiliation) influence CEOs’ investment in different knowledge management and, hence, sustainable innovation management practices. However, this study does not explore cross-cultural differences and the role of the entire top management team in influencing sustainability values on sustainability innovation via knowledge management practices. Practical implications This study comprehends upper-echelon factors that drive investment in knowledge management and sustainable innovation practices. Findings imply that CEOs with past and future temporal focus can influence sustainable innovation, but their investment in knowledge management strategies differs. Past temporal-focused CEOs invest more in exploitative and future temporal focus more in explorative knowledge management for influencing sustainable innovation. Originality/value The study provides novel insights into the influence of upper-echelon traits on knowledge management and sustainable innovation practices. Extant literature has largely explored firm-level factors such as organizational culture influencing a firm's knowledge management practices. However, by integrating the upper echelon with the knowledge-based view of the firm, we explain how the traits of the CEO, especially the temporal perspective, influence knowledge management and sustainable innovation practices of firms.

Unleashing the black-box between high-performance work systems and employee flourishing-at-work: an integrative review

Purpose This study aims to unravel the black-box mechanism between high-performance work systems (HPWS) and the multifaceted well-being construct, flourishing-at-work (FAW). Moreover, this paper aims to bring in a positive psychological mechanism that can reduce the potential negative impact of HPWS on FAW. Design/methodology/approach A synthesis analysis of existing literature was carried out to formulate managerial and practical propositions. Findings Drawing upon the theoretical foundations of social exchange theory, conservation of resource theory, signalling theory and resource-based view (RBV), this study proposes a conceptual framework that connects HPWS, psychological capital (PsyCap), employee work passion (EWP), organisational trust (OT) and flourishing-at-work (FAW) with the possible moderating effect of OT in the relationship between HPWS and PsyCap. Practical implications Although the proposed conceptual framework is not empirically validated, the study provides several significant practical implications in terms of the integrated framework consisting of HPWS, PsyCap, OT, EWP and FAW. Originality/value This study represents a pioneering contribution by proposing an indirect relationship between HPWS and FAW. Moreover, none of the studies so far have unleashed the black-box mechanism between HPWS and FAW. The study provides a set of propositions that explain the relationships between the study variables, which enrich the understanding of strategic human resource management practices and their potential effects on employee well-being.

Revitalizing Performance of Three Star Hotels in Machakos County, Kenya Through the Application of Turnaround Strategies

This study sought to assess the effect of turnaround strategies on performance of selected three-star hotels in Machakos County, Kenya. The specific objectives were to determine the impact of downsizing, divestiture, price bundling, and repositioning on the performance of three-star hotels in Machakos County, Kenya. The research was grounded on the balance scorecard theory, contingency theory, institutional theory, and resource-based view theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design. A total of 454 (Finance staff, HR staff, and Marketing staff, Guests) involved in operation of three-star hotels were targeted. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 135 respondents. Semi-structured questionnaires were utilized to gather primary data. A pilot study was done using 10 participants who were not involved in the final data gathering to check validity and reliability of study instrument. To explore the impact of the link between the independent and dependent variables, multiple regression analysis was performed. The study findings show that coefficient of correlation was 0.789, an indication that the study variables significantly influenced performance of three-star hotels. Coefficient of adjusted determination was 0.615 which translates to 61.5%. This indicates that variations in dependent variable was explained by the independent variables (downsizing strategy, divestiture strategy, price bundling and repositioning strategy). The findings also established that P-value was 0.001 which is less than 0.05 an indication that the study variables significantly influenced performance of three-star hotels. The study concludes that turnaround strategies significantly affect the performance of selected three-star hotels in Machakos County, Kenya. The hotel administrators should come up with reliable communication channels about the reasons behind the downsizing staff and offer support services for affected employees. The three-star hotels should conduct thorough due diligence before divesting any assets. This includes a comprehensive analysis of the financial implications, potential impact on market share, and considerations of the long-term strategic goals of the organization.

ATICILIQDA PSİXOLOJİ ÇƏTİNLİKLƏRİN DƏF EDİLMƏSİNƏ DAİR

Overcoming Psychological Difficulties in Shooting Summary Improvement of the training system of athletes and sports training overcoming psychological difficulties in shooting from the point of view of theory and methodology research is important. In this regard, the shooting competition in the article psychological tensions arising during the period, objective and subjective difficulties that create them is interpreted. Because without feeling these difficulties, overcome them skillfully it is impossible to achieve high sports results without lifting. Submitted The article explains the details and conditions of overcoming psychological difficulties in shooting sports and all these have been brought to the fore and involved in theoretical analysis. Key words: mental state, heightened arousal, shooter, training

Misleading information in crises: exploring content-specific indicators on Twitter from a user perspective

ABSTRACT Recent crises like the COVID-19 pandemic provoked an increasing appearance of misleading information, emphasising the need for effective user-centered countermeasures as an important field in HCI research. This work investigates how content-specific user-centered indicators can contribute to an informed approach to misleading information. In a threefold study, we conducted an in-depth content analysis of 2382 German tweets on Twitter (now X) to identify topical (e.g. 5G), formal (e.g. links), and rhetorical (e.g. sarcasm) characteristics through manual coding, followed by a qualitative online survey to evaluate which indicators users already use autonomously to assess a tweet's credibility. Subsequently, in a think-aloud study participants qualitatively evaluated the identified indicators in terms of perceived comprehensibility and usefulness. While a number of indicators were found to be particularly comprehensible and useful (e.g. claim for absolute truth and rhetorical questions), our findings reveal limitations of indicator-based interventions, particularly for people with entrenched conspiracy theory views. We derive four implications for digitally supporting users in dealing with misleading information, especially during crises.

Impact of Blockchain Technology on Financial Reporting in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of blockchain technology on financial reporting in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study indicated that blockchain's decentralized ledger system enhances transparency and accuracy in financial data recording and reporting. It reduces the risk of fraud and manipulation due to its immutable nature, ensuring that transactions are securely recorded and traceable. This technology streamlines processes, such as auditing and reconciliation, leading to cost savings and increased efficiency for SMEs. Additionally, blockchain's real-time data availability improves decision-making capabilities and enhances trust among stakeholders. However, challenges such as regulatory compliance and implementation costs remain, requiring careful consideration for SMEs looking to adopt blockchain for financial reporting. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Diffusion of innovations theory, agency theory and resource-based view may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the impact of blockchain technology on financial reporting in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan. In practice, SMEs are encouraged to initiate pilot projects that leverage blockchain-based financial reporting solutions. On the policy front, advocating for regulatory clarity and supportive frameworks is essential to promote blockchain adoption among SMEs.

THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE ON THE SUSTAINABILITY PERFORMANCE OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: MEDIATING ROLE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP

The history of sustainability rooted back in 1800s, yet the concept was practically adopted in business in 1980’s. Sustainability gain popularity after the SDGs in 2017, and higher education institutions (HEIs) has also adopted sustainability measures in their businesses. This study explores the impact of organizational change on transformational leadership and sustainable performance. Climate of change, process of change and readiness for change are used as the dimensions of change and for sustainable performance the dimensions used are economic performance, social performance, and environmental performance. Furthermore, the mediating effect of transformational leadership between organisational change and sustainable performance. The institutional theory and resource-based view theory are employed to explain the relationship among variables in the conceptual framework in Malaysian context. This is a quantitative, cross-sectional study which adopts positivist approach and self-administered questionnaire are adapted from previous research. The stratified random sampling technique will be used to collect data from higher education institutions (HEIs) in West Malaysia.

Структурные метаморфозы политических процессов на пороге посткапиталистической эпохи: новые акторы, интеракции и феномены

The author of the study addresses the peculiarities of structural changes in political processes in the context of an interformational transition caused by the crisis of objective capitalist production relations. Based on the analysis of the dynamic model of the political process by G. Almond and J. The author concludes that modern political and economic transformations no longer allow us to effectively describe the structure of the political process from the point of view of established theoretical models built in the era of stable economic growth. Changes in the actor-resource base of political processes, generating new actors and modernizing the resource base of political interactions, are explained by the transition to network and horizontal management formats that destroy capitalist verticals and hierarchies. The author identifies new types of political actors and resources, and also attempts to describe the trends of their interaction through the prism of economic and technological transformations. In addition, it is suggested that it is more logical to study the structure of the political process in modern conditions from the point of view of actor-network theory, focused on the description of "assemblies" that take into account the multifactorial and chaotic nature of politics.

Analysis of Phase Transitions of Thermoresponsive Polymer Based on N-Vinylcaprolactam and 2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate in Solutions from the Information Theory Point of View

A new method for analyzing phase transitions in solutions of thermoresponsive polymers is proposed, based on determining the amount of information contained in the curve describing the phase transition. The method is based on the use of an analogy with the Nyquist-Shannon-Kotelnikov theorem, which allows us to bring the analysis of a continuous function to the analysis of its values at discrete points, as well as the results of studies of slowly changing signals from the point of view of modern information theory. This analogy allows us to determine the minimum number of parameters that describe the phase transition. The proposed method was tested using the example of phase transitions in solutions of thermoresponsive copolymers of N-vinylcaprolactam with 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate of various compositions. The effectiveness of this method has been demonstrated; in particular, it has been shown that the number of parameters that describe the phase transition in this case does not exceed four. The possibilities of using the proposed method for constructing a classification of phase transitions in solutions of stimulus-sensitive polymers are discussed.

Relative Frequency Controversies and the Growth of Biological Knowledge

Relative frequency controversies, so common in the biological sciences, pose something of a puzzle. Why do biologists routinely engage in disputes that (a) are rarely settled and (b) arguably wouldn’t yield interesting knowledge even if they were? Recent work suggests that relative frequency controversies can lead biologists to increase their understanding of the modal profile of the processes under dispute. Here, we consider some further consequences of this view. We contend that relative frequency controversies can generate recurrent, transient underdetermination about which causes are responsible for producing particular effects. As a result, the increases in understanding these controversies provide can come with decreases in biologists’ ability to offer warranted explanations. We argue that this fits with a toolkit view of biological theory, and suggest some implications for the scientific realism debate as it pertains to biological science.

Modeling action: Recasting the causal theory

AbstractContemporary action theory is generally concerned with giving theories of action ontology. In this paper, we make the novel proposal that the standard view in action theory—the Causal Theory of Action—should be recast as a “model,” akin to the models constructed and investigated by scientists. Such models often consist in fictional, hypothetical, or idealized structures, which are used to represent a target system indirectly via some resemblance relation. We argue that recasting the Causal Theory as a model can not only accomplish the goals of causal theorists, but also give the theory greater flexibility in responding to common objections.

STUDI LITERATUR: ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR BURSA EFEK INDONESIA DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF SIGNALING THEORY

This article aims to analyze the financial performance of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange from a signaling theory perspective. This research uses a descriptive-qualitative approach by looking at secondary data literature. The data sources obtained come from scientific publications, papers, and articles that summarize information relevant to the research topic. Sample selection is carried out by observing and analyzing various information related to the research to combine research findings that are the same as the researcher's topic. The research results explain that financial performance analysis can be used as information in decision-making. The signaling theory view indicates that companies will try to provide positive signals or information to investors through the company's annual report, in which financial information is presented.

Application Of Skinner's Behaviorist Learning Theory In Learning Arabic Speaking Proficiency/ Penerapan Teori Belajar Behavioristik Skinner Dalam Pembelajaran Maharah Kalam

Skinner's behaviorist theory is a behavior change caused by the interaction between stimulus and response. This theory views learning as a change in student behavior. The purpose of this study is to describe B.F. Skinner's behaviorist theory, its implementation in Arabic speaking skill/ Maharah Kalam learning, and the problems in its application. The research method used is a literature study with a qualitative approach. Research results 1. Behaviorist learning theory is a behavior change caused by the interaction between stimulus and response. This theory views learning as a change in student behavior. 2. Implementing behaviorism for Maharah Kalam learning includes introducing and creating a conducive environment, using supporting learning media, and providing reinforcement as a positive response to student behavior. Applying Skinner's behaviorist theory has proven effective in Maharah Kalam's learning, especially in creating a supportive learning environment and providing positive reinforcement. 3. The problems in its application include internal factors, such as intelligence, which influences their ability to adapt to the environment when learning Arabic, especially in learning to communicate in that language.

From turbulence to resilience: A bibliometric insight into the complex interactions between energy price volatility and green finance

Given the growing concerns over climate change and energy price dynamics, this study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of energy price volatility (turbulence) and the resilience of green financial markets. Using data from Scopus from 1994 to October 2023, we employ performance analysis, science mapping, and thematic analysis through bibliometric study. Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH), Game Theory, Dynamic Capabilities, and Resource-based view provide solid theoretical foundations for understanding these dynamics. Our findings reveal four critical themes: sustainable development in the green energy sector, technological innovations and renewable energy integration, economic foundations and investment dynamics in green financial markets, and environmental impact and policy influence. The analysis highlights the pivotal role of green finance in mitigating energy market fluctuations and promoting sustainable development. Policymakers and practitioners should leverage innovative green financing strategies to enhance economic resilience and drive long-term sustainable development. We propose thought-provoking questions to guide future research on these themes.

Max Weber and the Cultural Evolution

Max Weber’s ambivalent view of evolutionary theory has sparked ongoing debate. While rejecting simplistic social Darwinism, his writings reveal an implicit evolutionary logic underlying broader cultural transformations. Across multiple works, Weber modeled cultural change through the interplay between charismatic innovation and institutional order. This paper argues Weber provides a sophisticated model of cultural evolution by elucidating the relationship between these two forces. The aim is to demonstrate how framing Weber’s dichotomy in evolutionary terms offers novel insight into his nuanced vision of social change.

How does green entrepreneurial orientation improve enterprises' sustainable performance? Evidence from agricultural sector in China

AbstractSustainable development of enterprises has attracted the attention of scholars and practitioners. Green entrepreneurship, as an important way to provide eco‐friendly products and solve environmental problems, is a key way for the sustainable development of enterprises. However, due to the disadvantage faced by enterprises in pursuing costly sustainable actions, existing research on whether green entrepreneurial orientation (GEO) can bring about sustainable performance improvement has not yet reached a consensus, and the path and mechanism of transforming GEO into sustainable performance also need further exploration. Based on the Natural‐Resource‐Based View (NRBV), Entrepreneurial Orientation Theory and Dynamic Capability View (DCV), this study examines the impact of GEO on sustainable performance, the mediating role and chain mediating role of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition (EOR), and business model innovation (BMI). The results based on 207 agricultural enterprises reveal that: (a) GEO positively influences economic performance, environmental performance, and social performance; (b) EOR and BMI play mediating roles in the above relationships; (c) GEO can also indirectly affects sustainable performance through the chain mediating effect of EOR and BMI. The research results provide a new theoretical perspective for understanding the key antecedents of sustainable performance of enterprises, further open the “black box” of the mechanism between GEO and sustainable performance, expand the NRBV, Entrepreneurial Orientation Theory and DCV, and provide practical implications for green transformation in the agricultural sector and promoting its sustainable development.

Antecedents of big data analytics and artificial intelligence adoption on operational performance: the ChatGPT platform

PurposeThis study aims to measure the integrated impact of big data analytics and artificial intelligence (BDA-AI) adoption by using the ChatGPT generative AI online platform as a BDA-AI tool on the operational and environmental performance.Design/methodology/approachThis study considers Taiwanese professionals who engage with ChatGPT; the sample consists of 388 online users.FindingsThis study’s main finding is that the considered antecedents – including technological, organizational and environmental contexts, tangible resources and workforce skills – are significantly associated with BDA-AI adoption. Notably, BDA-AI adoption exhibits a significant relationship with operational performance, environmental performance and environmental process integration. Moreover, environmental process integration is significantly correlated with environmental performance. Lastly, operational performance is significantly correlated with environmental performance.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the heavily lacking but developing literature on the antecedents and consequences of BDA-AI adoption. Its theoretical foundation consists of the technological-organizational-environmental model, Roger’s diffusion of innovation theory and resource-based view theory.

The role of relationship commitment in managing logistics outsourcing in the digital economy

PurposeDigitalization brings complexity and challenges to the relationship governance between logistics outsourcers and their providers. Drawn on resource dependence theory (RDT) and resource-based view (RBV), this study aims to examine the role of relationship commitment in simultaneously managing dependence and improving operational performance in logistics outsourcing in the digital economy, as well as the contingent factors (i.e. communication, relationship length, and company size) that affect the effectiveness of relationship commitment.Design/methodology/approachBased on data collected from 130 third-party logistics (3PL) users in China, our model was tested with the partial least squares (PLS) approach.FindingsFirst, relationship commitment is necessary for 3PL users to manage dependence on 3PL providers and improve operational performance in the digital economy. Second, communication helps 3PL users to develop higher relationship commitment but weakens the motivating effect of dependence on relationship commitment. Third, a long relationship history develops inertia to diminish the effectiveness of dependence on driving relationship commitment while it boosts the impact of relationship commitment on operational performance. Last, company size is an important signal to amplify the effectiveness of relationship commitment for operational performance enhancement.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the logistics outsourcing literature by integrating RDT and RBV to explain the twofold roles of relationship commitment, simultaneously tackling dependence and enhancing operational performance in the digital economy. Additionally, it expands the understanding of the boundary conditions (e.g. communication, relationship length, and company size) on these twofold roles.

The Impact of Smart Room Technology on Guest Satisfaction and Operational Efficiency

Purpose: The general objective of the study was to investigate the impact of smart room technology on guest satisfaction and operational efficiency. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the impact of smart room technology on guest satisfaction and operational efficiency. Preliminary empirical review revealed that smart room technology significantly enhanced guest satisfaction and operational efficiency in the hospitality industry. It found that technologies like automated lighting, climate control, and voice-activated assistants provided guests with greater convenience and personalization, leading to increased satisfaction. Additionally, these technologies reduced energy consumption and labor costs, improving overall operational performance. Despite the benefits, challenges such as high initial costs and the need for technological literacy among staff and guests were noted. The study recommended comprehensive training programs and guest education initiatives to address these issues, ultimately advocating for the continued adoption and investment in smart room technologies to drive innovation and efficiency in the industry. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Diffusion of Innovations Theory and Resource-Based View (RBV). The study recommended integrating smart room technologies within existing hospitality management theories and emphasized the need for comprehensive models addressing user interaction and technological literacy. Practically, it advised hotels to invest in impactful smart technologies, implement robust staff training, and adopt a phased approach to technology adoption. Policy recommendations included creating frameworks to incentivize smart technology investment, ensuring data security, and updating hospitality curricula to include smart technology management. The study also called for ongoing research into the long-term impacts of smart room technology on guest satisfaction and operational efficiency. Keywords: Voice-Activated Assistants, Automated Climate Control, Smart Lighting, Training Programs, Phased Adoption, Data Security