Views Of Scholars Research Articles

The definition of the state value in terms of functional quintessence

The article examines the issue of the quintessence of the State's axiology in terms of functional definition. For the purpose of the study, the scientific issue is divided into components which are the substantive elements of the scientific problem. First of all, the issue of the essence of the State as a legal phenomenon is revealed, which is the main basis for the emergence of the scientific problem. The relevant views of scholars on the definition of the State are also considered. It has been concluded that the State is a sovereign, political and territorial organisation of society, on the territory of which there are authorities, legal system and taxation system, as well as other additional elements. The author further provides the features inherent in the State which constitute its ontology.
 Based on a comprehensive analysis of the essence of the concept of “state”, the article presents some theories of the origin of the state which reflect the purpose of its emergence and existence. The most common theories of the origin of the State include: patriarchal, contractual, violence, organic, and psychological. After analysing some of the theories, the author concludes that the purpose of the State’s emergence and existence is to unite society, resolve disputes and develop it.
 The quintessence and diversity of the functions of the State are analysed. As a result, it has been concluded that the functions of the State are a set of activities and processes whose impact is directed at society. Differentiation of functions also has different manifestations. Some scholars distinguish between basic and additional functions, some – internal and external. Internal functions include, for example, regulatory, defence, etc., while external functions include diplomatic and economic (in the context of foreign activities). Based on the analysis of the functions of the State which reflect the directions of its influence on society and which are regulatory in nature (and the very essence of the State is organisational in nature), the article concludes that the axiology of the State in terms of the functional definition is to organise society with the help of its inherent properties and to regulate social relations on the basis of its existing functions with a view to social development.

Specific features of obtaining and using electronic evidence in criminal proceedings

The relevance and importance of this research is due to the fact that scientific and technological progress and rapid development of information technology in all spheres of public life have significantly influenced the emergence of new types of criminal offences. Criminals are using computer systems and other portable devices to commit unlawful acts with increasing frequency. Today, many criminal offences are being committed with the help of information technology around the world, ranging from simple online fraud to the threat of a territorial act. Therefore, one of the ways to record (document) such illegal activities effectively is to obtain (collect) electronic evidence by law enforcement agencies in criminal proceedings. In this regard, the key role is played by evidence, which helps to form an evidence base that makes it possible to notify a person of suspicion, send an indictment to the court and make a final court decision on the guilt (innocence) of a person in committing a particular criminal offence. Achievement of this objective undoubtedly necessitates a specific legal procedure for seizure of electronic evidence in criminal proceedings, which is not yet clearly defined in terms of its collection, leading to numerous cases of courts declaring such evidence inadmissible.
 In the course of the scientific research, the author of the article analyses the views of scholars on the interpretation of the concept of electronic evidence; provides the legislative interpretation of this term (unlike the CPC of Ukraine, other procedural codes enshrine the concept of electronic evidence); studies the case law on the issue of electronic evidence being admissible/inadmissible; and identifies the main features of electronic evidence, etc.
 Given the fact that the Russian Federation commits war crimes on the territory of Ukraine on a daily basis, the author states the need to collect and record evidence of such crimes from open sources, which will further ensure the prosecution of the perpetrators.
 In the course of studying the specific features of obtaining and using electronic evidence in criminal proceedings, the author applied general scientific and special scientific methods, in particular, dialectical, formal and logical, and comparative legal methods. The interrelated use of these methods allowed for a comprehensive study, where each of these methods was used at a certain stage of the examination of the specific features of obtaining and using electronic evidence in criminal proceedings.

Menafsir Ulang Hijab: Dinamika dan Makna Dalam Konteks Global

This article discusses the dynamics of wearing jilbab and its meaning in the context of globalization, focusing on the influence of cultural globalization on norms, values, and lifestyles in religious traditions. This research is a qualitative study using a netnography approach with data obtained from the response of the Indramayu Muslim fashion griya whatsApp group. This article discusses the evolution of the concept of hijab from a separator between free women and slaves to a tool to protect women's private parts from prying eyes. In addition, the article also highlights the different views on hijab, including the views of contemporary scholars and the impact of globalization on the views and practices of hijab in contemporary society. Thus, this article highlights how globalization, fashion trends, religious identity, and cultural values affect the dynamics of hijab and its meaning in contemporary society.

Afghan Scholars’ Response to Perspectives on the Afghanistan War: Arrogant Conquest; Disgraceful Withdrawal

In response to the special issue on the Afghanistan War published by Armed Forces & Society, this article offers alternative perspectives regarding America’s longest war from the point of view of scholars who experienced the war firsthand and continue to live in its aftermath. We argue that Afghanistan was invaded by Western militaries who came to experience political failures and moral regrets. The soil could be conquered, but the Afghan nation has always strictly rejected foreign rulers and dictations. As our research critically evaluated the special issue articles published in the Armed Forces and Society Journal, we believe these articles fall short of reasonable analysis by only considering and analyzing the military strategies, war tactics, and failed stabilization efforts in Afghanistan. Civilian casualties owing to military operations by U.S.-led forces, not establishing an inclusive central government, strong resistance of the Taliban, ignoring the Afghan nation’s core ambitions, Pakistan’s double game policy, and high level of corruption led the U.S. to defeat. Nevertheless, we conclude that the U.S. approach to getting revenge for 9/11 victims and restoring their dignity through banzai attacks, blind bombardments, and night raids in civilians’ homes in Afghan cities and villages and taking innocent lives must be recognized, remembered, and condemned.

On the Etymology of the Avestan Personal Name pourušaspa-

Abstract This article discusses the formation and meaning of the Avestan personal name of Zarathuštra’s father, pourušaspa-. Taking side with the current scholarly view on the etymology and meaning of the word, i.e., *pourušāspa- → pourušaspa- ‘one who has grey horses’, it is argued here that the shortening of the vowel can be explained by an analogical model in Wištāsp Yašt 1.2, where pourušaspa- m. is described as pouru.aspa- ‘having many horses’. The article also challenges the view that Wištāsp Yašt 1.2 is a recent text.

Женские образы пьесы А. Н. Островского «Гроза» в переводческой рецепции Гэн Цзичжи

The aim of the research is to identify the peculiarities of perception and reconstruction of the female characters of A. N. Ostrovsky’s play “The Storm” in the first Chinese translation of the play by Geng Jizhi, a literary scholar and translator. Through the comparative analysis, the translation strategies are determined, taking into account the peculiarities of the translator’s perception and interpretation of the female characters. Among them, Geng Jizhi’s interpretation of Katerina’s image is particularly concerned, which has affected the view of Chinese scholars on Katerina’s image, that is, she is a strong character with a “storm” personality. The scientific novelty of this research lies in the fact that it is the first to specifically study the translation reception of the play “The Storm” in China and to consider the peculiarities of the female characters’ perception and recreation in Chinese. The research reveals that the translator hopes to retain the national color of Ostrovsky’s play and reproduce the characters’ speech, behavior and their personality traits. But at the same time, in Geng Jizhi’s translation, Kabanova’s and Varvara’s characters are more introverted and Feklusha’s comic features become less obvious. The translator carefully reproduces the poetic and picturesque monologues of Katerina in the first few scenes of the play, but with the development of the conflict, he shortens the lyric fragments, changes the tone of the lines and thus creates a more resolute and strong character. The Chinese translator’s understanding and reconstruction of the female characters in Ostrovsky’s play are influenced by the linguistic features of the original work, Chinese cultural traditions and the necessity of adapting texts for stage performances. The interpretation of Katerina’s image is influenced by N. A. Dobrolyubov’s interpretation of her figure and the history and literary situation of China, which needed strong and active protagonists in artistic works.

Some issues of privatization of land of state and municipal agricultural enterprises, institutions and organizations

The article is devoted to certain issues arising in the sphere of privatization of lands of state and communal agricultural enterprises, institutions and organizations.
 The article notes that the works of domestic scholars are devoted to certain topical issues of privatization of land of state and communal agricultural enterprises, institutions and organizations. The scientific views of scholars on this issue are analyzed.
 The author emphasizes that today certain issues of the procedure for privatization of land of state and municipal agricultural enterprises, institutions and organizations, as well as preservation and restoration of the land of these entities, remain almost unexplored. Of particular concern is the qualitative condition of the reserve fund lands which are in state or communal ownership.
 The article outlines the specific features and peculiarities of privatization of lands of state and municipal agricultural enterprises, institutions and organizations.
 The author distinguishes between privatization of land of state and municipal agricultural enterprises, institutions and organizations and land division of former collective agricultural enterprises.
 The specifics of privatization of lands of state and municipal agricultural enterprises, institutions and organizations are investigated. The author emphasizes the specific range of subjects, the complex legal composition, and the special legal regime of the land share (unit).
 The author analyses the practical aspects of the procedure for privatization of land of state and municipal agricultural enterprises, institutions and organizations.
 The author makes a conclusion about the complexity and multi-stage nature of the procedure for privatization of land of state and municipal agricultural enterprises, institutions and organizations.
 Particular attention is paid to the issues of creating a reserve fund for land privatization and ensuring its quality.

Victims or villains? How editorial cartoons depict the 2023 Israel – Palestine war

Abstract Study purpose The study analyzed online editorial cartoons depicting the Israel-Palestine conflict through visual, symbolic, metaphorical, and textual analysis. The study reveals a prevailing anti-war sentiment across editorial cartoons, with a notable inclination towards supporting Palestine. This support was prominent in cartoons originating from the Global South, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa. However, there was a scarcity of such cartoons within mainstream Western media. Methodology The study employs an in-depth approach, analyzing cartoons from both Western and non-Western media. It utilizes Multimodal Discourse Analysis (MDA) and Multimodal Semiotics (MS) theories, focusing on symbolism and text to decode nuanced narratives within the cartoons. Main findings The cartoons depict complex narratives, using symbolism to explain how politicians and the main media are framing specific entities while undermining victimology. They reveal subjective perspectives that influence audience perceptions. They echo existing scholarly views on the influential power of editorial cartoons in communicating complex political concepts. Social implications The cartoons shape public understanding of the conflict, potentially influencing biases and perspectives. They present Hamas as both an aggressor and a victim, portraying multifaceted perceptions of the group. Practical implications The findings are instrumental in depicting political identities, including major organizations like the UN. The boldness in depicting such entities provides a practical avenue for understanding the role of such organizations. Originality/value The study adds to the existing literature by applying multimodal analysis to editorial cartoons, unveiling hidden narratives and perceptions. It suggests the need for a deeper analysis of the conflict’s historical, geopolitical, and power structures. This research offers a multifaceted understanding of how editorial cartoons shape perceptions and interpretations of the Israel-Palestine conflict, emphasizing their complex and influential nature within media discourse.

Evaluating the Role of Sustainable Leadership and Technology Integration in Enhancing the Environmental and Social Responsibility of the UAE Banking Sector

This paper analyzes the role of sustainable leadership and technology integration in increasing the environmental and social responsibility of the UAE banking sector. Banks are prominent agents in creating sustainability through their financing activities and processes. Sustainable leadership is more than pursuing profit motives; it includes moral and inclusive decision-making for positive environmental and social impact. Sustainable leadership and enabling technologies contribute to a bank's sustainability indicators. A qualitative literature review combined the scholarly views in this field. Twenty recent peer-reviewed papers were thematically analyzed. This revealed how sustainable bank leaders adopt collaborative approaches involving stakeholders in creating sustainability solutions. Their values-based leadership focuses on long-term impacts and integrating environmental and social factors in bank strategies. Sustainability technologies like AI, big data and blockchain offer tools to implement these strategies. The analysis found that technology aids sustainable leaders in improving banks' eco-efficiency, reducing emissions, managing risks, increasing renewable financing and enabling financial inclusion. This enhances their environmental and social responsibility. Stakeholders like customers, employees and investors generally favour such sustainability integration. However, concerns exist around potential tradeoffs, profitability impacts and the depth of banks' commitment. The review also uncovered implementation challenges, including costs, data deficiencies, staff capabilities and cultural change. Smaller banks significantly lag more prominent entities. Radical strategic realignment rather than incremental changes is required. Public policy plays a crucial role through reporting requirements, emission limits and support frameworks. The limitations of this qualitative synthesis point to future research directions. Statistical meta-analyses could increase the generalizability of findings. Surveys and interviews with experts would provide rich primary data. Comparative analyses of technologies and leadership styles driving the most robust sustainability results would reveal best practices. Longitudinal studies can elucidate the evolution of banks' sustainability approaches over time. In-depth case studies of smaller banks would uncover constraints and potential solutions for mainstreaming sustainability. Action research pilots can test mechanisms to instil sustainable leadership thinking. Policy analyses can identify regulatory measures to accelerate progress. In conclusion, sustainable leadership and technology integration are essential enablers, but not guarantees, of elevating bank sustainability. Realizing their transformative potential requires bank leaders to move from rhetoric to resolute, broad-based action. This necessitates radical strategic reorientation, not just incremental improvements. Multi-stakeholder collaboration is vital, alongside supportive public policies and ongoing research. Sustainable leadership and technologies must remain central in catalyzing a systemic transition towards responsible banking aligned with urgent sustainability imperatives.

Students’ and Governments’ Entanglements in Ghana’s Political Transition: How (Not) to Understand Students’ Relations with Civilian and Military Regimes, 1960–92

Abstract: Students’ relations with postindependence Ghanaian military regimes have generally been portrayed as positive, yet comparative analysis of the relational dynamics across regime types—military and civilian—is inadequate. This article addresses this knowledge gap using a historical content analytic approach based on original archival and interview data. We argue that strategic and group interests ambiguously influenced students’ entanglement with military and civilian governments, though revolutions initially attracted more support because of their populist political ideologies and development aspirations. This fluctuating pattern of relations, which birthed Ghana’s Fourth Republic, implies that students were concerned mainly with national development beyond ideologically oriented regime leanings. The article thus modifies the predominant scholarly view of African youth, which holds that students have aided or been predisposed to nondemocratic governance and political instability.

Nikah Muda: The Hijrah Movement of Anti-Dating Communities from Progressive to Conservative in Indonesia (A Critical Study of Hadith)

The proliferation of hijrah groups among youth has had a significant impact, with positive outcomes such as enhanced religious understanding among teenagers and an increase in the adoption of more Islamic attire. However, this has also brought about negative consequences, including the dissemination of radical and textual interpretations, leading to conservatism. This article aims to uncover the controversy surrounding early marriage among Muslim millennials, driven by a tendency towards textual religious understanding. The research employs a qualitative method, drawing primary data from social media platforms of anti-dating millennial communities and online Islamic organizations in Indonesia. Secondary data were sourced from books, journals, and other relevant articles. The research findings indicate that controversy arises from the selection of hadith texts and differing interpretation methods. Anti-dating communities use motivational hadiths to support early marriage, employing a literal textual understanding related to sexual motivation, religious and individual piety, the vision of a happy family, emulation of the Prophet's marriage, and assurance of sustenance from Allah. Conversely, scholars use hadiths to reject early marriages with contextual understanding. The disregard of the youth for the views of scholars opposing early marriage indicates a shift in religious authority among Muslim millennials from traditional figures to influencers popular on social media. Early marriage reflects the hybridization of the religious identity of Muslim millennials, maintaining religious values while remaining trendy and cool. The re-reading of hadiths is conducted by examining the social-historical context and contemporary circumstances within the discourse of modernity.

О насилии как признаке объективной стороны преступления, предусмотренного ст. 156 УК РФ

The article explores the issue of violent acts through the disclosure of the content of the term “illtreatment”, through which the objective side of the crime provided for in Article 156 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation can be carried out. The issue is highlighted by the author on the basis of a systematic analysis and interpretation of criminal law norms, the studied judicial practice of courts of general jurisdiction, explanations of the highest judicial instance, as well as the points of view of legal scholars expressed on the pages of the legal literature.

PIERCING LAW FOR MUSLIMS IN THE VIEWS OF AL-GHAZALI AND IBN HAJAR AL-HAITAMI

This research aims to analyze the views of Islamic jurists on the use of piercing in a beautification context. The piercing phenomenon is widespread among Muslims, both men and women, in various Islamic countries. This research uses a qualitative type with a library research approach. This research methodology involves a comprehensive analysis of the views of various scholars and interpretations of verses from al-Qur’an, hadith, and fiqh books related to the topic of piercing in the context of religious law. From this research, the results showed that several scholars had different perspectives regarding this problem. Imam Ibnu Hajar al-Haitami considers piercing women's ears for jewelry purposes is permissible because it is part of <em>'urf</em> (habit). However, al-Ghazali emphasized that piercing or self-harm and not permitted. There are prohibitions for men regarding piercing. Imam Ghazali and Ibn Hajar al-Haitami agree that nose piercing on women and men is forbidden because of the potential to cause painful wounds. Apart from that, making decorations in places other than ears is also prohibited because it can resemble the practices of infidels, wicked or immoral people. As a devout Muslim need to be careful and aware of the beautification jurisprudence so that it is under the principles and objectives of Islamic law.

Pandangan Lembaga Keagamaan Kota Medan Tentang Ajaran Islam Salafi dan Kristen Kharismatik

This research aims to describe what is meant by Salafi Islam and Christian Christianity and what the MUI views regarding the teachings of Charismatic Islam. This research is a type of library research. This research uses a phenomenological approach with comparative theory. The phenomenological approach seeks to let reality reveal itself naturally. The data sources for this research are library materials in the form of books, writings, encyclopedias, journals and other sources relevant to this topic. The results of this research show that Salafi and Charismatic Christian teachings are two religious sects that have quite striking differences in beliefs, practices and approaches. theological. According to the view of Islamic scholars, Salafis prioritize a literal and literal understanding of the Qur'an, emphasize monotheism, and reject the practice of heresy. They try to maintain Islamic practices which they believe are in accordance with the initial teachings. On the other hand, Charismatic Christians prioritize spiritual experiences and the gifts of the Holy Spirit in Christian life. They believe that the Holy Spirit is active in providing gifts such as speaking in tongues, spiritual healing, and other charismatic experiences.

КОРПОРАТИВНА СОЦІАЛЬНА ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНІСТЬ – ЗАПОРУКА СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ БІЗНЕСУ

The concept of corporate social responsibility has evolved significantly and has become an important basis for scientific research and for formulating public policy on economic development in different countries of the world. Under the influence of globalization, businesses are expanding their operations internationally, which leads to increased responsibility to different cultures, social groups and the environment in the conditions of increased competition and changes in consumer behavior. In today's world, corporate social responsibility is not only becoming a widespread trend, but also a requirement for successful business. Growing consumer awareness, increasing environmental and social concerns, and the globalization of the economy make corporate social responsibility strategically important for any company committed to long-term development. Moreover, a socially responsible business has a number of advantages over its competitors. Corporate social responsibility is an integral part of modern business. The article considers corporate social responsibility of business, examines different views of scholars on the concept of "social responsibility", theoretical and practical aspects of corporate social responsibility, and the impact of corporate social responsibility on modern enterprises. The results of studies on the impact of corporate social responsibility on the life of enterprises are analyzed. The approaches to social responsibility are analyzed and the main reasons for implementing corporate social responsibility practices are formulated. The practices of social responsibility of well-known companies on the example of Nike, McDonald's and Starbucks are studied.The main steps that can be effective for developing a corporate social responsibility strategy for business are formulated.

Criticism of Fatima Mernissi's Understanding of Misogynistic Hadith on Women's Leadership

Discussions on women's leadership in various areas of life attract the attention of many groups; both fuqaha, mufassir, and hadith experts. Differences of opinion are inevitable. The basis of this debate stems from an understanding of the hadith which textually seems to prohibit women from becoming leaders. This scientific article presents the debate on women's leadership based on the hadith texts of the Prophet Muhammad and the views of hadith scholars, mufassir and fuqaha. In fact, leadership is not in terms of mahdhah worship or rituals that do not recognize sex or gender. Leadership demands competence or skill and a person's worthiness in leading, not gender.

Characteristics of the subject of official forgery: based on the analysis of law enforcement practice

The article examines the views of various scholars on the definition of the subject of a criminal offense in general and the elements of forgery in particular. The author analyzes the report of the Prosecutor General’s Office of Ukraine for 2019-2022 on the commission of a criminal offense under Article 366 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The author examines, among other things, socio-demographic, socio­role, moral, psychological and criminal law features of the personality structure of a criminal committing forgery. An attempt is made to identify the main features inherent in the subject of this criminal offense. The main attention is paid to the construction of his criminological portrait and determination of the functional relevance of such information.
 In the study of the characteristic features inherent in the subject of criminal forgery, an important place is given to the personality structure of the offender who commits this crime. This structure is a set of his/her socially significant qualities that have developed in the process of various interactions with other people. The analysis of the characteristic features of such a person also involves the maximum consideration of psychological characteristics and biologically determined qualities, which in turn determine human behavior, including criminal behavior. Therefore, it should be taken into account that these qualities have a significant impact on criminal behavior. Thus, the subject of forgery is characterized by a system of signs, properties, qualities that define him/her as a person who has committed a criminal offense.
 The author provides a criminological and socio-psychological characterization of the subject of forgery, analyzes the demographic, moral and social characteristics of such a person, as well as his/ her anti-social criminal behavior, and provides a substantiation of the socio-psychological portrait of a criminal who commits a criminal offense under Article 366 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Such a person is also characterized by a certain system of moral and psychological beliefs, properties, attitudes, intellectual, emotional and volitional qualities. Given the above, the characterization of an official as part of this criminal offense has specific features that are determined by the peculiar official status of such a person and significantly distinguish it from the general characterization of the subject of the criminal offense.

Human Security of Inuit and Sámi in the 21st Century: The Canadian and Finnish Cases

In a changing territorial and geopolitical moment of the Arctic region, are the Indigenous Peoples Organizations heard at the regional level and are the Arctic states working to keep them safe and secure? To safeguard the human security of Arctic Indigenous peoples, Arctic states (and their governments) have to understand the needs and changes that are affecting their way of life as well as to be able to cooperate between them. In a comparative study of Canada’s and Finland’s Arctic policies—<em>Canada’s Arctic and Northern Policy Framework</em> (2019) and <em>Finland’s Strategy for Arctic Policy</em> (2021)—it is possible to identify the applicability of the human security approach, which is influenced by the truth and reconciliation process between Canada and Inuit and Finland and Sámi. This process is a main factor in having their human rights respected and their human security safeguarded, considering that the relation between the countries of the North and the South of the Arctic countries is a discovery of their diversity (linguistical and cultural) in the 21st century. In my perspective, and for a participative democracy to be applied as mentioned by the green political theory (following the views of scholars like Barry, Eckersley, and Goodin), states and governments need to be open and recognise the gaps identified by those communities and transnational organisations.

Childfree Perspective Imam Syafii and Ulama Jamaah Tabligh in Bandar Lampung City

The childfree phenomenon has sparked debates in Indonesian society for its pronatalist and religious values. The act of choosing to be childfree is feared to create a crisis in future human resources. This study aims to describe the views of Imam Shafi’i and compare them with the views of scholars from the Tabligh Jamaat in the city of Bandar Lampung regarding childfree. This research adopts a qualitative comparative approach, with informants being scholars from the Tabligh Jamaat in the city of Bandar Lampung. Data were obtained through interviews. The results of the study indicate that Imam Shafi’i did not specifically discuss childfree; he linked it to the practice of ’azl as a means of preventing pregnancy. Imam Shafi’i allows individuals to not have offspring, but such an act is considered leaving behind virtues and not following the Prophet’s Sunnah. On the other hand, scholars from the Tabligh Jamaat believe that childfree is not prohibited in Islam, but Islam strongly encourages the multiplication of offspring. The existence of the Muslim community is essential for the development and expansion of Islamic da’wah. Having righteous children is the greatest investment that will eventually intercede for their parents. The common ground between the two opinions is that both allow for childfree and view it as an act that forsakes marital virtues. The difference lies in the fact that Imam Shafi’i merely considers it as leaving behind virtues and opposing human nature, while scholars from the Tabligh Jamaat perceive Muslims who choose to be childfree as incurring great loss. The act of being childfree contradicts the concept of tanâsul, which entails permanently cutting off progeny.
 Keywords: Childfree, Imam Syafi’i, Ulama Jama’ah Tabligh

The Essence of Education: Views of Classical and Contemporary Scholars

This research aims to describe the nature of education according to the thoughts of educational experts in the classical and contemporary eras. Ibnu Miskawaih, Al-Qabisi, and Imam Al Ghozali represent the classical era. At the same time, contemporary-era thinkers will explore the views of Mohammed Arkoun, M. Amin Abdullah, and Fazlur Rahman. This research uses a qualitative approach to the type of library research. The data collection technique uses documentation from written sources/references from books, research results and relevant research journals. The data analysis technique is carried out in data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The research results state that classical era experts' views regarding the nature of education are how education can form people who are faithful and devout; education should pay attention to the formation of Islamic morals and character. Meanwhile, in the contemporary era, experts see a dichotomy in education. The results of this research provide several solutions to ensure that education does not have dichotomies between religion and science in the world of education, which is differentiated from general education and religious education.