Views Of Others Research Articles

Stigma, menstrual etiquette, and identity work: examining female exercisers’ experiences during menstruation

ABSTRACT This paper addressed the identity work of female exercisers during menstruation. Specifically, we considered (a) behavioural expectations attached to the sport and exercise role identity during menstruation, (b) menstruation as a discreditable stigma, and (c) the impression management strategies that exercisers put in place to successfully enact the desired sport and exercise role identity during menstruation. Data were generated via 30 semi-structured interviews with female exercisers from diverse ethnic groups. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using phronetic iterative analysis. Data were interpreted through symbolic interactionist and dramaturgical theorisations of identity, impression management, and stigma. Our analysis highlighted the importance of the sport and exercise role identity, which was reflected in the time and money that the participants invested in their sport and exercise engagement. We illustrated that, during menstruation, behavioural expectations determined the participants’ hidden management of menstrual symptoms to ensure the successful enactment of their desired sport and exercise role identity. This was because menstruation represented a discreditable stigma, a blemish that had to be hidden away from the view of others. Our participants therefore implemented impression management strategies including the use of props (e.g. pain relief), and management of their appearance (e.g. clothing, hair, makeup), manner (e.g. a stoic expression), and staging (e.g. standing at the back of an exercise class) to help with the enactment of their sport and exercise role identity. We believe this study makes a substantial contribution to the literature addressing menstruation within sport and exercise by unpacking the norms and expectations associated with menstruation. In turn, this study is giving voice to the unique needs and experiences of menstruating exercises and with this, contributes to normalising conversations about menstruation and its impact on menstruators’ daily lives.

Navigating Academic Arguments: Teaching Reporting Verbs in Transitional Reading Courses

ABSTRACT Reporting verbs (RVs) are commonly used features in academic texts. While college textbook authors are less likely to be transparent about their views, they frequently employ RVs to signal their attitudes about the claims and findings of others. University students, particularly those placed in transitional reading courses, however, may have limited experience with reading texts that use diverse RVs to add depth and nuance in presenting different arguments and perspectives. To promote students’ academic literacy skills, this paper highlights the importance of RVs and emphasizes their functions in conveying various attitudinal positions in authentic university textbooks. It then offers an instructional approach in which RVs are identified in text discussion to promote reading comprehension. The approach provides explicit instructions on how students could use authentic texts including examples from corpora as guidance for brief writing exercises that stimulate the use of a wide range of appropriate RVs. The paper has implications for helping students develop their authorial voice about reporting the views of others and evaluating the merit of their claims in academic contexts.

Social disconnectedness in psychosis: a qualitative perspective

ABSTRACT Research increasingly highlights the importance of social disconnectedness for the development of psychosis. However, the perspective of individuals with psychosis remains largely underexplored. At present, there is also no comprehensive view of the role of social processes throughout different phases of psychosis development. The current study aims to investigate 1) how individuals with a psychotic disorder experience social disconnection and 2) the role of social disconnection We conducted two focus groups, with individuals diagnosed with a psychotic disorder (N = 8). The data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. We structured the data according to three phases: pre-psychotic early life, development of psychotic symptoms and recovery. The first phase included following themes: “developing distrustful views of others through childhood interpersonal adversity” and “growing up socially isolated”. The second phase had three themes: “increasing separation between common and individual reality perception”, “struggling to share psychotic experiences due to stigma” and “losing relationships due to feeling misunderstood and decreased social functioning”. The final phase encompassed: “accepting psychosis diagnosis through social support”, “grounding influence of others” and “finding purpose through social integration”. In general, individuals with psychosis viewed social disconnectedness as a highly important factor for understanding and treating psychosis.

Tendency to Addiction from the Viewpoints of the Youth and Their Parents Based on the Marketing Model (Com-B), in 2020, Yazd

Introduction: The present research was conducted with the aim of explaining the views of teenagers-the adults and their parents regarding the prevention of drug addiction based on the mixed elements of the marketing model (audience needs, access to services, cost, and communication). Methods: This research was conducted based on a qualitative research method using an exploratory method. 14 teenagers-adults and 10 parents, 24 participants were selected through targeted sampling, from the marginal neighborhoods of Yazd in 2019; the neighborhoods included Maryam Abad, Hassan Abad, and Skan. In total, 2 semi-structured in-depth interviews with parents and 3 focused group discussions were conducted with the presence of teenagers and young people in the neighborhood. In this study, the information, including demographic characteristics, and the results of market analysis were obtained with elements of Communication for Behavioral Impact (COMBI) social marketing model; they were investigated using focus group discussions (FGD) and semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Data were analyzed based on the content analysis method. Results: The qualitative study resulted in 63 codes, 26 subcategories, 4 categories, product, location, cost, and promotion according to the COMBI model structures. Product category or behavioral characteristics, having peace of mind, and seeking independence were mentioned by both groups of parents and the youth as the factors of addiction tendency. But, regarding the cost of addiction, while teenagers and the young people considered the social side effects of drug use, such as losing friends, more important, parents were more concerned about the physical side effects of drugs. Location or environmental and social conditions were important for both groups of parents and the youth. Conclusion: The results showed that although both groups of teenagers-the youth and their parents pointed to the social, environmental, and individual factors of addiction, their intended examples were different in many areas. Parents considered the most important factor in the tendency to drugs addiction to be the structure of the audience's need, having peace of mind, compensating for the sense of deficiencies and the need for independence, and the youth suggested the use of virtual space and creating motivation and awareness campaign to prevent addiction as a suitable method. Perceived costs according to the young people were loss of friends, feeling of rejection, loss of self-confidence, and negative view of others towards addiction. One of the reasons for the tendency towards addiction was mentioned by the young people as the location and easy access to drugs, and the parents said that the suitable place for the tendency towards addiction was having a risky and inappropriate family.

Neural Reward Representations Enable Utilitarian Welfare Maximization.

From deciding which meal to prepare for our guests to trading off the proenvironmental effects of climate protection measures against their economic costs, we often must consider the consequences of our actions for the well-being of others (welfare). Vexingly, the tastes and views of others can vary widely. To maximize welfare according to the utilitarian philosophical tradition, decision-makers facing conflicting preferences of others should choose the option that maximizes the sum of the subjective value (utility) of the entire group. This notion requires comparing the intensities of preferences across individuals. However, it remains unclear whether such comparisons are possible at all and (if they are possible) how they might be implemented in the brain. Here, we show that female and male participants can both learn the preferences of others by observing their choices and represent these preferences on a common scale to make utilitarian welfare decisions. On the neural level, multivariate support vector regressions revealed that a distributed activity pattern in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), a brain region previously associated with reward processing, represented the preference strength of others. Strikingly, also the utilitarian welfare of others was represented in the VMPFC and relied on the same neural code as the estimated preferences of others. Together, our findings reveal that humans can behave as if they maximized utilitarian welfare using a specific utility representation and that the brain enables such choices by repurposing neural machinery processing the reward others receive.

How Prison Dog Programs Challenge the Racial Code in Correctional Settings and Beyond

ABSTRACT As the governing principle of prison dynamics, the racial code is sacrosanct due to the risk of violence that can result if its norms are violated. The setup of these racial arrangements appears immutable, but previous research finds prison-based concepts of race can be temporarily “suspended” during work assignments. This study is the first to draw upon in-depth interviews with formerly incarcerated participants of prison dog programs (PDPs) in a way that not only contributes to the limited body of literature about the racial organization of incarcerated people, but finds that PDP participation results in elemental changes that de-stabilize these racial identities in a lasting way. Specifically, narratives from participants describe how lived experiences in the PDPs lead to internal and interpersonal shifts that dismantle racialized constructs and move toward a humanizing, empathetic view of others. Ultimately, this study finds that changes resulting from participation in the PDP contribute meaningfully to long-term, successful reentry.

Rhinoplasty is a Common Procedure in Plastic Surgery

Rhinoplasty is a surgical procedure that solves aesthetic and functional problems of the nose, such as a protruding nasal septum, humped nose or deviated septum. The nose is the most visible organ on the human body and is therefore the most exposed to the views of others, and for this reason an increasing number of people decide to correct it. In addition to the external deformation, there are also deformations of the internal structures of the nose that cause difficulty breathing

Efek Media Terhadap Sosialisasi: Menjelajahi Peran Televisi dan Platform Media Baru

In the current digital era, mass media has a significant influence on the individual socialization process. Apart from television which has long been the main medium, new media platforms such as social media and other digital platforms are increasingly popular and have become an integral part of everyday life. The aim of this research is to explore the effects of media on socialization, with a focus on the role of television and new media platforms. This study used qualitative research methods. The data collection technique in this research is literature study. The data that has been collected is then analyzed in three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The research results show that television media and new media platforms such as social media have a significant influence on people's behavior and thought patterns. These media influence the way people communicate, obtain information, and form opinions. Social media also allows people to participate in discussions, share information, and influence the views of others. However, the use of social media can also directly influence social interactions, change the way people communicate, and influence people's thought patterns and behavior. Apart from that, social media can also influence social, cultural and norm changes in society.

THE WOMEN’S MOVEMENT FOR EQUITABLE DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY IN INDIA

India is the largest democratic country with 143 crores of population and the 95 crores of voters participating the biggest elections in the world. Women population in India are the half of the total population, but in all walks of life women don’t have the equal opportunities and justice though they are enshrined in the Indian Constitution. Indian women had the wider experience of conducting movement in the freedom movement. After Constitution came into force women had to start their movement to secure their rights. If women could have achieved their movement then they will get equal opportunities and justice in the society, that will be an equitable democratic society. It is observed that to achieve that that aim of the movement women should have followed the democratic way of fighting in which----- respecting the views of others, acting cooperatively, arriving the decisions through discussions, respecting equality, respecting the rights of others, and tolerating the views of others. This should be the attitude and perspective of the entire women movement. Recently the Indian Parliament passed the 33% of Political Reservation bill , women movement should utilize this constitutional amendment for their better life, then only they will able to enjoy their constitutional guarantees of liberty, equality, justice, fraternity and political empowerment. Women movement will have to get the aimed equitable democratic society through Constitutional methods. We followed the Historical and analytical research methods while pursuing this paper, we invited the further research in pursuing area.

Aesthetic experiences and their transformative power: a systematic review.

Transformative experiences (TEs) have been conceptualized in many ways, contexts, magnitudes, and durations, but at their heart, they entail some manner of adjustment, which contributes to changing individuals' worldviews, actions, views of others and/or their own feelings, personality, and identity. Among the many elicitors identified as being able to foster TEs, an emerging body of literature has suggested that TEs might be prevalent in aesthetics or emerged from encounters with human art. Beyond denoting ordinary moments characterizing our daily lives, art and aesthetics could occasionally represent profound changes, causing shifts in our perceptions, beliefs and understanding of the world. However, in the realm of psychological inquiry, the extent to which art and aesthetics can be considered potential catalysts for transformation remains a topic of debate. Furthermore, a comprehensive identification of the key psychological components that contribute to the process of transformation before, during, and after aesthetic engagement is still missing. This systematic review endeavors to address these gaps by synthesizing literature on aesthetic transformative experiences either from the field of psychology or explicitly delving into the psychological impact of transformative experiences within the realm of art and aesthetics. It encompasses both theoretical and empirical papers to determine key aspects and psychological components that characterize TEs. Two major electronic databases were systematically searched. The review was conducted in accordance with Liberati et al. (2009) and PRISMA guidelines. All stages of the review were conducted independently by three researchers, and the protocol was published on PROSPERO (Registration no.: CRD42022298655). Although 39.440 studies were identified, only 23 peer-reviewed articles were included in this review, as most studies did not explicitly delve into the long-lasting psychological impact of art and aesthetics. The results confirm the potential of art and aesthetics as elicitors of transformation regardless of the type of artwork and the usage context. Moreover, it also identifies some psychological components necessary for transformation in the realm of art and aesthetics, including facilitating conditions/pre-expectations, cognitive discrepancy, epiphany and insight, and several after-effects on the recipient. The review aids in refining and enriching the concept of transformative experience, paving the way for further research and applications in various fields, including not only psychology but also education and therapeutic interventions. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022298655.

Research in action-developing and evaluating a student research placement experience

BackgroundEvidence based practice is essential in the provision of high-quality contemporary nursing practice. Yet nursing students often lack an understanding of the research process because applied research experience is rarely facilitated in undergraduate nursing programmes. Students research knowledge is mostly gained via classroom based theoretical teaching; however, it is a challenging subject to teach and is often evaluated poorly by students who find the subject uninteresting and difficult to apply to their clinical practice. AimThe aim of the study was to explore the experiences of student nurses after undertaking a nurse led primary research study placement. MethodsThe study explores the students' experiences of a research placement using a phenomenological approach with the data collection method of drawings and narration which were then subject to Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis as a data analysis method. SettingsThis study was undertaken with 18 nursing students who were enrolled in a United Kingdom university, who had recently participated in a nurse-led research study exploring the use of sensors to detect atrial fibrillation in members of the public in a supermarket. ResultsThe following themes were developed by the researchers: Practice makes perfect, Enhancing communication, Research attitude, Making a difference, Increased confidence, Enhanced skills, Researcher collaborations, The views of others. ConclusionsStudents valued the research placement; the experience provided insight into the conduct of research in primary health and allowed students to learn about research in an experiential way which proved to be more effective than usual classroom methods. Students' communication skills were enhanced, through interacting with the public in a different way, who were keen to engage with them because of their student status.

How Does the Community of Students Interpret Statements and Attitudes of Teachers Considering the Hidden Curriculum: A Qualitative Study

Objectives: This study aimed at identifying the content of implicit messages conveyed by female teachers to their female students. Methods: The ethnographic qualitative approach was used to achieve the goals of the study. Fifteen audio recorded class sessions of four teachers teaching the 9th or 10th grades at a certain public school were observed. The four teachers and six students of the observed teachers were also interviewed. The validity and reliability of the obtained data were verified. Results: The study showed several implicit messages conveyed by teachers to their students, such as respect of law, care for cleanliness, and respect of points of view of others. Some other hidden messages are negative; being not so strict about their attendance of classes, when they do not commit themselves to the time of a class, and when they underline certain subjects in the curriculum as being more important than others. The students interpret these messages in two directions, one of them the desire of the female teachers to win the students’ approval and affection and to draw the students closer to them, on the other hand female teachers’ desire to impose their control over the students, and to warn the students that the power and decision returns to the teacher. Conclusions: The teacher's clear message, student reception, and understanding is vital for successful teaching. Differences in message interpretation affect student interaction and acceptance. Teachers must be mindful of implicit meanings and students' interpretations to maintain clear communication and participation.

Views of African higher education scholars about effective leadership

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the views of African higher education scholars about effective leadership and if those views reflect a unique, African meaning of leadership.Design/methodology/approachThe study sought to explore the views of African higher education scholars about leadership in general and if those views reflect a unique, African meaning, that does not necessarily fit the widely accepted western theories. Using a researcher-designed questionnaire, higher education faculty and administrators were asked their understanding and beliefs about leadership. Data from quantitative responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-test. In addition, qualitative answers, from one open ended question, were utilized to possibly triangulate with quantitative responses.FindingsThis study found that most research participants believe that the widely used western leadership theories are not fully applicable to Africa's context. However, the list of qualities of effective leadership, these participants suggest to be unique to Africa, included mixed attributes from Western, Non-Western and Culture-Neutral theories.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has some limitations. First, the data for this study was collected electronically which might have affected the potential responses from those with limited Internet connection or who have not updated their current email addresses. Second, the participants of the study are higher education professionals whose insight about leadership may not necessarily reflect the views of others from different background.Practical implicationsBy examining leadership effectiveness in Africa's context, this study adds to the body of literature on the ongoing discussion on the topic of culture and leadership. It is hoped that the findings of the study provide important insights regarding the debate on “western vs non-western” leadership theories.Originality/valueThe universal understanding of leadership and the application of leadership theories across cultures have been an issue of debate for leadership scholars and practitioners around the globe. Many authors argue that the widely used leadership theories are “too western” in value and character (Bass, 1990; Hofstede, 1993; House and Aditya, 1997). This study adds the perspectives of African scholars to the ongoing debate and expands the understanding about leadership across culture.

Improving access to prosthetic limbs in Germany: An explorative review.

Meeting the needs of users when it comes to accessing prosthetic limbs is an important factor in the acceptance and use of a prosthesis; the cost of such prosthetics also constitutes a potential financial challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate potential hurdles to accessing limb prosthetics in the German health care system, including organizational, social, economic, and regulatory issues, and to provide food for thought about ethical implications. Sixteen German users of limb prosthetics with upper-limb and/or lower-limb amputation were recruited by means of purposive sampling. Semistructured interviews were performed, with the guiding question being as follows: "What were your experiences with the German prosthetic care and reimbursement system?" Ten stakeholders (insurance representatives, prosthetic technicians, medical service representatives, a law expert, and a lawyer) were asked about the issues they encounter in their work related to prosthetic care and reimbursement, and about ways to ameliorate these issues. A qualitative content analysis method was used to analyze the data. Half of the interviewed service users experienced hurdles to gaining a suitable prosthetic device, such as waiting times and pressure to negotiate their need for a certain prosthesis. Some of the views expressed about the issues relating to prosthetic reimbursement in Germany were common to all stakeholders, whereas some conflicted with the views of others. Equitable access to prostheses and the efficient distribution of prosthetic innovations could be improved by organizational and regulatory measures. Furthermore, a user-centered design of prostheses, a health technology assessment, monitoring of prosthetic care pathways, and a societal discussion about rationing in health care should be considered as parts of a broader approach to tackle this issue.

Self-transcendent experience and prosociality: Connecting dispositional awe, compassion, and the moral foundations

Self-transcendent experiences are characterized by a reduced sense of self and an enhanced sense of connection which has led theorists to suggest them as a source of moral wisdom. This speculation has yet to be supported by empirical work that connects self-transcendent experience to moral psychology. Therefore, this cross-sectional study explored how a tendency toward awe, a self-transcendent experience, is associated with prosociality. Participants (N = 331; 73 % women) completed an online survey that assessed dispositional awe, moral foundations, and a compassionate view of others. As hypothesized, dispositional awe was positively associated with the moral foundations of harm prevention and fairness. An exploratory path analysis using structural equation modeling showed dispositional awe to positively predict these same foundations while controlling for political leaning and gender. The paths from dispositional awe to harm prevention and fairness were mediated by a compassionate view of others. These findings are the first to connect self-transcendent experience with moral foundations and are aligned with previous research. Implications of our results for future research and potential interventions that target prosocial behavior are discussed.

Contempt, Withdrawal and Equanimity in the Zhuangzi

The Zhuangzi, a 4th century BCE Daoist text, is sceptical about the political culture of its time. Those who debated conceptions of a good life were hostile to the views of others. They were intolerant and at times contemptuous of others who did not embody their values. In contrast to such negativity, the Zhuangzi promotes equanimity. The equanimity of the sagely person is grounded in a balance she maintains between engagement and withdrawal. Engaging critically, she problematises the lack of diversity in their options for a good life. By withdrawing, she refuses to be party to the squabbles that perpetuate intolerance. The paper aims to show how equanimity is possible, thereby articulating a new angle on emotions in the Zhuangzi.

Peran Keyakinan Dan Keterlibatan Tuhan Dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat: Studi Mini Riset Masyarakat Kabupaten Jember

Muslims establish a close relationship with Allah through prayer and dhikr, while being aware of their dependence and humility. They are grateful for the blessings and sustenance that Allah has given them, and try to eliminate tyranny and inequality. This belief is based on personal experiences and inner beliefs that reinforce their sense of connection to something greater. These moral and ethical principles guide their behavior, including respecting the views and beliefs of others. While an individual's personal beliefs may change from time to time, it is important to respect everyone's right to have their own views and beliefs. Muslims acknowledge Allah's power in creating and governing life. Despite evil, belief in God persists. Religious diversity is seen as a factor that can strengthen tolerance between people, as long as there is mutual respect. It is important to respect different religious beliefs and build positive relationships with individuals who have different religious beliefs through the holy Qur'an. The resource person also emphasized the importance of an attitude that is in harmony with faith. understand and respect the beliefs and religious views of others, while maintaining personal beliefs and maintaining good relations in society.

Can Biases in Perceived Attitudes Explain Anti-Conformism?

In two studies about farming practices, the respondents who are particularly favorable to organic farming tend to have a higher intention to convert their farm to organic when they perceive other farmers as not very favorable to this practice. This intention can be considered as anticonformist, as it is in opposition to the general view of others. This article hypothesizes that this phenomenon can be explained by some biases on the perceptions of attitudes. It proposes an agent-based model which computes an intention based on the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and assumes some biases in the perception of others' attitudes according to the social judgment theory. It investigates the conditions on the model parameter values for which the simulations reproduce the features observed in the studies. The results show that perceptual biases are a possible explanation of anticonformist intentions.

Exploring Alternative Care Platforms for Symptomatic People in the Fight against the Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak.

Treatment centers (TCs) are the only locations designed to care for people with Ebola virus disease (EVD) symptoms. These people and their families are held at a TC as soon as they arrive at an Ebola treatment center (ETC); however, some people escape from TCs. This paper explored alternative care platforms for symptomatic people in the fight against the EVD outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Eight hundred randomly selected adults aged 18 years and above were surveyed with a uniform set of structured questionnaires. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 community/opinion leaders, while focus group discussions were held with community members who were not involved in the questionnaire study. Our findings demonstrated that people who were suspected of having EVD preferred to be treated discreetly and at home, and were more willing to be tested at home than at a TC. People were afraid of being stigmatized if the TC exposed their admittance to the general public. This article proposes an alternative to the TCs. We suggest a temporary containment facility within the community, such as a room in the suspected person's home. However, this requires negotiation between the response team and community members, with the latter having a significant responsibility in caring for their symptomatic relatives. The place or room for domestic temporary isolation should be chosen discreetly and placed far from the view of others. Community members will, thus, bear more responsibility for what happens while the patient is in isolation. The temporary containment area will assist in decentralizing the treatment of those with EVD symptoms. Its implementation will contribute to greater accountability of community members in the fight against EVD.

Leading Organizational Change in the Post-COVID Pandemic Era.

Leading Organizational Change in the Post-COVID Pandemic Era.