Liberal Views Research Articles

KOMPARASI FEMINISME PADA PUISI WENI SURYANDARI DAN RUPI KAUR

The purpose of this study is to describe a comparison of feminist views on two poems by Indonesian poets and Indian poets. The poems compared by the researchers include the title "Perempuan Perkasa" written by Weni Suryandari and the poem entitled "Kaur a Woman of Shiki" written by the Indian poet Rupi Kaur. The approach used is comparative literature, which is an attempt to compare two or more literary works from different countries, such as two works of poetry from Indonesia and India. This research is a comparative study with the object of research in the form of feminism views contained in the two poems. The data collection method used in this research is the documentation method. The results of the research on Weni Suryandari's poetry introduce an assumption that a woman has extraordinary strength, she is able to be a man's support and even a woman can protect a man. Meanwhile, Rupi Kaur's poetry shows that women have freedom and women also have the ability to be pillars of those around them. Keywords: Literature Comparative, Feminism, Poetry

Nationalism and Conservatism in Neopagan Movements: The Case of PolishRodzimowierstwo

AbstractIn this article I explore the political aspects of contemporary Paganism. Based on my own fieldwork, I analyze the changes in views and attitudes in relation to nationalism among Polish followers ofRodzimowierstwo, which is a modern religious movement referring to the pre-Christian beliefs of the Slavs. I put forward the thesis that the attitude toward nationalism is an important element in shaping the dynamics of divisions within believers and at the same time radical nationalist views and attitudes present among them are marginalized. The gradual weakening of nationalist tendencies does not mean, however, the dissemination of liberal and universalist attitudes and views. Nationalism is being replaced by a specific type of conservatism, which consists in creating a clear opposition between “foreign” and “native” cultural patterns, and the postulate of preserving and defending the latter.

A Systematic Review of Trends in US Attitudes toward Cannabis Legalization

Introductions: In the United States (US), support for cannabis legalization has increased over time. This study examines historical changes in legalization attitudes and the period-specific individual and external influences on these. Methods A systematic search was conducted for publications in PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO up to October 2019. Six studies with a regionally or nationally representative adult US-based populations were included. A secondary analysis was conducted using data from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health. Hierarchical age-period-cohort analysis assessed the trends in perceived harmfulness and availability of cannabis between 1996 and 2018. Ecological comparisons were made between these perceptions and support for cannabis legalization over time. Results A steep growth in support for cannabis legalization began in the 1990s and continued to grow in a relatively linear manner. Most people developed more liberal views, with no evidence that changes within any one sociodemographic group was disproportionately responsible for the overall attitudinal change. Increases in the proportion of people who use cannabis, non-religious population and political liberalism may partially explain the increased support for legalization. The decline in perceived harmfulness of cannabis, as reflected in the media, may have contributed to the increased support for legalization. However, perceptions of the availability of cannabis remained stable despite significant relaxations in cannabis regulations. Conclusions The US population has become more accepting of cannabis legalization. The attitudinal change is related to changes in the perceived risks and benefits of cannabis use, influenced by broader political and cultural changes over the study period.

A Woman Here

A Woman Here

Influence of Occupational Socialization on Sport Pedagogy Doctoral Students’ Beliefs and Actions

Purpose: To examine the influence of occupational socialization on the beliefs and actions of six sport pedagogy doctoral students (DSs) in terms of physical education (PE) teaching and physical education teacher education (PETE). Method: Data were collected with five qualitative techniques and analyzed by employing analytic induction and constant comparison. Results: DSs had conservative or liberal views about PE and endorsed hybrid forms of PETE, which included elements of the behavioristic, traditional/craft, and critical inquiry orientations. Patterns of socialization that shaped these beliefs and actions were both congruent and contrasting with those described in past research. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of asking potential DSs about their beliefs and the forces that shaped those beliefs during recruitment. In addition, it indicates that the potency of doctoral education can be enhanced when it has a dual focus on PETE and research and when DSs experience it within a cohort.

171 Factors affecting rural residents intentions to receive the COVID-19 vaccine

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Vaccination for COVID-19 is a primary public health strategy to control the pandemic. In this study, we examined how various sociodemographic variables influence rural residents intentions to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. We also examined the role of distrust in healthcare organizations in these intentions. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: sing the electronic medical records of an academic healthcare institution in central Pennsylvania, we obtained names and addresses of patients who had been an inpatient or outpatient within the prior three years, were 18 years or older, and who resided in a community defined as rural by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The survey included three statements about the intent to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, an open-ended question about concerns regarding the vaccine, and validated scales for general trust and for distrust in healthcare organizations. All study variables were summarized to determine their distributions, and then bivariate binomial logistic regression analyses were conducted. Responses to the open-ended question were coded and used as variables in the bivariate analysis. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Respondents reporting conservative political views were more likely (compared to those liberal political views) to never want to be vaccinated for COVID-19. Those who expressed distrust in healthcare organizations were less likely to want to be vaccinated soon. Conversely those who were more trusting said they were more likely to want to be vaccinated soon. Respondents dominant concerns about the COVID-19 vaccine were that it was new and that the process for its development was rushed. Respondents who believed that COVID-19 was a hoax were unlikely to ever want to be vaccinated, while those who distrusted the process in some way (new vaccine or rushed vaccine) were more likely to want to wait to be vaccinated. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: These findings confirm the impact of political orientation on COVID-19 vaccination intention and suggest that distrust in healthcare organizations may prevent people from being vaccinated. These data provide evidence that people delaying vaccination hold different beliefs than those who will never vaccinate.

The Witch in the Closet: Disney's Frozen as Adaptation and Its Potential for Queer and Feminist Readings

The Witch in the Closet: Disney's <i>Frozen</i> as Adaptation and Its Potential for Queer and Feminist Readings

Representation of Afghanistan Government and Taliban in Dawn and Ummat

This research study investigates how selected mainstream Pakistani print media, Dawn and Ummat, represented the image of Afghanistan and the Taliban in its news coverage. The aim is to understand whether the selected two newspapers portrayed the image of Afghanistan and the Taliban positively or negatively. Dawn is considered the leftist newspaper that holds liberal views about the issues in Pakistan. On the other hand, Ummat is considered a right-wing newspaper with conservative views. The news content of both newspapers was studied from the 1st of January 2019 to the 31st of January 2019. Content Analysis has been employed as a research method in this study to answer all the outstanding research questions. The findings support that though most of the newspapers' discussion revolved around the US-Taliban peace talks, Ummat emphasized the Taliban's perspective more in the coverage. It was also revealed that both the selected newspapers relied more on the Afghan sources to share the Afghan government and Taliban's story with its readers. The research study is grounded on Goffman's Framing Theory.

COVID-19 Mitigation Among College Students: Social Influences, Behavioral Spillover, and Antibody Results

ABSTRACT By fall 2020, students returning to U.S. university campuses were mandated to engage in COVID-19 mitigation behaviors, including masking, which was a relatively novel prevention behavior in the U.S. Masking became a target of university mandates and campaigns, and it became politicized. Critical questions are whether the influences of injunctive norms and response efficacy on one behavior (i.e. masking) spill over to other mitigation behaviors (e.g. hand-washing), and how patterns of mitigation behaviors are associated with clinical outcomes. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of college students who returned to campus (N = 837) to explore these questions, and conducted COVID-19 antibody testing on a subset of participants to identify correlations between behaviors and disease burden. The results showed that college students were more likely to intend to wear face masks as they experienced more positive injunctive norms, liberal political views, stronger response efficacy for masks, and less pessimism. Latent class analysis revealed four mitigation classes: Adherents who intended to wear face masks and engage in the other COVID-19 mitigation behaviors; Hygiene Stewards and Masked Symptom Managers who intended to wear masks but only some other behaviors, and Refusers who intended to engage in no mitigation behaviors. Importantly, the Hygiene Stewards and Refusers had the highest likelihood of positive antibodies; these two classes differed in their masking intentions, but shared very low likelihoods of physical distancing from others and avoiding crowds or mass gatherings. The implications for theories of normative influences on novel behaviors, spillover effects, and future messaging are discussed.

Revisiting Alu of The Swamp Dwellers by Soyinka and Views by Beauvoir in The Second Sex: Unifying Humanity Versus Feminist Separatism

This paper concentrates on a comparative study between Alu of the drama The Swamp Dwellers by Soyinka and the Feminist views of Beauvoir in The Second Sex while the areas of the drama so far explored and discussed are native narrative, political views, decline through modernization, moral-spiritual standpoint, family bonding and human-nature tie. In the drama, if the vital role played by Alu is construed, she appears as a woman figure of infinite capaciousness with her duties, responsibilities, feelings, commitments, rights and privileges in family and society. Alu succeeds because her human-centric Yoruba tradition gives support to her family-centric biology and psychology. But contrary to Alu, Feminist views disseminated by Beauvoir in The Second Sex embark on the estrangement of women from family and humanity. Thus, the paper seeks to unearth how Alu of Yoruba tradition harmonizes and unifies humanity through her role in family and society while Feminism of Beauvoir opposes them and wishes women to be separated. In this qualitative research of thematic analysis method, Family Systems Theory and Religious Humanism Theory were applied. By recommending for women the re-introduction of traditional human-centric life in family and society, this research may contribute to women’s emancipation from misery.

Ustawa o narodzie – czy na pewno jest to ustawa przemyślana? To manifest partyjny czy ustawa parlamentarna?

The author offers an analysis of the controversial Israeli Nation-State Law of 2018 and B. Netanyahu’s involvement in its adoption. He claims that its ideas manifest Netanyahu’s desire to depart from the state-centred, social democratic, and liberal views advocated by Ben Gurion. This desire stems from his strong disagreement with Israel’s founder’s claim and belief that secularism is a guarantee that Israel does not fall into the same trap as the leaders of the bicentennial Crusades – which ultimately failed. The author of the paper makes an insightful comparison of this law with the contents of Point 13 of Thomas Woodrow Wilson’s 1918 plan – a docu-ment from exactly 100 years before, designed to shape Europe after victory in the war against Russia, Prussia, and Austria-Hungary, on whose lands an independent Polish state was to be established.

Nation-State law – Is it Really a well Thought-Out law? Is It a Party manifesto or a Parliamentary act?

The author offers an analysis of the controversial Israeli Nation-State Law of 2018 and B. Netanyahu’s involvement in its adoption. He claims that its ideas manifest Netanyahu’s desire to depart from the state-centred, social democratic, and liberal views advocated by Ben Gurion. This desire stems from his strong disagreement with Israel’s founder’s claim and belief that secularism is a guarantee that Israel does not fall into the same trap as the leaders of the bicentennial Crusades – which ultimately failed. The author of the paper makes an insightful comparison of this law with the contents of Point 13 of Thomas Woodrow Wilson’s 1918 plan – a docu-ment from exactly 100 years before, designed to shape Europe after victory in the war against Russia, Prussia, and Austria-Hungary, on whose lands an independent Polish state was to be established.

Could the Slavophiles Be Considered Liberals?

ABSTRACT The Slavophile movement cannot be properly understood and assessed without taking into account the movement to which it opposed itself, the Westernizers. It was in close contact with the Westernizers that the Slavophiles developed a clearer embodiment of their own ideas. The Slavophile ideology that actively manifested itself over a period of more than twenty years was a milestone in the history of Russian liberalism. The Slavophiles substantiated and defended liberal values and rights. Their liberal views had an economic basis: They adopted agricultural production and strove to make it more rational, productive, and market-based. Rejecting serfdom, they participated in preparing the reforms of February 19, 1861, alongside other liberal forces, including the Westernizers.

The Good of Authority in the Theology of Matthias Joseph Scheeben

The Good of Authority in the Theology of Matthias Joseph Scheeben Patrick Auer Jones Both polemics against and apologetics on behalf of the living authority of the Catholic Church can hinge on an understanding of authority as mere arbitration. The presence of living human authorities within the Church can be alternatively criticized or justified by appealing to the raw necessity of designating some person or persons to resolve disputes within a diverse and widely extended polity. The aim of this essay is to call into question just such an understanding of authority. In doing so, it will first take up the question of authority from a philosophical vantage, presenting Yves Simon’s defense of authority as a natural human good. Then, it will turn to the theology of Matthias Joseph Scheeben to offer an analysis of the nature of the Church’s authority in light of her character as an agent not only of God’s power, but of God’s truth. The aim will be to produce a positive account of the Church’s authority through the prism of Scheeben’s analysis of theological faith. In the course of the essay, it will be shown that ecclesial authority stands in an analogous relationship to other forms of human authority. At the same time, the Church’s authority must be understood by clarifying the nature of divine faith, and the Church’s role in producing the act of faith. The twentieth-century philosopher Yves Simon provides a philosophical preamble to Scheeben’s account of the living authority of the Church. In his work A General Theory of Authority, Simon remarks: “The issue of authority has such a bad reputation that a philosopher cannot discuss it without exposing himself to suspicion and malice. Yet authority is present in all [End Page 433] phases of social life.”1 Simon notes that authority is construed, particularly in the twentieth century, as an impediment to justice, human vitality, truth, and order.2 A multitude of philosophical theories underlie this resistance to authority, some radically anarchist, but more commonly of a “liberal” variety (e.g., classically liberal views of democracy and of the function of the free market). Yet, Simon argues, “authority is unmistakably present” even in those societies and their systems which claim to be anti-authoritarian.3 In response, he sets out to show why authority is natural when it comes to justice, human vitality, truth, and order, and why it is in fact essential to all of these when understood in its “plurality of functions.”4 Simon takes aim at a view of authority in which “deficiencies alone cause authority to be necessary.”5 According to this view, a gap in the otherwise free-standing vital functions of political or market order demands the heteronomous influence of an authority outside of that system. Or, in matters of judgment, an irresolvable doubt demands that, absent any reasonable criteria for practical judgment, authority should step in arbitrarily: “Not knowing which way to take, but realizing that movement in any clear direction is better than unending idleness, we let authority decide which way we shall take, and we admire its ability to substitute definite action for endless deliberation.”6 Simon only tangentially engages the question of authority as it relates to theology, and does not delve at all into the question of the living authority of the Catholic Church. It is therefore necessary to expand Simon’s theory of authority if we are to apply it to Christianity. Matthias Joseph Scheeben’s analysis of the relationship between the act of supernatural faith and the Church’s living authority provides the basis for just such an expansion. Scheeben views ecclesiastical authority not solely as a juridical arbiter, but as representative and instrument of God’s truthfulness.7 [End Page 434] The Church’s power for juridical decision is, for Scheeben, only one of its attributes. Indeed, the communication of juridical power to the Church depends upon the investiture of that authority by which “the divine motive of faith confronts us . . . and exercises its influence on us.”8 The Church therefore plays a necessary role not just in presenting the material content of faith, or in...

Waiting for “God’s Best”: Love and Sex in Evangelical Christianity in the Philippines

Echoing the writings of their American counterparts, Filipino evangelicals have published bestselling books on love and sex. These books appeal because of their practical tips, often narrated in conversational Tagalog and English. We turn to some of the most influential books in this article. These works exhort their readers to embrace sexual purity in preparation for the one God intends for them—“God’s best.” Although decidedly evangelical, these writings are packaged within the language of a secular genre—love and relationships—known for espousing more liberal views on romance and sexuality. Two rhetorical techniques matter: (1) the simultaneous promotion and disavowal of courtship; and (2) the use of religious testimony. The article ends with critical reflections on evangelicalism as a countercultural movement in Philippine society.

The Value of Prestige on the Father Figure in the Family Acehnese people

In Acehnese society itself, there is a system of prestige given to the head of the family at home, namely the father figure. The form of prestige is in the form of appreciation and privilege of treatment to the father. This study aims to explore the socio-cultural values embedded in Acehnese society, namely the value of prestige which is closely related to the patrilineal system. Although it is often not realized, the existence of these values is real. By using a qualitative approach in the form of a literature review study, namely a literature study that uses references from other research journals, theses, theses, books related to the prestige value of the father figure in the family. This study also relates the focus of the study to a feminist view that basically the main essence desired by women is the creation of harmony, dignity, and freedom in managing life, both from within and from outside the home. Meanwhile, in Aceh, the privileged access or advantages that women get is always related to marital status. They will get their rights if they get married, and have children. However, it is still not comparable to that obtained by the adam in the family. In conclusion, the prestige value is still embedded in the Acehnese family, but the practice is no longer the same as before

Longitudinal impact of a poverty simulation on healthcare practitioners' attitudes towards poverty

BackgroundMany clinicians have limited knowledge about the challenges of living in poverty, leading to stigma and differential treatment in healthcare settings. A poverty simulation event may help clinicians gain empathy and knowledge about the ways that poverty impacts health and well-being. PurposeThis study evaluated the impact of a poverty simulation and the effect of personal characteristics on clinicians' attitudes towards poverty. MethodsUsing a prospective longitudinal mixed-methods study design, a convenience sampling of clinicians from a freestanding children's hospital was recruited to participate in a poverty simulation event. The 21-item Attitudes Towards Poverty (ATP) tool was administered pre- and post-simulation and at 3 follow-up time points. Multiple linear regression analysis and linear mixed effects models were used to analyze ATP data. Qualitative data were analyzed to identify broad themes. ResultsMean scores in the ATP domains of stigma and structural perspective increased post-simulation, but only stigma scores demonstrated sustained improvement. Scores in the personal deficiency domain remained unchanged. Being male, White, and having Liberal political views were associated with lower ATP scores in our data. Qualitative data show participants felt the simulation generated feelings of compassion and empathy. DiscussionSimulation participation improved ATP scores in two domains immediately post-event, suggesting the simulation positively impacted clinicians' attitudes towards poverty. Follow-up data suggest the impact of the simulation may be temporary. Translation to health education practiceExperiential learning activities, like poverty simulations, help foster awareness and empathy among clinicians but may not have long-term impact. Ongoing education is needed to create a workforce sensitized and equipped to care for families from all backgrounds.

The Relations between Soviet Government Entities and Scientific Institutions in the Context of a Postmodern Approach to History

The article examines and analyzes the state structures of Soviet Ukraine in the 20s and 30s of the twentieth century, which were responsible for the organization, support and control in the field of culture and science of the country. In line with the postmodern transformations of this chronological segment, the system of state structures and their influence on the activities of semi-independent scientific organizations have been reconstructed. In view of postmodernism as a philosophical current, the nonviolent resistance of the scientific intelligentsia to proletarian culture, forced by the Soviet nomenklatura with a mass, uncompromising character, is revealed. The political processes around state structures and scientific organizations are reproduced in historical retrospect. The activity of scientific organizations of the above historical period is investigated and an attempt is made to reproduce their organizational and social network. The article proves that the evolution of modern society is due to the complex influence of a set of important trends and factors that determine the progressive development of its economic, political, social and spiritual spheres. The relevance of the study is due to modern transformation processes in a post-communist society focused on democratic, liberal European values. With the spread and development of liberal views in Ukrainian society, we are increasingly seeing the emergence of private scientific institutions, which are the prototypes of scientific organizations of the previous century. As a result, their internal activities and connections with other organizations are of great interest today, not only among scientists, but also among business representatives. This necessitates a more in-depth development of this problem, taking into account the evolution of the theory and practice of social and public administration of various forms of ownership of organizations and enterprises.

Теория европейской интеграции в поисках объяснения дезинтеграции

In this article, four classical theories of European integration (realism, neofunctionalism, federalism and liberal intergovernmentalism) are revised in order to figure out their understanding of disintegration, its causes and possible outcomes. Up until recently, disintegration has been of little concern to European studies. Nonetheless, each of the theories is capable of contributing to explaining the disintegration process, all together they give a proper theoretical starting point for further conceptualization of the phenomenon. The article makes it evident that different theories have their own visions of reasons for creating supranational regimes, just like they view possible causes of these regimes’ downfall and transformation. Structural realism is finding the reasons for both integration and disintegration in the concepts of security, balance of power and outer threats. Federalism, on the contrary, focuses on internal political dynamics between member states and emphasizes common interests and values, ideology, economic inequality, cultural and linguistic homogeneity. Federalism explains possible EU disintegration through EU malfunctioning as a political system. Both aforementioned theories are limited by being state-centered, which cannot be said about neofunctionalism. Neofunctionalists imagine disintegration as a multi-level and multi-directional process that does not necessarily mean coming back to full national sovereignty. Finally, liberal intergovernmentalist approach views disintegration as a redistribution of power that cannot make a return to status quo ante. Each theory can provide us with its own insight on disintegration but can’t provide an overwhelming explanation. Nevertheless, further theorizing with classical theories as a starting point is yet to be done.

Генри Коттон и Индийский национальный конгресс (1885-1915)

The article examines the contribution of Henry Cotton, a colonial official and politician, to the formation and development of the national movement in India. In the first decades of the existence of the Indian National Congress, English and Anglo-Indian leaders, adherents of liberal views, played a large role in its activities. Henry John Stedman Cotton (1845-1915) was one of the most prominent British supporters of the Congress. The years of life in India, the experience of serving at the lower levels of the colonial administration led Cotton to an analysis of the relationship between the British Empire and its colonies. He argued that the most important task India faced was moral improvement, which required a “social revolution”. It did not consist of overthrowing British power but of involving of Indians to the administration. Result of the “social revolution” should be the creation of the “United States of India”. The driving force of the “social revolution” was “New India”, i. e. European-educated Indians. These ideas brought Cotton closer to the Indian National Congress. After his resignation in 1903, Cotton became a member of the British Committee of the Congress, in 1904 he became president of the session of the Congress. As president, Cotton spoke out against the impending partition of Bengal. Also, the struggle against the partition of Bengal is the main content of Cotton's parliamentary activities in 1906-1910. In the House of Commons Cotton headed an informal Indian Parliamentary Committee, defended Indian revolutionaries and voted for the 1909 Indian Councils Act. Henry Cotton was one of the last Anglo-Indian supporters of the Congress, who stood at the origins of the organization, supported it during its formative years, transferred their administrative and political experience to young Indian leaders. Like A.O. Hume and W. Wedderburn, Cotton saw the future of India in the development of self-government in close connection with the Britain. These views formed the basis of the ideology of the moderate wing of the Congress, which domination in the late 19th century and early 20th century constituted an important stage in the development of the national liberation movement in India.