View Of Intervention Research Articles

Performance management in social impact bonds: how an outcomes-based approach shapes hybrid partnerships

PurposeThis paper investigates how outcomes-based performance management (PM) regimes operate in the partnerships known as social impact bonds (SIBs), which bring together partners from the public, private and third sectors. The findings are analysed in the light of the different cultural world views of the partners.Design/methodology/approachPublished evaluations of 25 UK SIBs were analysed by a qualitative multiple case study approach. This study of secondary sources permitted the analysis of a wide range of SIB partnerships from near contemporary accounts.FindingsOutcomes frameworks led to rigorous PM regimes that brought the cultural differences between partners into focus. While partnerships benefitted from the variety of viewpoints and expertise, the differences in outlook simultaneously led to strains and tensions. In order to mitigate such tensions, some stakeholders conformed to the outlooks of others.Practical implicationsThe need to achieve a predefined set of payable outcomes embeds a “linear” view of intervention and effect on the SIB partners and a performance regime in which some partners dominate. In designing accountability systems for partnerships such as SIBs, commissioners should consider how the performance regime will affect the interests of all stakeholders.Originality/valueThis study adds to the cultural theory literature which has rarely considered three-way partnerships embodying hierarchical, individualist and egalitarian world views and how performance regimes operate in such partnerships. Three-way partnerships are thought to be rare and short-lived, but this empirical study shows that they can be successful albeit over a predefined lifespan.

Toward a developmentally informed approach to parenting interventions: Seeking hidden effects.

Drawing from developmental psychology and psychopathology, we propose a new, developmentally informed approach to parenting interventions that focuses on elucidating changes in the unfolding developmental process between the parent and child. We present data from 186 low-income mothers of toddlers, randomly assigned to a child-oriented play group or a play-as-usual group. We examined the maladaptive cascade from child difficulty to mother adversarial, negative parenting to child maladjustment, well documented in the literature. The measures incorporated multiple observations and reports. As expected, the sequence from child difficulty (pretest) to mother adversarial, negative parenting (Posttest 1, after 3-month intervention) to child maladjustment (Posttest 2, 6 months later) was present in the play-as-usual group, but absent, or defused, in the child-oriented play group. The findings are consistent with a view of intervention presumably enhancing the mother-child relationship, which in turn served to moderate future mother-child dynamics, altering its otherwise anticipated negative trajectory. A closer examination of the cascade revealed that, at Posttest 1, mothers in the play-as-usual group engaged in more adversarial, negative parenting (controlling for pretest) than did mothers in the child-oriented play group when their children were of high difficulty. The intervention appears to exert its primary influence on the cascade by weakening the link between child difficulty and maternal adversarial, negative parenting.

Physiotherapists' experience of client participation in physiotherapy interventions: A phenomenographic study

AbstractThe aim of the study was to describe, using qualitative phenomenographic interviews, how physiotherapists experience client participation in physiotherapy interventions. The objective of phenomenographic research is to identify and describe various ways of experiencing the investigated phenomenon. Eleven respondents were strategically selected according to the maximum variation strategy with variations in: gender, seniority and areas of physiotherapy. Three qualitatively different descriptive categories were indentified with critical variations in paradigms of health and goal-setting procedures – A: Collaboration, i.e. an experience of client participation from a biopsychosocial collaborative view of intervention in which the client enter into equal partnership with the physiotherapist and thereby are jointly responsible for intervention, goal-setting and outcome; B: Guidance, i.e. an experience of client participation from a guided biomedical view of intervention, in which the client is guided by...

“Give me a fish and I eat today: teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime”. The Newcastle Programme

The development of a new occupational therapy course at the University of Newcastle has proved an exciting challenge to the authors. A common core year with other health professionals introduces students to the concepts of holistic health. Students develop problem solving skills and an attitude to therapy which encourages them to focus on each client as an individual, living and working within their specific environment. The reductionist view of intervention does not seem to be compatible with the self directed, problem based approach to learning. New patterns of fieldwork to support and consolidate theoretical input have been developed. Staff have learnt a new approach to education which is satisfying and rewarding. We believe students will graduate with skills which will allow them to meet the challenge of a new century.

The cultural parameters of lead poisoning: a medical anthropologist's view of intervention in environmental lead exposure.

This article identifies four culturally shaped sources of lead exposure in human societies: modern and historic technological sources: food habits; culturally defined health beliefs; and beauty practices. Examples of these potential sources of lead poisoning are presented from current cultures. They include the use of lead-glazed cooking pottery in Mexican-American households; folk medical use of lead in Hispanic, Arabic, South Asian, Chinese, and Hmong communities; as well as the use of lead as a cosmetic in the Near East, Southeast Asia, and South Asia. Four interacting cultural conditions that create barriers to the reduction of lead exposure and lead poisoning are identified and discussed. These are knowledge deficiencies, communication resistance, cultural reinterpretations, and incongruity of explanatory models.

The Cultural Parameters of Lead Poisoning: A Medical Anthropologist's View of Intervention in Environmental Lead Exposure

This article identifies four culturally shaped sources of lead exposure in human societies: modern and historic technological sources: food habits; culturally defined health beliefs; and beauty practices. Examples of these potential sources of lead poisoning are presented from current cultures. They include the use of lead-glazed cooking pottery in Mexican-American households; folk medical use of lead in Hispanic, Arabic, South Asian, Chinese, and Hmong communities; as well as the use of lead as a cosmetic in the Near East, Southeast Asia, and South Asia. Four interacting cultural conditions that create barriers to the reduction of lead exposure and lead poisoning are identified and discussed. These are knowledge deficiencies, communication resistance, cultural reinterpretations, and incongruity of explanatory models.

Are they interested in stability? The Soviet view of intervention

Abstract The Soviet view of intervention is reflected both in Soviet literature and actual foreign policy. An adequate assessment of the Soviet view of intervention and its role in international relations must examine both Soviet declaratory and action policies. Soviet discussion of intervention, when viewed with a clear understanding of Soviet ideological jargon, reflects a belief that Soviet acts of intervention are justified and even proper according to international law. Interestingly, Soviet discussion of intervention also indicates that there exists a perceived linkage between the freedom of Soviet interventionist behavior and the specific state of the strategic balance. An examination of recent Soviet actions in Angola, the Horn of Africa, and Afghanistan indicates that the Soviet leadership may actually formulate foreign policy in the direction indicated by Soviet declaratory policy.