Vietnamese Families Research Articles

Unconventional philosophies and practices: Vietnamese family firm performance in multiple countries

ABSTRACT The diversity of business philosophies and practices across family firms suggests their performance is influenced by factors that can be hard to isolate or understand. Based on 215 observations of Vietnamese firms operating in Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America, we use fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis techniques to discern the configurational relationships underlying their performance pathways. Of the 64 possible configurations, three pathways with a high consistency (95 percent) for high performance are distinguishable. These three pathways are characterized by varying degrees of family labor involvement, social network-based labor sourcing, and capital contributions from partners. They reveal how cultural factors, spiritual beliefs and practices, as well as the strength of firm networks influence the way these firms perform. Taken together, these insights offer valuable contributions to the theoretical understanding of family firm performance with practical and policy relevance.

Implementing Children's Rights in Vietnamese Families: Cultural and Socioeconomic Influences

Family and family culture are compelling research topics for Social Science researchers. The complexity of this category requires an approach tailored to the research field. In legal science, the family is studied as an entity encompassing relationships regulated by law, such as those between spouses and between parents and children. However, a more practical approach to researching the family from a legal perspective necessitates a general understanding of family culture and its specific impact. As contemporary family culture values continue to evolve, traditional values are sometimes overridden, giving children more autonomy. In this article, we aim to outline the fundamental aspects of family culture and explore the impact of changing family culture on upholding children's rights in Vietnam.

HLA haploidentical related and haploidentical unrelated matches between the blood-related disease recipients and the donors in Vietnamese population

Thalassemia, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), Lymphoma, and Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) belong to a group of blood-related diseases. Stem cell and/or bone marrow transplantations are effective methods widely used in clinical applications to treat these diseases. In this study, we investigated the frequency and distribution of five-locus (HLA-A ~ B ~ C ~ DRB1 ~ DQB1) HLA haplotypes from 582 individuals and examined the haploidentical related match (HRM) and haploidentical unrelated match (HURM) between the donors and the potential recipients (blood-related patients) in a total of 243 Vietnamese families, which included 243 patients and 399 donors. Our investigations revealed that, among 243 families, there were 49 thalassemia-related, 45 ALL-related, 74 AML-related, 13 lymphoma-related and 62 MDS-related families. Out of the total 1164 five-locus (HLA-A ~ B ~ C ~ DRB1 ~ DQB1) haplotypes, the highest frequency one was HLA-A*11:01 ~ B*15:02 ~ C*08:01 ~ DRB1*12:02 ~ DQB1*03:01, accounting for 5.62 %. Remarkably, the HRMs of HLA-A ~ B ~ C ~ DRB1/HLA-A ~ B ~ C ~ DRB1 ~ DQB1 between thalassemia, ALL, AML, lymphoma, and MDS potential recipients and related donors were 54.1 %/45.9 %, 49.3 %/42.6 %, 52.4 %/49.7 %; 67.9 %/60.3 %, and 55.4 %/43.7 %, respectively. Moreover, the HURMS of HLA-A ~ B ~ C ~ DRB1/HLA-A ~ B ~ C ~ DRB1 ~ DQB1 between thalassemia, ALL, AML, and MDS potential recipients and unrelated donors were 0.472 %/0.472 %, 0.473/0.473, 0.236 %/0.236 %, and 0.934 %/0.236 %, respectively. Our study provides essential information about HRMs and HURMs for stem cell and/or bone marrow transplantations in the Vietnamese population.

Involvement of Vietnamese elders in economic activities in the lens of family ties, low institutional coverage, and gender identity

Abstract In Vietnam, for a long time, family is considered as being significant for economic, instrumental, social, emotional, and care support for older adults due to strong filial piety, high family values, low institutional coverage, and limited social services, given that the majority of older adults are living in family-based communities. Recently, due to increasing migration, nuclearization, and individualization in Vietnamese families, there is an increasing withdrawal of family caregivers from caregiving to their parents and there seems to be confusion and tension of roles and supports among family members. Meanwhile, Vietnam is observing changes in demographics and family structure, which is linked to an increase in the number of elders in need of care, drop in fertility rate, resulting in a shrinking supply of family caregivers. This article examines the economic dynamics of ageing with limited family ties by examining the formal care services and demographic changes in order to investigate raising social problems towards elder population. It also explores how older adults from varied living backgrounds in Vietnam restructure their lives in terms of acculturation, re-establishing kin networks, psychological well-being in contemporary Vietnam. It demonstrates how Vietnamese elders actively engage in unpaid work within family and community environments, such as housework and childcare, shaped by cultural norms of familialism and filial piety, with regional variations in the north emphasizing stronger familialism and economic motives, and the central coast showing more individualism and sentimental values.

Main challenges of Vietnamese families nowadays and in the coming years

ABSTRACT The Vietnamese government has always considered family development as one of the decisive factors for the success of the country. Over the past few decades, socio-economic changes stemming from international integration have significantly impacted Vietnamese families in different ways. Favourable conditions and opportunities for families to access knowledge and positive cultural values have been created. On the other hand, socio-economic changes have also produced or deepened challenges for Vietnamese families. Based on new survey data, this paper outlines some of the main challenges facing Vietnamese families in the current and coming years. These challenges can be listed as the status of women in the family, which has not significantly improved; childcare and education, with many difficulties in terms of time and methods; and elderly care in the family, including new challenges in the context of an ageing society. This article offers an analysis to address the need to overcome these challenges in the coming years.

Investor attention and corporate social responsibility of family businesses in Vietnam: The moderating role of CEO overpower.

This study examines the influence of investor attention and Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) power on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) within Vietnamese family businesses. Unlike most of the past literature, this study further investigates the potential moderating effects of CEOs' power on the relationship between investor attention and CSR. Utilizing the dynamic system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), this study analyzes a dataset comprising 116 Vietnamese family businesses from 2005 to 2020. The findings reveal an inverted U-shape between CEO power and CSR within family businesses; meanwhile, investor attention demonstrates a negative impact on CSR. Moreover, the results report that CEO power is a moderating factor in the relationship between investor attention and CSR. These results are consistent with various theoretical frameworks, including agency theory, overinvestment, career concern, career horizon, and conflict-resolution hypotheses. Finally, our study offers management implications to foster the sustainable development of CSR within family businesses, particularly within emerging markets.

Parent-adolescent conflict: an exploration from the perspective of Vietnamese adolescents.

This research investigates parent-adolescent conflicts from the viewpoint of Vietnamese adolescents. Employing a mixed-method approach, the study conducted in-depth interviews and a questionnaire survey with 706 high-school students. The findings highlight that conflicts between Vietnamese parents and adolescents commonly arise regarding internet usage for entertainment and academic purposes. Furthermore, adolescents reported having more conflicts with their mothers than with their fathers. Although instances of parental aggression were identified, most adolescents perceived their parents' conflict resolution as supportive. However, Vietnamese adolescents tended to display passive behavioral responses during conflicts. The research also identified certain emotional responses as warning signs of mental health issues, including suicidal thoughts, among some adolescents. Moreover, a higher frequency of conflicts with parents was significantly associated with increased peer connections. The study emphasizes the importance of professionals, such as school social workers or counselors, prioritizing the understanding of parent-child conflicts' impact on adolescents' emotions and mental health. Additionally, it underscores the significance of examining parenting patterns and parent-child communication within contemporary Vietnamese families.

Novel mutations in the SGCA gene in unrelated Vietnamese patients with limb-girdle muscular dystrophies disease.

Background: Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) is a group of inherited neuromuscular disorders characterized by atrophy and weakness in the shoulders and hips. Over 30 subtypes have been described in five dominant (LGMD type 1 or LGMDD) and 27 recessive (LGMD type 2 or LGMDR). Each subtype involves a mutation in a single gene and has high heterogeneity in age of onset, expression, progression, and prognosis. In addition, the lack of understanding of the disease and the vague, nonspecific symptoms of LGMD subtypes make diagnosis difficult. Even as next-generation sequencing (NGS) genetic testing has become commonplace, some patients remain undiagnosed for many years. Methods: To identify LGMD-associated mutations, Targeted sequencing was performed in the patients and Sanger sequencing was performed in patients and family members. The in silico analysis tools such as Fathmm, M-CAP, Mutation Taster, PolyPhen 2, PROVEAN, REVEL, SIFT, MaxEntScan, Spliceailookup, Human Splicing Finder, NetGene2, and Fruitfly were used to predict the influence of the novel mutations. The pathogenicity of the mutation was interpreted according to the ACMG guidelines. Results: In this study, six patients from four different Vietnamese families were collected for genetic analysis at The Center for Gene and Protein Research and The Department of Molecular Pathology Faculty of Medical Technology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam. Based on clinical symptoms and serum creatine kinase (CK) levels, the patients were diagnosed with limb-girdle muscular dystrophies. Five mutations, including four (c.229C>T, p.Arg77Cys; exon one to three deletion; c.983 + 5G>C; and c.257_258insTGGCT, p.Phe88Leufs*125) in the SGCA gene and one (c.946-4_946-1delACAG) in the CAPN3 gene, were detected in six LGMD patients from four unrelated Vietnamese families. Two homozygous mutations (c.983 + 5G>C and c.257_258insTGGCT) in the SGCA gene were novel. These mutations were identified as the cause of the disease in the patients. Conclusion: Our results contribute to the general understanding of the etiology of the disease and provide the basis for definitive diagnosis and support genetic counseling and prenatal screening.

Psychological Origins of The Transference To Female Dominance in Vietnamese Families

Generally, the gender culture of East Asia is male chauvinist. This assumption is not only an expression of masculine dominance but also a social convention that gives men the privilege to administrate society based on the presumption of male intelligence and rationality in order to serve the needs of social development. Such social conventions are expressed in the proverb: "Men are the backbone of the country" or "Men are as shallow thinking as the wells. Women are as deep-thinking as the betel tray." These social conventions have been extended and practiced in the structure of the traditional nuclear family, expressed in idioms and proverbs such as: "The boat follows the waterman; the girl follows the husband" or "A child has a father like a house has a roof. The fatherless children are like tadpoles without tails"; or the ethical values assigned to women such as "Three obedience and four virtues", which are considered Confucian values. It is worth noting that although Vietnam is located in the East Asia cultural area, Vietnamese society also has idioms that emphasize the role of women/mothers in the family in balancing the roles of the two genders, such as: "Men build houses, women build happy nests" or "Those who fatherless eat rice and fish, those who motherless lie in leaves". Even so, it is undeniable that men play a pivotal and vital role in the traditional Vietnamese nuclear family structure: Men are given the voice to represent the family (or agency of family), whether based on their will or the will of the family collective. In other words, the man is "the leader of the family" for all activities and development of his family, thus having all the privileges of family administration delegated by the members of his family. In the context of contemporary Vietnamese families, this element of administrative privileges is gradually being transferred to women. This transference has not just appeared in this 21st century, but has existed in a small scope. In the first 20 years of this 21st century, the mainstream discourse has increasingly encouraged this transference, such as changing the metaphor of "roof" from father to mother. Women today are compared to the "roof" of the family instead of men as tradition. Therefore, women have more voices in establishing the core values of the traditional Vietnamese nuclear family. What is the cause of that transference of privilege? What made men voluntarily give their privilege to women even though society still preserves the role of men both in society and in the family? There are many sociological explanations, such as the maturation of women's social status through labour freedom, economic independence, body self-determination, and freedom of sex-mate choice. This article aims to provide an additional perspective on socio-psychological aspects when describing and demonstrating a psychological complex that exists deep in the mind of men towards women; thus, when faced with the maturity of the status of women, men are forced to concede their position status in the role of establishing the core of values in the traditional nuclear family. This psychological complex is temporarily called "fear of being cuckold".

Understanding the caregiving experiences of Asian Indian, Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese American family care partners of persons living with dementia

Objectives Disparities impacting dementia health care exist in racial/ethnic minority groups, including Asian Americans, an understudied population in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. The qualitative study explored caregiving experiences and potential cultural influences among Asian Indian, Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese family care partners of persons living with dementia. Methods We conducted focus groups and individual interviews with 32 care partners from these four Asian subgroups using Zoom, WeChat, or telephone. Results Four themes emerged from the data: (1) Family obligations influencing caregiving decisions; (2) Evolving challenges related to dementia caregiving; (3) Caregiving burdens/negative impacts from caregiving (relationship burdens and emotional distress); and (4) Coping with their situation in their own ways (cognitive, behavioral, and social strategies).Conclusion: Cultural values (e.g. familism or filial piety) played a significant role in caregiving decisions and experiences. There was a need to raise public awareness of dementia and create culturally and linguistically appropriate training programs for this population.

Merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy type 1a: detection of LAMA2 variants in Vietnamese patients.

Background: Merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A (MDC1A), also known as laminin-α2 chain-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy (LAMA2-MD), is an autosomal recessive disease caused by biallelic variants in the LAMA2 gene. In MDC1A, laminin- α2 chain expression is absent or significantly reduced, leading to some early-onset clinical symptoms including severe hypotonia, muscle weakness, skeletal deformity, non-ambulation, and respiratory insufficiency. Methods: Six patients from five unrelated Vietnamese families presenting with congenital muscular dystrophy were investigated. Targeted sequencing was performed in the five probands. Sanger sequencing was carried out in their families. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification was performed in one family to examine an exon deletion. Results: Seven variants of the LAMA2 (NM_000426) gene were identified and classified as pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants using American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics criteria. Two of these variants were not reported in the literature, including c.7156-5_7157delinsT and c.8974_8975insTGAT. Sanger sequencing indicated their parents as carriers. The mothers of family 4 and family 5 were pregnant and a prenatal testing was performed. The results showed that the fetus of the family 4 only carries c.4717 + 5G>A in the heterozygous form, while the fetus of the family 5 carries compound heterozygous variants, including a deletion of exon 3 and c.4644C>A. Conclusion: Our findings not only identified the underlying genetic etiology for the patients, but also provided genetic counseling for the parents whenever they have an offspring.

Re-examining Vietnamese family values: an exploration of Vuong Duong Minh's (Wang Yangming) educational philosophy of children

Education is a vital component of a prosperous future for all individuals and is influenced by the three main environments of family, school, and society. Family education plays a crucial role in shaping and developing each individual's personality. In this regard, the educational philosophy of Vuong Duong Minh, a renowned Chinese thinker from the Ming-Qing dynasties, offers valuable insights into children's education, which remain relevant today. This paper employs a logical and historical approach to analyze and apply Vuong Duong Minh's ideas to contemporary Vietnamese family education. By exploring the meanings and philosophy of children in Vietnamese families, this article contributes to the ongoing efforts to enhance families' development and perfect individuals' personalities in the modern era.

Identification of a mutation in a Vietnamese family with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease using whole exome sequencing

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a form of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) in which cysts develop within the kidneys, causing the kidneys to enlarge and lose function over time. ADPKD is caused by mutations in two major genes: PKD1 and PKD2. By whole exome sequencing (WES), we identified a heterozygous missense PKD1 variant (NM_001009944: c.10529C>T, p.T3510M) in a proband from a 2-generation Vietnamese family, in which the proband presented a bilateral renal enlargement and multiple bilateral renal cysts. The segregation of this known mutation was confirmed using Sanger sequencing. The proband and his affected mother were carriers for the mutation, while his father and his sister were wild types. The findings of this study enable doctors to comprehend the underlying genetic cause of polycystic kidney disease and elect appropriate treatment for the patients.

A Novel Frameshift Microdeletion of the TEX12 Gene Caused Infertility in Two Brothers with Nonobstructive Azoospermia.

Male infertility is a growing health problem, which affects approximately 7% of the global male population. Nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) is one of the most severe forms of male infertility caused by genetic defects, including chromosome structural abnormalities, Y chromosome microdeletions, or single-gene alterations. However, the etiology of up to 40% of NOA cases is unidentified. By whole-exome sequencing, we detected a homozygous 5-bp-deletion variant in exon 4 of the TEX12 gene (c.196-200del, p.L66fs, NM_031275.4) in two brothers with NOA of a nonconsanguineous Vietnamese family. This deletion variant of 5 nucleotides (ATTAG) results in a premature stop codon in exon 4 and truncation of the C-terminal. Segregation analysis by Sanger sequencing confirmed that the deletion variant was inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. The 1st and 3rd infertile sons were homozygous for the deletion, whereas the 2nd fertile son and both parents were heterozygous. The new deletion mutation identified in TEX12 gene caused loss of function of TEX12 gene. The loss of TEX12 function has already caused infertility in male mice. Therefore, we concluded that the loss of TEX12 function may cause infertility in men. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported so far indicating disruption of human TEX12, which leads to infertility in men.

PARENTAL PURPOSES FOR USING THE INTERNET AND THEIR INFLUENCES ON PARENT-CHILD COMMUNICATION IN THE VIETNAMESE FAMILY

Objective. The Internet is increasingly confirming its role in all areas of social life, including communication in the family. The influence of the Internet on family communication has been studied in many countries around the world, but research on this issue in the Vietnamese family has not received much attention. This study aims to explore the relationship between parents' Internet usage purposes and parent-child communication activities. Material and methods. The study was conducted in 2021, based on a survey of 113 parents aged 35-50 in Hanoi city. Three purposes of parents' Internet use are considered to explore the relationship with parent-child communication activities including contact, looking for information, and relationship establishment and maintenance. Results. The research results pointed out that the purpose for which parents use the Internet is related to the positive and negative influences of the Internet on communication activities between parents and children. Parents use the Internet to make contact, look up information, and build and maintain relationships with their children, increasing the amount of communication time and diversifying the topics they discuss. However, the ability to share with and understand children in parent-child communication seems to decline; at the same time, parents using the Internet to look for information and build relationships create increased disruption and decreased interest in communication with their children. Conclusions. These results suggest solutions and services that support effective communication between parents and children by promoting healthy Internet use. Keywords: Internet, Internet usage purpose, communication, family, Vietnam.

The capital and the role of the cultural capital in family education and in the human resources development in the Mekong Delta

Family education is an important education and the first socialized environment, which is closely related to the existence and development of human beings. Families not only shoulder the task of personality education and cultural value transmission, but also play an important role in influencing the perception of their children's future education and careers, and developing human resources for the society. Although Vietnamese families in the Mekong Delta share a common cultural pattern, their perception and practices of education vary by social groups. In fact, families with higher cultural, social, and economic capital naturally have an advantage in family education. The article shows that the cultural capital plays an important role in the education of Vietnamese families in the Mekong Delta region, contributing to shape the human values that need to be realized in the process of socialization. Advantages of different types of capital, especially the cultural capital, make the difference in education among families. The power of the cultural capital in the family helps individuals to be oriented and motivated to develop their abilities according to the family’s goal. However, the research also shows individuals’ important role in final educational outcomes. The education results in the Mekong Delta, in addition to being influenced by different types of capital, also show individuals’ imprint and effort in perception and action.

Families and problems of Vietnamese families in the process of international integration

Families and problems of Vietnamese families in the process of international integration

Mental health and psychosocial support needs among Vietnamese families during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hanoi: A mixed methods study

To contain the development of COVID-19, Vietnam issued social distancing and lockdown policies in 2020 and 2021, which affected the lives of parents and children in several aspects including mental health. This study aims to explore the impact of the first wave of the COVID-19 in Vietnam (April-May 2020) on the mental health of parents and children and their perceived social support during the pandemic. This study used a cross-sectional mixed-method approach. The sample included 78 parents of children aged between 2 and 17 years and 32 children aged between 12 and 17 years (N=110). The results showed that 5.1% of children reported being in the high and very high range on the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Most reported problems were lack of prosocial behaviours, lack of peers, and emotional problems. Among parents, 7.7% reported having mental health distress. The results also revealed that the perceived social support of both parents and children were low in all subscales and total scores. Qualitative themes regarding perceived social support and barriers were identified. Recommendations regarding mental health and psychosocial support during the pandemic were discussed.

Domestic Violence during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidences from Vietnamese Families

Domestic violence has increased since the COVID-19 pandemic's early 2020 in many countries, including Vietnam. The violence sholud be solved. We examine 300 sample units, including 150 men and 150 women with wife status in the urban Vietnamese community, using the convenience sample and the norm sample. Results showed that domestic abuse by men is 32% more common than by women (22%). When they were asked about their feelings after inflicting acts of domestic violence on their spouses, the majority of violent offenders 64.7% said they felt regret and guilt. According to the poll, 4.8% of victims are women who do not want to engage in social activities because they feel helpless. They also feel weak as a result of the violence they have experienced. Then, it was a great concerns related to this domestic violence because of COVID-19 pandemic. More reasearch needed to solve these challenges. Keywords: Domestic Violence, COVID-19 Pandemic, Vietnamese Family.

Acculturative difficulties and coping strategies among Vietnamese immigrants: a case study of two high-socio status immigrant families in the U.S.

Vietnamese immigrants in the United States encounter a variety of acculturation issues that affect them as individuals, families, and as members of their communities. It is evidenced in the literature that low-socio status immigrants suffered from those acculturation challenges. However, there is scant research on how acculturation affects high-socio status immigrants in general and Vietnamese American immigrants in particular. To better understand how high-educated Vietnamese families coped with acculturation in the United States, this research used semi-structured interviews to examine the acculturation issues they encountered and the techniques they utilized to overcome those issues. Four well-educated participants were interviewed one-on-one for 20-30 minutes each by Google Meet in Vietnamese whenever they were available. The interviews were transcribed using unfocused transcription, and the data was analyzed using grounded theory technique. Results showed that high-educated Vietnamese immigrants in the United States face three major acculturation challenges: orientation, the necessity of better economic and self-esteem needs. However, women seemed to be under more acculturative stress owing to their lower levels of English proficiency and work satisfaction, according to the findings. In terms of coping methods, the husbands use integration acculturation tactics to deal with their issues. Separation methods were adopted by the women at various periods in their life, despite the fact that they are eager to become fully integrated members of American culture. They are unable to do so due to a lack of urgency and lack of access to cultural integration.