Videotape Recordings Research Articles

Transoral robotic-assisted supracricoid partial laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy: Procedure development and outcomes of initial cases.

We report on the feasibility and functional outcome of transoral robotic (TORS) supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SCPL) with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (CHEP). Cadaveric studies and functional outcome at 3 years using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-H&N35), the Functional Outcome Swallowing Scale (FOSS), the Performance Status Scale for Head and Neck Cancer (PSS-HN), computerized voice analysis, and videotape recordings. Data were compared with a historical cohort of open CHEPs/cricohyoidopexies (CHPs). The EORTC-QLQ-H&N35 scores, FOSS scores, and PSS-HN scores at 3 years of 2 operated patients were 46 and 43, 2 and 1, and 75 of 100 (eating in public) and 100 of 100 (normalcy of diet), respectively. The mean fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, noise-to-harmonic ratio (NHR), and maximum phonation time (MPT) were 85 HZ and 81 Hz, 8.52% and 6.39%, 28.2% and 13.5%, 0.61 and 0.71, 19 seconds and 15 seconds, respectively. Functional outcome data suggest that the procedure is feasible and safe.

Considering Todd’s Tape: The Textual Transition of Videotape Miscellany

Abstract Homemade video-recordings of television broadcasts are both archival and anarchival in nature. This essay considers the particular contributions of “miscellaneous” videotape recordings as precarious documents of television heritage and expressions of place-based cultural memory. In transcribingtelevision broadcasts, miscellaneous video-recordings createdpalimpsests of ephemeral content. No longer in active use, miscellaneous tapes have undergone a transition from dynamic and re-recordable to static texts. In describing the content of one example from Nova Scotia, Canada, this essay considers what miscellaneous videotapes have become after their textual turn.

Promoting Intercultural Competence of Thai University Students through Role-Play

The current situation of international communication in globalization context requires intercultural competence (IC) to achieve successful communication (Crystal, 2003). Concerning this intercultural competence, non-verbal communication (NVC) plays a key role to indicate the success of having intercultural competence. On the other hand, Thai Ministry of Education (MOE) has launched the CEFR for the country policy in English teaching and learning (Ministry of Education, 2016). The purpose of this paper is to present major results of an investigation of intercultural competence, that is, the NVC. An innovative program implemented in this study is the CEFR and project- based activities (the CEFR-PBA). The study also examines Thai university students’ attitude towards this innovative class. This paper discusses the IC students learned from role-plays. The participants of the study were 44 students of third year English Education at a Thai Rajabhat University. Research method applies action research (Burns, 1999) and case study (Yin, Case Study Research: Design and Method, 2003). Data collection gained was from 1) videotape recordings of students’ role-play, and 2) the questionnaire. Data analysis for video recordings employed a NVC rating scale evaluated by native-speaker raters; while means, percentage, and SD were used for the questionnaire. Grounded theory’s color coding (Strauss & Cobin, 1990) will be utilized in analyzing the qualitative data from raters’ additional comment. Findings revealed students’ NVC performance were both appropriate on body movement and position as well as vocalic communication. Moreover, their attitude towards the CEFR-PBA was positive.

Characterization of Digital Recording Channels by Means of Echo Cancellation Techniques

A simple yet accurate method is described for characterizing digital recording channels in terms of linear and nonlinear intersymbol interference and noise. The method is based on echo cancellation techniques, enables recorder operating conditions close to actual use, and delivers a joint portrait of the disturbances rather than isolated assessments. Experimental results for a high-density digital video tape recorder are included. >

Movement evaluation of front crawl swimming: Technical skill versus aesthetic quality.

The study aim was to compare expert with non-expert swimmers’ rating of the aesthetic and technical qualities of front crawl in video-taped recordings of swimmers with low, middle, and high level proficiency. The results suggest that: i) observers’ experience affects their judgment: only the expert observers correctly rated the swimmers’ proficiency level; ii) evaluation of movement (technical and aesthetic scores) is correlated with the level of skill as expressed in the kinematics of the observed action (swimming speed, stroke frequency, and stroke length); iii) expert and non-expert observers use different strategies to rate the aesthetic and technical qualities of movement: equating the technical skill with the aesthetic quality is a general rule non-expert observers follow in the evaluation of human movement.

Cortical Responses to Alien Odors in Newborns: An fNIRS Study.

Very preterm (VPT) infants are exposed to odors released by healthcare products, triggering the trigeminal and olfactory subsystems. Irritation of the nasal mucosa induces pain in adults. We examined whether preterm and full-term (FT) newborns perceived trigeminal odors at different cortical levels, whether these odors elicit pain, and if oral glucose modulates this pain. We performed 44 recording sessions in newborn (15 VPT infants, 12 VPT infants at term-equivalent age, and 17 FT infants) following exposure to trigeminal/olfactory stimuli from the hospital environment. We repeated the exposure after oral glucose administration. We recorded cortical activation in the olfactory, frontal, and somatosensory cortices by functional near-infrared spectroscopy, and analyzed pain behaviors from videotaped recordings. Newborns integrated trigeminal/olfactory stimuli in trigeminal/olfactory and nociceptive processing areas beginning at 31 weeks postmenstrual age, and also exhibited pain behaviors. Pain scores were positively associated with the level of cortical activation. Oral glucose inhibited pain behaviors and cortical activation. There were developmental differences in cortical integration related to brain maturation and duration of the extra-uterine experience. In conclusion, VPT and FT infants showed trigeminal sensitivity after exposure to alien odors that induce pain, potentially affecting the wiring of the neuronal circuits of the newborn brain.

Gesture impairments in schizophrenia are linked to increased movement and prolonged motor planning and execution

Schizophrenia patients present with a variety of impaired nonverbal communication skills. Performance of hand gestures is frequently impaired and associated with ratings of motor abnormalities. However, the impact of motor abnormalities to gesture performance remains unclear. To test the association between quantitative measures of motor behavior and qualitative ratings of gesture performance, we quantified movement parameters semi-automatically in videotaped recordings of gesture assessment. Thirty-one patients with schizophrenia (77.4%), schizophreniform (19.4%) or schizoaffective disorder (3.2%) and 32 healthy controls matched for age, gender and education underwent clinical assessment. Performance of the test of upper limb apraxia (TULIA) was video-taped in all subjects. The videos were analyzed with motion energy analysis software (MEA) to determine motion and time parameters.Patients and controls differed significantly in quantitative gesture performance: patients required more movement and more time to complete the tasks. Differences increased in patients with qualitatively impaired gesture production ratings (p<0.01). Group differences were most pronounced in the pantomime domain, when gestures are performed following verbal instruction. In patients, ratings of motor abnormalities correlated with duration of movement, while behavioral disorganization correlated with the amount of movements during gesture performance.Disorder related motor symptoms, aberrant action observation, planning and monitoring as well as internal clock abnormalities may explain the poor performance of hand gestures in schizophrenia. Quantitative video analysis offers a unique possibility to analyze movement patterns as a direct functional output of the motor system. In the future, it may assist monitoring, staging and prognosis in schizophrenia.

Simulated presence therapy for dementia.

Dementia is a common and serious neuropsychiatric syndrome, characterised by progressive cognitive and functional decline. The majority of people with dementia develop behavioural disturbances, also known as behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Several non-pharmacological interventions have been evaluated to treat BPSD in people with dementia. Simulated presence therapy (SPT), an intervention that uses video or audiotape recordings of family members played to the person with dementia, is a possible approach to treat BPSD. To assess the effects of SPT on behavioural and psychological symptoms and quality of life in people with dementia. We searched ALOIS (the Specialised Register of the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group), CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library) (9 February 2016), MEDLINE Ovid SP (1946 to 6 January 2017), Embase Ovid SP (1972 to 6 January 2017), PsycINFO Ovid SP (1806 to 6 January 2017), CINAHL via EBSCOhost (1980 to 6 January 2017), LILACS via BIREME (all dates to 6 January 2017), ClinicalTrials.gov (ClinicalTrials.gov) (all dates to 6 January 2017), and the World Health Organization (WHO) Portal (apps.who.int/trialsearch) (all dates to 6 January 2017). We also checked the reference lists of relevant articles to identify any additional studies. Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials, including cross-over studies, that evaluated the efficacy of SPT, consisting of personalised audio or videotape recordings of family members, in people with any form of dementia. Two authors independently selected studies, assessed risk of bias and extracted data. No meta-analyses were conducted because of substantial heterogeneity among the included studies. Three trials with 144 participants met the inclusion criteria. Two of the trials had a randomised cross-over design, one was a cross-over trial which we classified as quasi-randomised.Participants in the included studies were people with dementia living in nursing homes. They were predominantly women and had a mean age of over 80 years. SPT was performed using an audio or video recording prepared by family members or surrogates. It varied in its content, frequency of administration and duration. All the studies compared multiple treatments. In one study, SPT was compared with two other interventions; in the other two studies, it was compared with three other interventions. Specifically, SPT was compared to usual care, personalised music (two studies), a 'placebo' audiotape containing the voice of a person (two studies), and one-to-one social interaction performed by trained research assistants (one study). In terms of outcomes evaluated, one study considered agitation and withdrawn behaviour (both assessed with three methods); the second study evaluated verbal disruptive behaviour (assessed with three methods); and the third study evaluated physically agitated behaviour and verbally agitated behaviour (the method used was not clearly described).According to the GRADE criteria, the overall quality of the evidence was very low due to very small numbers of participants and risk of bias in the included studies; (none of the trials was at low risk of selection bias; all the trials were at high risk of performance bias; one trial was at high risk of attrition bias; and all had unclear selective reporting).Because of variation in the participants, the format of SPT, the comparison interventions, and the measures used to assess outcomes, we judged the results unsuitable for a meta-analysis.Within each trial, the effect of SPT on behaviour, compared to usual care, was mixed and depended on the measure used. Two trials which included a personalised music intervention reported no significant differences between simulated presence and music on behavioural outcomes. Because the overall quality of the evidence was very low, we were very uncertain regarding all the resultsNone of the studies evaluated quality of life or any of our secondary outcome measures (performance of activities of daily living, dropout and carer burden). We were unable to draw any conclusions about the efficacy of SPT for treating behavioural and psychological symptoms and improving quality of life of people with dementia. New high-quality studies are needed to investigate the effect of SPT.

In Memoru of Alexander M. Poniatoff (1892 – 1980)

A brief overview of the life and works of the main achievements of Alexander M. Poniatoff is given. He was an outstanding engineer and founder of AMPEX – American company that won the world recognition in the field of magnetic recording of signals. The description of life AM Poniatowa in childhood and youth, his education in Russia and Germany, in the imperial service, and the white army, emigration and employment in the United States, including the establishment of the company AMPEX details and interesting facts from its progressive development into a global leader audio and video equipment. The AMPEX engineers created the world's first tape recorders and videotape recorders of professional quality, which contributed to the radical improvement of the radio and television broadcasting technologies. Twelve development AMPEX awarded prizes Emmy Awards, awarded by the American Academy of Television Arts & Sciences and the four recognized as the best in the category Monitor Awards International Society of television production.

Implementation of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) of Mathematics Teachers in Teaching Practice: A Case Study

This study aims to describe the implementation of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of mathematics teachers in the teaching practice of the material system of linear equations of two variables (SLETV). The approach used is a qualitative case study. The main instrument is the researchers themselves and the supporting instruments is a vignette sheet, sheet Content Representation (CoRe), and video tape recorders (Handycam). Research procedure includes providing vignette sheets and sheets of CoRe, making instructional videos and conducting the interview. Data were analyzed using frameworks Karahasan. The results showed that the subject 1 (S1) found that the implementation of the PCK S1 when teaching increased from PCK S1 prior to the implementation of the teaching practice, while the subject 2 (S2) found that the implementation of the PCK S2 upon teaching declined from PCK S2 prior to the implementation of the teaching practice.

Objective and Subjective Eating Speeds Are Related to Body Composition and Shape in Female College Students

Eating speed reportedly relates to body composition and shape. Little is known about the relationship between the objectively assessed eating speed and the body composition and shape. This study examined relationships between eating speed as assessed both objectively and subjectively, and body composition and shape. The following variables of body composition and shape were measured in 84 female college students: body mass, relative body fat mass (%Fat), body mass index (BMI), and circumferences of the waist, abdomen and hip. After measuring the body composition and shape, subjects consumed a 174-kcal salmon rice ball. The following chewing variables were measured by observing videotape recordings of the subjects' faces: number of chews per bite, total number of chews, total meal duration, number of bites, and chewing rate. The subjects were categorized into three groups (fast, moderate and slow) according to their own subjective assessments of the actual eating speed. In objective assessments of the eating speed, the total number of chews and the total meal duration were significantly negatively correlated with the body mass, %Fat, BMI, and circumferences of the waist, abdomen and hip. In subjective eating-speed assessments, the body mass, %Fat, BMI, and circumferences of the waist, abdomen and hip were greater in the fast eating group than in the slow eating group. Both the objectively and subjectively assessed eating speeds are related to the body composition and shape. The present study supports that fast eating may relate to gains in body mass and/or fat mass.

Early Complications After Percutaneous Closure of Atrial Septal Defect in Infants with Procedural Weight Less than 15 kg

Atrial septal defect (ASD) is the most common congenital cardiac lesion accounting for 10–15% of all cardiac malformations. In the majority of cases, the secundum type of the ASD is closed percutaneously in the catheterization laboratory. Although transcatheter closure of ASD is considered safe and effective in pediatric patients, there are limited data regarding the efficacy and safety of device ASD closure in smaller infants. The aim of this study was to determine risk of complications within 72 h following device closure of ASD in children of body weight <15 kg compared to larger children. Overall 252 children who underwent transcatheter closure of ASD at Children’s Heart Centre in Lund, Sweden, between 1998 and 2015 were included. Data regarding demographics, comorbidity and complications occurring during and after device procedure until discharge were retrieved from the hospital’s databases. Echocardiographic data were obtained from the digital and videotape recordings. Nearly half of the study cohort (n = 112; 44%) had a procedural weight <15 (median 11.3) kg with a median procedural age of 2.02 years. Among this study group, 22 (9%) children had post-procedural in-hospital complications, of which 16 (7%) were considered as major and six (2%) considered as minor. No deaths occurred. There was no significant difference in of the occurrence of major or minor complications between the two groups (p = 0.32). Larger ASD was more often associated with minor complications, OR 1.37 (95% CI 0.99–1.89), which most often consisted of transient arrhythmias during or after the procedure. Percutaneous ASD device closure can be performed safely in low-weight infants with a risk of post-procedural in-hospital complications comparable to larger/older children. Nevertheless, careful considerations of the indications to device closure is needed, particularly in children with larger ASD, as recommended by the current international guidelines for ASD closure.

English

The general purpose of this research was to investigate the strategies utilized for vocabulary development of ten individuals (first year college students) in Graphic Art Department, School for The Handicapped, Anadolu University with hearing impairment. The reflective and cyclical data were consisted of videotape recordings of the actual lessons, audiotape recordings of the meeting of the validity committee, lesson plans, archival data, students&rsquo; artifacts and test results. During the instructions, based on the Balanced Literacy Instructional Approach (BLIA), direct and indirect vocabulary developing strategies were applied meaningfully, functionally and purposefully. The research findings indicated that the individuals with hearing impairment improved in their vocabulary and the application of combinations of direct and indirect vocabulary developing strategies repeated in various contexts is beneficial for the students&rsquo; vocabulary development.&nbsp; Key Words: Vocabulary, vocabulary developing strategies, individuals with hearing impairments, Balanced Literacy Instructional Approach.

Fostering EFL learners´ literacies through local inquiry in a multimodal experience

Addressing students’ social reality through the exploration of community inquiries in the English language class can create learning environments for developing students´ language and literacies. This paper addresses the question in what ways community inquiries create opportunities for students to explore social and cultural issues in their neighborhoods using multimodality. It discusses the role community inquiries play in the development of literacy practices of a group of 10th graders in their EFL class. This descriptive qualitative project carried out at a public institution in the south of Bogotá, Colombia involved 40 participants. The goal of the institutional project is to transform the way students relate to the community in order to create local knowledge. Data was collected through videotape recordings of students´ presentations, teacher´s journal, students´ interactions in Facebook and students´ blogs in a 2-year period. The findings reveal that teachers and students enacted a critical pedagogy through an inquiry curriculum that explored community issues and allowed participants to become inquirers of their own realities. Students´ language learning was evident in multimodal texts in English in their blogs, in the use of EFL in their oral presentations and in their comments in response to peers in Facebook and their blogs.

Fred Chang: The shape of things to come.

Chang’s work focuses on how cells sense and control their shape and size.

Classroom Discourse Structure in MTs Negeri Rantauprapat

The objectives of this study were to describe the classroom discourse structure, to describe how the classroom discourse is realized by teacher and students and the reasons for the realizations of the ways they are. The source of the data was English teacher and the students while the data are verbal and non verbal utterances of students and teachers. The instruments for collecting data were video tape recorder and researcher’s field note. The data were collected by observing and recording the utterances uttered by the teacher and students. The findings showed that the classroom discourse structures were dominantly realized by Initiation and Response (IR) structure. It was reflected in teacher direct, elicit and information exchanges was found that the classroom discourse structures. The other exchanges occur are boundary (framing and focusing move), directive, informing, check, accept, react, reply, nomination, marker, bid and conclusion acts. The reasons why the realization as the ways they are (1) teacher as a centre of interaction, (2) teacher gives some questions without any caring to the evaluation, appreciation and feedback without any feedback to make dialogue, (3) students have been disciplined not to speak in classes without a teacher’s direction, and most of them are unwilling to speak English. Keywords: Classroom Discourse Structures, Initiation and Response, Sinclair and Coulthard Theory

The Structure of English Classroom Discourse in SMP Negeri 1 Tebing Tinggi

This study is concerned with the structure of English classroom discourse in SMP Negeri 1 Tebing Tinggi. The objectives of this study were to describe the structures of English classroom discourse, to describe how the structures are linguistically realized and to reason for the realizations of the English class structure. The source of the data in this study was English teachers and also the students while the data are the utterances from the teacher and the students and semiotic markers as marked in the text. The instruments used for colleting data were video tape recorder and researcher’s fieldnote. The data were collected by observing and recording the utterances uttered by the teachers and students and writing all semiotics then classified them into types of exchanges as Sinclair and Coulthard theory. The research result mentioned that he structure of English classroom were teacher elicit, teacher direct, teacher information, boundary, pupil elicit, check, repeat, reinforce and reinitiating (II). These structures were dominantly realized by IR structure. English as a foreign language was also one point made the students afraid of uttering the utterances in teaching learning process. Keywords: classroom discourse, pattern, Sinclair and Coulthard theory, structures.

Building a classroom-based professional learning community through lesson study: insights from elementary school science teachers

Professional development of in-service teachers requires a sustainable and school-based model which will provide them with opportunities for collaboration in building an environment that supports their capacity-building and pedagogical improvement. In this professional development model, teachers are treated as central to the learning process, allowing them to be engaged in critically assessing their own improvement. A qualitative method was used in this study to explore the positive outcomes of lesson study as a professional development model. Data included transcripts from year-long interaction of the teachers and science education experts taken in various form such as reflective logs, audio and video-tape recordings, non-structured questions and formal written interviews. Analysis was done through the constant comparison method to reveal the coding patterns for the positive impact of lesson study. Teachers’ insights provided positive evidence that lesson study developed them professionally, especially in terms of enhancing their science content knowledge, improving their teaching strategies aligned to inquiry, building a collaborative and professional working environment, and recognizing the significance of post-lesson reflection and discussion. Results therefore show the growing acknowledgement of lesson study as a professional development model for in-service teachers which can possibly be adapted by other Asian and international education settings.

Turkish preservice science teachers’ socioscientific issues-based teaching practices in middle school science classrooms

Background: Despite a growing body of research and curriculum reforms including socioscientific issues (SSI) across the world, how preservice science teachers (PST) or in-service science teachers can teach SSI in science classrooms needs further inquiry.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the abilities of PSTs to teach SSI in middle school science classrooms, and the research question that guided the present study is: How can we characterize Turkish PSTs’ SSI-based teaching practices in middle school science classrooms (ages 11–14)?Sample: In order to address the research question of this study, we explored 10 Turkish PSTs’ SSI-based teaching practices in middle school science classrooms. A purposeful sampling strategy was used, thus, PSTs were specifically chosen because they were ideal candidates to teach SSI and to integrate SSI into the science curricula since they were seniors in the science education program who had to take the field experience courses.Design and method: The participants’ SSI teaching practices were characterized in light of qualitative research approach. SSI-based teaching practices were analyzed, and the transcripts of all videotape recordings were coded by two researchers.Results: The current data analysis describes Turkish PSTs’ SSI-based teaching practices under five main categories: media, argumentation, SSI selection and presentation, risk analysis, and moral perspective. Most of PSTs did not use media resources in their lesson and none of them considered moral perspective in their teaching. While the risk analyses were very simple and superficial, the arguments developed in the classrooms generally remained at a simple level. PSTs did not think SSI as a central topic and discussed these issues in a very limited time and at the end of the class period.Conclusions: The findings of this study manifest the need of the reforms in science education programs. The present study provides evidence that moral, media, argumentation, risk analysis, and pedagogical aspects of SSI-based instruction should be incorporated into educational courses designed for the Turkish teacher education programs such as the science teaching methods course. When we find ways to improve PSTs or science teachers’ SSI teaching practices in terms of these components, we can provide useful information for curriculum developers, policy-makers, and science educators in Turkey and other countries, that are facing similar problems. We believe that this study would initiate more investigative and exploratory studies toward this goal.

The Emotional Child Witness Effect Survives Presentation Mode.

The emotional witness effect - the phenomenon whereby people are affected by the emotional manner in which a witness presents testimony - constitutes a possible source of wrongful decisions in legal contexts. One stereotypical view of abused children is that they should be sad when talking about their experiences of maltreatment, whereas children may in fact express a variety of emotional expressions when talking about abusive events. This raises the question as to whether there is an optimal mode in which to present child victim testimony that could reduce the possible influence of displayed emotions. In the present study, mock police interviews were carried out with female child actors, role-playing the victims of physical abuse by their stepfather, telling the same story with four emotional expressions (neutral, sad, angry, or positive). Laypersons (N=465) were presented with the interviews as transcripts with the emotional reactions of the child witness noted, audio recordings, or videotaped recordings. Participants then rated the credibility of the victim witness. Replicating previous results, the "sad" expression elicited the highest credibility ratings across all modes of presentations. Presentation mode affected ratings of credibility, with the transcript versions resulting in the highest ratings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.