Video Vignettes Research Articles

An audio-video system for automated data acquisition in the clinical environment. LOTAS Group.

Our objective was to develop an audiovideo data acquisition system that facilitates studying the activities of anesthesia care providers in the clinical environment. Ceiling-mounted miniature video cameras, vital sign monitors, and videocassette recorders (VCRs) were interfaced to digital computers in two patient admitting areas and two operating rooms of a trauma center. This video data acquisition system network (VASNET) is simple to operate. Insertion of a videotape activates the system and begins video overlay of updated vital signs onto the video image every 5 sec. Recorded data is passed via a local area network, allowing remote monitoring of the data acquisition process. To facilitate analysis of the video at a later time, the image, soundtrack, and vital signs data are stamped with the same time code. Each tape is initialized by recording the data file name and wall clock time for 30 sec at the start of taping. This initialization enables comparison of the video recordings with anesthesia, surgical, and nursing records. During 2 years of operation, VASNET was used to record over 100 cases of acute trauma management. Vital signs overlaid onto the video image identified when patient monitors were in use and providing data. Participants found videotape review useful in assessing their own performance. VASNET was nonintrusive and acquired data with minimum user interaction. In one operating room, separate from the trauma center, VASNET was installed to function as a remote monitor, with the option of videotaping. Although users were aware of when videotaping occurred, once patient management was underway, the activities of the anesthesia care providers did not appear to be influenced by the videocassette recording. Equipment maintenance was not excessive. The most frequent problems were changes to the VCR control settings and disconnection of the power supply or interface connections. Videotapes of the process of anesthetizing and resuscitating trauma patients provided a record of the activities of anesthesia care providers. Video vignettes may be useful training tools. Excerpts from real scenarios can be incorporated into anesthesia stimulators. The soundtrack and timing of real events from such video acquisition may be useful in the development of multimedia simulations of trauma patient resuscitation. The data collection may be useful for research into human performance, ergonomics, training techniques, quality assurance, and certification of anesthesia care providers in trauma patient management. Potential additional applications of VASNET include remote monitoring of patients in the operating room, in the intensive care unit, during transportation, in hazardous environments, and in the field. Such VASNET telemetry may facilitate the availability of expert opinions during medical and other consultations.

An Innovative Language Treatment for a Child with High-Functioning Autism

This study describes, and determines the effectiveness of, an innovative treatment sequence designed to facilitate semantic/pragmatic language development in a child with high-functioning autism. The independent variable was a treatment sequence emphasizing video vignettes and role-plays. Dependent variables included efficient gaze, responding without delays, and topic maintenance. Findings and practitioner applications are provided.

Gender effects of romantic themes in erotica

The hypothesis that women would be more aroused to explicit erotica containing a romantic (rather than nonromantic) theme while men would not be affected by the thematic manipulation was tested, 164 college students (91 male and 73 female), 21 years of age and older, viewed one of four video vignettes taken from commercially available sexually explicit video tapes. The four videos represented the systematic manipulation of two independent variables: (i) high vs. low expression of love and affection (e.g, kissing, nongenital touching, and verbal expressions of caring); and (ii) high vs. moderate sexual explicitness (i.e., "hard" vs. "soft" X-rated material). The results indicated that both male and female subjects rated the high explicit/high romantic vignette as significantly more arousing than the high explicit/low romantic vignette. Thus, the finding for males was contrary to expectations. The results are, however, consistent with the recent movement to romanticize highly explicit sexual material. Theoretical implications of these findings are examined.

Reputation and adolescent drug use: A focus group study

ABSTRACTThirty four high school students were assigned to one of six focus groups according to their self-reported drug status (i.e., user, ex-user, nonuser). Allgroups viewed the same two video vignettes, and a drug user was identified as the target character in the second vignette. At the completion of each vignette they answered a series of questions about the target character in each video. Results indicated that adolescents assign reputations to persons according to the activities in which they engage, and that this assignment is influenced by their own similar or dissimilar activities. An analysis of vocabulary revealed that meaning was context specific to the subculture. In many instances nonusers were unaware of the meaning of the vocabulary used by their drug using peers.

Enhancing Arthur Andersen business ethics vignettes: Group discussions using cooperative/collaborative learning techniques

Arthur Anderson & Co. has made a significant contribution to assist and encourage the teaching of business ethics. They provided assistance initially through workshops and curriculum materials; currently they are using campus coordinators to disseminate information and materials. The curriculum materials can be used by the instructor to assist students in practicing their moral reasoning skills and cover four academic areas: Accounting, Finance, Marketing, and Management. These materials include business ethics video vignettes, suggestions on presentation methods, guidelines for implementing a stakeholders' analysis approach to ethical reasoning, and possible discussion questions. The vignettes present ethical dilemmas that persons may encounter in entry level positions. We have used the vignettes, the accompanying discussion questions, and the suggested stakeholder analysis in class presentations. This paper presents a discussion of the basic concepts associated with cooperative learning, an example of the implementation of cooperative learning techniques using the Arthur Andersen Accounting Ethics Vignettes, and empirical results of the influence of these particular group discussions on the students' ethical responses. We did not attempt to measure whether the individuals' moral levels changed, but whether the group discussions stimulated any changes in the students attitudes toward the particular ethical dilemma they viewed.

Video Vignettes: A Look at Physics in the Movies

Video Vignettes: A Look at Physics in the Movies

Vibrating string motions on videotape

Optical detection of string motion in two orthogonal directions has been used to examine the trajectory of a point on a vibrating string (or wire). The outputs of the optical detectors are exhibited on an X‐Y oscilloscope that, along with a frequency analyzer display, is photographed with a video camera. The system is used to show the complex motions that can result from nonlinear effects that occur if the usual simplified textbook assumption of constant tension is not valid. If a wire is driven electromagnetically with a planar force, the sudden onset of motion in the plane perpendicular to the driving force is observed to occur to a critical frequency. The resulting tubular motion commonly occurs in elementary student experiments on a driven vibrating string. A point on a plucked string can also be observed to follow the precessional motion predicted from nonlinear effects. Videotapes will be shown of these phenomena along with a short clip from the “What If…” series of video vignettes by John Wiley and Sons illustrating sound spectral effects in aged guitar strings.

An empirical study of defense mechanisms. I. Clinical interview and life vignette ratings.

The Defense Mechanism Rating Scales (DMRS) measure the use of defense mechanisms based on clinical interview or life vignette data. Using nonprofessional raters observing videotaped psychodynamic interviews of individuals with personality and affective disorders, the median intraclass interrater reliability (IR) of the defense scales was .36 but was .57 for group consensus ratings and .74 when related defenses were grouped into defense summary scales. When follow-up data on life vignettes were rated, the median interrater IR was .55 for those defenses occurring at least 5% of the time and .66 for the defense summary scales. In relation to follow-up data, so-called immature defenses (denial, projection, acting out, hypochondriasis, passive-aggression) were associated with higher levels of symptoms, poorer global functioning, and higher proportion of time impaired in psychosocial role functioning. Borderline defenses (splitting, projective identification) displayed a similar pattern. Among narcissistic and neurotic defenses, only devaluation was associated with poorer functioning, whereas intellectualization was associated with higher functioning. Finally, action and borderline defenses demonstrated significant correlations across methods and across time (video vs life vignettes), whereas obsessional, disavowal, and narcissistic defenses showed nonsignificant trends. Overall, these results support the model of a hierarchy of defenses.

Children's use of defense mechanisms in reaction to displeasure caused by others.

Two groups of children (mean ages = 7-0 and 10-1) were presented with eight video vignettes depicting unpleasant child-related situations. The child's defensive reaction was evaluated by means of an open-ended free response and by choice of one of four response alternatives: turning against the object, turning against the self, projection, and reversal. Sex- and age-related differences were predicted, and found in the younger age group: Boys chose turning against the object more often than did girls, who chose reversal more often than did boys.

Use of video vignettes in empathy training

Use of video vignettes in empathy training