Video Transmission Method Research Articles

A contrast sensitivity model of the human visual system in modern conditions for presenting video content.

Digital video incurs many distortions during processing, compression, storage, and transmission, which can reduce perceived video quality. Developing adaptive video transmission methods that provide increased bandwidth and reduced storage space while preserving visual quality requires quality metrics that accurately describe how people perceive distortion. A severe problem for developing new video quality metrics is the limited data on how the early human visual system simultaneously processes spatial and temporal information. The problem is exacerbated by the fact that the few data collected in the middle of the last century do not consider current display equipment and are subject to medical intervention during collection, which does not guarantee a proper description of the conditions under which media content is currently consumed. In this paper, the 27840 thresholds of the visibility of spatio-temporal sinusoidal variations necessary to determine the artefacts that a human perceives were measured by a new method using different spatial sizes and temporal modulation rates. A multidimensional model of human contrast sensitivity in modern conditions of video content presentation is proposed based on new large-scale data obtained during the experiment. We demonstrate that the presented visibility model has a distinct advantage in predicting subjective video quality by testing with video quality metrics and including our and other visibility models against three publicly available video datasets.

A comprehensive survey onQoSfor video transmission in heterogeneous mobile ad hoc network

AbstractMajor challenging issue in H‐MANETs (Heterogeneous Mobile Ad hoc Networks) is video transmission because it gets affected due to various factors like dynamic change in topology, interference, node mobility, collusion, and so on. Periodic connection is caused by the topology dynamic change, which leads to significant packet loss. Advancements provide the technical basis for video streaming over H‐MANETs in wireless networking and mobile devices. And efforts to achieve video transmission via H‐MANETs have run into some barriers, which have been overcome in various ways. Nonetheless, H‐MANETs are essential to provide video transmission certainty and quality provisioning. Due to the limited resources, the unreliability of wireless links, node mobility, and heterogeneity, establishing video streaming or enabling real‐time multimedia applications over H‐MANET with acceptable QoS (quality of service) poses several issues. The article's main goal is to survey QoS‐based video transmission in H‐MANETs. This study discusses the video transmission method in H‐MANET and the importance of the QoS that may be used for video transmission in H‐MANET. Various routing protocols and existing methodologies to improve QoS for video transmission in H‐MANET are discussed. In addition, the impact of delay in video transmission over H‐MANET has been discussed. Several obstacles and issues have been highlighted in providing QoS for video transmission in H‐MANET. From 2013 to 2021, a systematic literature review (SLR) is done for QoS‐based video transmission in the H‐MANET. This survey systematically gives the technical direction for research on QoS‐based video transmission and discusses potential future aspects.

Remote Driving Control With Real-Time Video Streaming Over Wireless Networks: Design and Evaluation

There is currently a large gap between current AI based autonomous-driving cars and fully autonomous cars. In such situation, remote control of cars can be a unique solution to fill the gap. Human assistance through remote driving can provide more flexibility and intelligence than a single artificial intelligence. Furthermore, remote driving enables valuable operational data to be obtained, thus laying the groundwork for gradually providing autonomous driving performance in the future. Remote driving of a vehicle is to drive a vehicle remotely via communication infrastructure. Latency in communication technology has a significant impact on the real-time control of the vehicles as well as responding to unexpected situations. For remotely driven vehicles, real-time transmission of data and images is particularly important. The latency or delay between a vehicle and the controller depends on the communication methods and transport protocols of the video streaming. Furthermore, the control or driving performance also depends on the speed of the vehicle. Therefore, in this paper, we explore the impact of different communication methods of video streaming and vehicle “speed” on the performance of remote driving.We design a vehicle remote driving system based on ROS (Robot Operating System) with ROS as the core communication architecture to realize remote control of vehicles. The video stream is transmitted using three different streaming methods such as ROS multi-computer communication, TCP protocol, and UDP protocol. To be specific, we implement a simple remote driving system for a “model” car and let multiple people drive the car through the remote driving system at different speeds. Then, we analyze how the drivers perform in terms of whether the vehicle gets off the track while driving.We quantify the performance of remote driving at different speeds and with different protocols of video transmission methods and perform comparative analysis. We find that “UDP protocol based video streaming” to achieve 720P video streaming with a latency of less than 50ms, which is helpful for further research on remote driving. Furthermore, to evaluate the impact of the video streaming approach on remote driving, we conduct some experiments by “directly” observing the vehicle with eyes instead of using video streaming. In this way, we remove the latency of video streaming. The experiment results show that the speed of the vehicle and the video streaming methods have a significant impact on the driving performance and demonstrate that the UDP protocol-based video streaming method is better suited for remote driving. The results imply that remote driving should be used in a low-speed environment rather than at high speed.

Design of Real-time Video Transmission System for Drone Reliability

The low-latency reliability video transmission system designed in this paper can complete the functions of real-time image acquisition, transmission and display. The system uses Raspberry Pi 3B+ controller as the core; the 500W pixel camera OV5647 module with CSI interface feature is used as the acquisition module to collect image data in real time and perform compression coding processing; adaptive control of image measurement and control data through 4G public mobile communication network transmission. The experimental results show that the reliability video transmission method designed in this paper can achieve low latency reliability transmission of 480P and 720P resolutions. It can ensure low-latency reception of HD images at the receiving end, and the receiving frame rate is stable above 11FPS, which satisfies the system design requirements.

Key Information Recognition Algorithm for Mobile Network Video Propagation based on Discrete GMM-HMM

In view of the problem that mobile network video transmission is prone to traffic congestion, the key information identification is carried out to improve the mobility of mobile network video transmission. A key information recognition method for mobile network video transmission is proposed based on Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM-HMM). The key information after feature separation is input into the neural network classifier to detect and process the key information of mobile network video transmission, and the key information identification of mobile network video transmission is completed. The simulation results show that the proposed method has strong anti-jamming ability, high probability of accurate recognition and good convergence of GMM-HMM Model, which improves the recognition efficiency.

视频流分片编码的无人机视频传输方法

视频流分片编码的无人机视频传输方法

A compression and transmission method for surveillance video data using SPICE protocol and DWT in cloud desktop environment

In order to solve the problem that the transmission of surveillance video in cloud desktop environment will take up a large amount of network bandwidth, and the video data compression and transmission decompression program is complex, the picture quality is blurred, and the effect of SPICE accessing virtual machine is poor under the conditions of wireless and external network, a method of surveillance video data compression and transmission using SPICE protocol in cloud desktop environment is proposed. Firstly, the overall architecture of cloud desktop system is designed based on SPICE desktop virtual framework. Then, the MJPEG algorithm is used to compress the data, and the discrete wavelet transform is used to transmit the data, which will reduce the bandwidth of video data transmission and improve the transmission efficiency. Finally, the video frame is coded and transmitted by the client. The qemu-kvm server receives the coded data, decodes and restores it to the original frame, and then processes it at the back end. The experimental results show that the data compressed can greatly improve the transmission efficiency and the anti-jamming ability of video transmission, achieve the goal of accurate and efficient design, and further enhance the user’s overall experience of accessing virtual machines through SPICE.

Multimedia learning platform development and implementation based on cloud environment

In recent years, with the rapid development of cloud computing, the massive storage capacity and massive computing power of cloud computing have brought new development opportunities to the security field. The traditional tourism professional multimedia teaching platform is also difficult to meet the current massive storage video. The demand for data, although there are work has been tried to deploy in the cloud environment, but a versatile platform is still an industry challenge. This paper designs and implements a cloud-based video surveillance platform based on the real-time, security, bandwidth dependence and high transmission cost of the multimedia professional teaching field. The cloud storage technology is used to solve the heterogeneity of video data. Use the cloud to solve the scalability of the platform. Then use H.264 video coding standard and RTSP video real-time transmission protocol to solve the problem of bandwidth dependence and real-time, and propose to build an embedded sensor network to carry out identity identification and centralized control separately. The network is dynamically tied to IP. The fixed video transmission method indirectly solves the instability of dynamic IP, and makes full use of FTTH resources, reducing the user cost.

Video Enhancement Techniques Employed Over the Decade for Reliable Communication

Traditional networks are designed to meet the needs of streaming video on the Internet. Relatively high standards of broadband connections and video broadband services make the best effort for certain specific video information and transmission methods to appear at any time to reduce network constraints. Video quality is directly related to the basic ability of the phone to send and receive data from time to time for playback. Record videos from your mobile phone are facing various challenges that have been overcome by a variety of methods. In an extremely robust and unpredictable environment, transversal hardware provides adequate video. Conventional networks are designed to meet the needs of streaming video over the Internet. Relatively high standards of broadband connections and video broadband services make the best effort for certain specific video information and transmission methods to appear at any time to reduce network constraints. Video quality is directly related to the basic ability of the phone to send and receive data from time to time for playback. Record videos from your mobile phone are facing various challenges that have been overcome by a variety of methods. In an extremely robust and unpredictable environment, transversal hardware provides adequate video.

A Study on the Method of Multi-Modem Concurrent Video Transmission in Weak-Signal and Partially-No-Signal Areas

Considering the problem that video could not be reliably transmitted in weak-signal and partially-no-signal areas just through one carrier wireless network channel for those in-field applications, a multi-modem concurrent video transmission method and system is proposed in this paper. The presented system is a pure application layer solution which mainly consists of the sending end, the receiving end, and the transmission module. The sending end realizes the dynamic load balancing according to information such as the packet loss rate from the feedback of RTCP, and the receiving end sorts and automatically reorganizes the disordered RTP packets then provides the channel evaluation information for the load balancing through the QoS corresponding to the RTCP packet transport channel and packet loss rate. Finally, test cases are designed to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The results show that the said solution is satisfactorily capable of realizing multi-modem concurrent video transmission in weak-signal and partially-no-signal areas.

Video Transmission Technique through Dual Transmission of Visible Light / Non-Audible Sound Communication in VLC System

Background/Objectives: In this paper, we study the video transmission technique through dual transmission technique which uses visible light communication and non - audible sound communication simultaneously in visible light communication system.Methods/Statistical analysis: In high-speed video and multimedia transmission environments, existing visible light communication(VLC) has a problem in that communication is disconnected when visible light does not reach directly or when a shadow area occurs due to an obstacle. Unlike RF communication, if the line of sight due to direct light is not secured, the communication performance deteriorates sharply. In order to solve such a problem, the non-audible sound communication is transmitted in dual with visible light communication so that communication disruption does not occur when a shadow region due to an obstacle occurs. We also proposed a scheme to improve the overall system through diversity gain.Findings: We proposed the video transmission method through dual transmission technique to improve the data rate and quality via VLC and sound communication. This solves the problem of shadowing of existing visible light communication. We expect that the performance of the entire system will be improved through diversity gain through dual transmission.Improvements/Applications: The dual transmission technique which uses visible light communication and non - audible sound communication system can be applied as fusion technology to various environments such as an IoT network environment requiring a bidirectional network or an indoor small-scale network configuration and a home network configuration.

Stochastic stable buffer control for quality-adaptive HEVC video transmission in enterprise WLAN architectures

Transmission of high efficiency video coding (HEVC) video streams over error-prone enterprise wireless local area networks (WLAN) architectures is challenging because of the difficulties in buffer overflow management in the switches within enterprise WLAN architectures. Thus, this paper proposes a new quality-aware video transmission method for company-wide enterprise WLAN architectures by combining video transmission technologies with a distributed stochastic buffering model that jointly controls power consumption and queue stabilization. After conducting extensive simulations with HEVC test sequences, significant video quality improvements are observed with the average Y-PSNR gain of 3.33 dB.

Scalable Video Transmission Over Wireless Networks Based on Loss Distribution and Layer Information

We propose an efficient scalable video transmission method using unequal forward error correction (FEC) scheme based on loss distribution and layer information. The actual packet loss rates over wireless networks are variable due to the clustered packet losses. First, we deduce the expected packet loss recovery rate from the estimation of the effective packet loss rate using loss distribution statistics. Second, layer-based distortion metric is presented including error propagation effects from hierarchical prediction structure in compressed scalable video packets. Third, the performance metric for FEC assignment is proposed from the layer-based distortion metric and the expected packet loss recovery rate. Finally, the FEC assignment algorithm is proposed for maximizing the performance metric. The proposed unequal FEC assignment method demonstrates robustness and significantly improved performance for scalable video transmission in various channel conditions compared to previous FEC assignment schemes.

Research and Implementation of RTP/RTCP in Mobile Video Surveillance System

As people for the need on more security, traditional fixed video surveillance cannot satisfied with people’s varying requirements. This paper demonstrates the framework of a set of mobile video surveillance which support CDMA2000/TD-SCDMA/WCDMA network, RTP protocol is chosen as the transport protocol and H.264 is chosen as the video compression standard. Select RTCP protocol gather packet loss fraction parameter that controls the transmission rate of RTP traffic. We analyze RTP/RTCP protocol and media data transmission process in video surveillance system; discuss the current video transmission method in video surveillance system, the problem of packet loss while transporting video data, and extract packet process of RTP packet.

Classification-based Multi-client Video Transmission over Heterogeneous Networks

These Real-time video streaming over networks operates under stringent network resource constraints, with multiple video clients competing for limited network resources. In this paper, we study the problem of bandwidth allocation for video transmission over heterogeneous networks, with multiple video clients connecting to the video server simultaneously and demanding for the video services, and aim to provide the best possible Quality of Service (QoS) under limited bandwidth of both the video server and multiple video clients. We propose a classification-based approach for multi-client video transmission over heterogeneous networks (CMVT). Firstly, the video server detects the available bandwidth of multiple video clients and classifies the clients into different classes. Secondly, the limited export bandwidth of the server is allocated to different video clients using the client classification results and greedy algorithm. Finally, the video server transmits video streams to video clients in different classes through Unicast and clients in the same class through Unicast and forwarding. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed video transmission method can use the network bandwidth efficiently and provide better video quality to more video clients

Multi-view video transmission method based on depth-map and distributed video coding

Multi-view video transmission method based on depth-map and distributed video coding

Play-Out Constrained Dynamic Packet Loss Protection for Scalable Video Transmission

This paper analyzes the conventional unequal erasure protection (UXP) scheme for scalable video transmission, and proposes a dynamic hybrid UXP/ARQ transmission framework to improve the performance of the conventional UXP method for bandwidth-constrained scalable video transmission. This framework applies automatic retransmission request (ARQ) to the conventional UXP scheme for scalable video transmission, and dynamically adjusts the transmission time budget of each group of picture (GOP) according to the feedback about the transmission results of the current and previous GOPs from the receiver. Moreover, the parameter of target video quality is introduced and optimized to adapt to the channel condition in pursuit of more efficient dynamic time allocation. In addition, considering the play-out deadline constraint, the time schedule for the proposed scalable video transmission system is presented. Simulation results show that compared with the conventional UXP scheme and its enhanced method, the average peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) of the reconstructed video can be improved significantly over a wide range of packet loss rates. Besides, the visual quality fluctuation among the GOPs can be reduced for the video which has much movement change.

Ad Hoc网络中的视频传输方法与技术综述<br>Overview of Video Transmission Methods and Techniques in Ad Hoc Networks

Ad Hoc网络由于拓扑变化以及节点的移动导致路径经常性中断，使得Ad Hoc网络信道误码率和传输丢包率高，这给视频传输带来了新的挑战。因此，研究适合Ad Hoc网络的视频编码和传输方法成为了当今一大热点。在结合Ad Hoc网络传输特性的基础上，从视频编码、传输和接收端同时入手，对目前Ad Hoc网络视频传输的研究现状和主要方法进行了系统的论述，并对适合Ad Hoc网络传输视频的新机制及其关键技术进行了展望。 Topology change and nodes move in Ad Hoc networks leads to regular interruption of the path, making Ad Hoc network channel bit error rate and transmission packet loss rate very high .This brings a new challenge for video transmission. As a result, research on video coding and transmission methods that suitable for Ad Hoc networks has become a hot spot today. On the basis of transmission characteristics of Ad Hoc networks, it starts with video encoding, video transmission and the receiver all together, gives a systematic introduction to the current research status and main methods of video transmission in Ad Hoc networks, moreover forecasts the future of the key technologies and new mechanisms which are suitable for video transmission in Ad Hoc networks.

Three-Dimensional Media for Mobile Devices

This paper aims at providing an overview of the core technologies enabling the delivery of 3-D Media to next-generation mobile devices. To succeed in the design of the corresponding system, a profound knowledge about the human visual system and the visual cues that form the perception of depth, combined with understanding of the user requirements for designing user experience for mobile 3-D media, are required. These aspects are addressed first and related with the critical parts of the generic system within a novel user-centered research framework. Next-generation mobile devices are characterized through their portable 3-D displays, as those are considered critical for enabling a genuine 3-D experience on mobiles. Quality of 3-D content is emphasized as the most important factor for the adoption of the new technology. Quality is characterized through the most typical, 3-D-specific visual artifacts on portable 3-D displays and through subjective tests addressing the acceptance and satisfaction of different 3-D video representation, coding, and transmission methods. An emphasis is put on 3-D video broadcast over digital video broadcasting-handheld (DVB-H) in order to illustrate the importance of the joint source-channel optimization of 3-D video for its efficient compression and robust transmission over error-prone channels. The comparative results obtained identify the best coding and transmission approaches and enlighten the interaction between video quality and depth perception along with the influence of the context of media use. Finally, the paper speculates on the role and place of 3-D multimedia mobile devices in the future internet continuum involving the users in cocreation and refining of rich 3-D media content.

A new fast P2P video transmission method applied in asymmetrical speed channel environment

In an asymmetrical speed channel environment like asymmetric digital subscriber line, the up-link bandwidth is normally smaller than the down-link bandwidth, which will lead to extremely low utilization of down-link bandwidth when current P2P video transmission is applied. To overcome this, a new fast P2P video transmission method applied in an asymmetrical speed channel environment is proposed in this paper. On the basis of the many-to-one concept, the proposed method uses a new multi-peer aggregation technique to enhance the utilization of down-link bandwidth. In addition, an adaptive peer assignment algorithm is also introduced in order to minimize the overall transmission time. Experimental results show that by using our proposed method, the utilization of down-link bandwidth is significantly improved, and the overall transmission time is greatly reduced.