Video Recording System Research Articles

A randomized trial to test the impact of parent communication on improving in-vehicle feedback systems

This randomized controlled trial evaluated the impact of integrating Steering Teens Safe, a parent communication intervention, with feedback from an in-vehicle video recording system. In-vehicle video systems that trigger a recording when the vehicle exceeds a g-force threshold have been used to provide feedback to young drivers. Few of these programs have involved parental engagement. Parent-teen dyads were randomized to three groups and 150 dyads completed the study. All groups received an in-vehicle video system that recorded driving events. The control group received no feedback or intervention. In the first intervention group, teens received real-time feedback, and parent-teen dyads received summary feedback, based on information recorded by the in-vehicle system. The second intervention group received the same feedback, plus parents were taught strategies to improve communication with their teen about safe driving. The primary outcome variable was unsafe driving event rates per 1000 miles driven and the primary independent variable was group assignment. Generalized linear models were used to calculate effect estimates. Compared with the control group, the Event Recorder Feedback group had a rate ratio of 0.35 (95% CI = 0.24 – 0.50) and the combined intervention group (Event Recorder Feedback and parent communication) had a rate ratio of 0.21 (95% CI = 0.15 – 0.30). Furthermore, the combined intervention group had a significantly lower event rate than the Event Recorder Feedback only group (rate ratio = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.41 – 0.87). While in-vehicle feedback systems can help reduce unsafe driving events in early independent driving, teaching parents strategies for effective communication with their young driver may further improve impact.

Организация единой системы непрерывной видеорегистрации хирургических операций в Калужском филиале МНТК «Микрохирургия глаза»

Организация единой системы непрерывной видеорегистрации хирургических операций в Калужском филиале МНТК «Микрохирургия глаза»

Measurement of percent time spent following on two-lane highways: an exploration of spot and space-based methodologies

Percent Time Spent Following (PTSF) is used as a key performance measure for two-lane highways as recommended by the HCM2010. PTSF is the average percent of total travel time that vehicles must travel in platoons behind slower vehicles due to inability to pass. Despite its acceptance as performance indicator, PTSF is difficult to measure directly in the field. It is therefore estimated using a surrogate measure based on the spot percent of vehicles travelling with headways less than three seconds (3 s) at a fixed point. However, the application of the 3 s headways as the sole criterion in the surrogate measure is still contentious. On the basis of definition, PTSF is both spatial and temporal variable whereas its estimation is based on fixed point. It is therefore desirable to develop a spatial measurement approach for PTSF that takes into consideration of travel time. A new method was therefore developed for spatial measurement of PTSF using a test vehicle equipped with a GPS-based speed acquisition and video recording system. This study explores the spot and spatial measurement techniques of PTSF. The indicator was then measured using the two approaches concurrently. Data for the study were sampled from 18 directional segments of two-lane two-way highways in Johor and Pahang States, Malaysia. Subsequently, the estimates from these approaches were compared. On comparing the PTSF values from the spot and space-based approaches, it was discovered the latter approach produced lower values than the former in most instances. A statistical test of difference of means at 95% confidence level indicated that the estimates from the two techniques do not differ significantly. This implies that PTSF from spot measurement do not differ much from those based spatial approach developed in this study. Finding from this effort would at least substantiate the application of the spot-based PTSF measuring technique; an issue that has been debatable. It also serves as a response to the contentious issue, which has not received the desired attention from experts previously.

Proposals for optimizing sea lamprey passage through a vertical‐slot fishway

AbstractMovement of sea lamprey through a vertical‐slot fishway (built at the Coimbra dam, in central Portugal) was continuously monitored between 2013 and 2016 by a video recording system. Visual count data were used to quantify the overall successful movements and identify seasonal and circadian patterns of fishway use. Explicative models (Boosted Regression Trees) were used to study the relationship between frequency of successful movements during the species migration peak and environmental variables. The aim of the study was to identify predictors that may be related with successful sea lamprey upstream migration through the fishway. Collected information was used to support further management recommendations for optimizing the fishway performance. During the 4‐year study, near 50,000 lampreys successfully negotiated the Coimbra dam fishway reaching the upper stretch of river Mondego. Migratory peak occurred between April and May with an increase in passages during the night period (between 11 p.m. and 6 a.m.). It was observed an increase in use frequency that was related with the combined effect of flow and temperature. Higher passages were achieved when Coimbra dam discharge flows are lower than 100 m3/s and temperature between 15 and 19°C. Flow discharges higher than 150 m3/s seemed to inhibit successful sea lamprey passage. In dry years, when flows are almost constantly lower than 50 m3/s, temperature was the most important factor influencing fishway use.

Development of geo-tagging video app to assist road development projects in the Philippines

The Philippines consists of over 7000 separate islands, of which around 2000 are populated. In a drive to promote economic growth and prosperity, the government, together with the World Bank, is investing heavily in road building. In order to realise the strategic vision for this road investment programme, the following major challenges were identified. (a) The Philippines road network is extensive yet fragmented, and falls under the responsibility of many levels of government. (b) There is currently no comprehensive mapping of the road network. (c) Historically, road investment has been opaque and highly politicised, with poor governance and corruption undermining delivery. Good financial governance without visibility or transparency is almost impossible to achieve. Smartphones were chosen as the tool to provide the required levels of accountability needed for large-scale infrastructure investment projects. Using the built-in video recording and global positioning system capabilities of these widely available devices, the major investors were able to see exactly where and why road building is needed and to monitor how their money is spent. This innovative solution has proven to be a success and is now being considered as the template for how similar investments can be monitored in countries of a similar nature.

Using of Wearable Recording Technology for Surgical Training Video in Living Donor Liver Transplantation

Introduction: As surgical video recording technology has developed, trainee education using educational video has been made.In case of laparotomy, video recording system using a surgical video crane has been introduced and many surgeons present own video in congress or society meetings. However, the view in the surgical field is different from that of the surgical video, and the view of the 1st assistant is also slightly different from the video image. In addition, when the first assistant or operator concentrates the focus on the field, it is difficult to actually capture what their hands are doing. In other words, recorded video has a limitation in terms of education because it does not carry all the role of the participant. Method: A head mount was used to fix the camera on the operating surgeon's head. The recorded video was subsequently edited and used as a teaching tool. The procedure recorded were recipient hepatectomy, hepatic vein anastomosis, portal vein anastomosis, hepatic artery anastomosis, bile duct anastomosis. Each video clip were edited for trainee education including indicator, subtitles and narration. Result: The recorded video clips were high quality, which allowed for zooming and visualization of the surgical anatomy clearly. The camera can be mounted on the surgeon's head, so we could get a view of surgeons or 1st assistant. The trainees were able to perform image training through video before entering the surgery and showed a little more adaptation to surgery. Conclusion: Head-mounted action camera video recording system is a good model for making high quality, educational video module, and can be a useful teaching tool in living donor liver transplantation surgery.

Ignition of Hovering Droplets of Organic Coal Water Fuels

An experimental study has been made of the ignition of droplets of organic coal water fuels prepared from moist waste (obtained by the flotation technique) of coal washing and used industrial oils with the use of a high-speed system of video recording of the processes proceeding in a model combustion chamber. A comparison has been made between the ignition inertias characteristics of a single droplet of organic coal water fuels, a group of three droplets, as well as of a polydisperse flow of a slurry fuel. All experiments were performed for hovering droplets (upon dehydration of the surface layer they are considered as particles) of organic coal water fuels in a model combustion chamber filled with heated air (the temperature was from 800 to 900 K). The established differences between the ignition characteristics of the slurry fuels in the three investigated schemes illustrate the possibility of prognostic evaluation of ignition characteristics of droplet aerosols of organic coal water fuels with the example of a single droplet. We present the dependences of ignition characteristics of single hovering droplets of organic coal water fuels of various component compositions on the group of diagnostic variables (temperature and flow velocity of the oxidizer, initial sizes of droplets, and concentration of the component composition). The prospects of using the obtained experimental results to optimize the performance of power-generating plants are shown.

Video graphic (Biomechanical) reliability and validity Coefficient of forty yards shuttle run test of Females of high altitude Himachal Pradesh

Research scholar has selected the topic with the purpose to find out reliability coefficient of selected forty yards shuttle run test variables video graphically recorded and analyzed repeatedly of female habitat of Himachal Pradesh University of Shimla. With the following objectives. To find out the “Vedio graphic Biomechanical Reliability and Validity of Selected Variable of Forty Yards Shuttle Run Test of Females of High Altitude Himachal Pradesh”. The study was delimited to 30 female students of physical education Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla. (High altitude = 2276 meters). The data were collected using 2D video recording system. The data were analyzed using 2D video analysis (Kinovea 0.8.15). The age of the subjects were ranging from 18 to 25 years.

System of Video Recording as Evidence in the Investigation and Interrogation Process in South Korea

System of Video Recording as Evidence in the Investigation and Interrogation Process in South Korea

Anterior communicating artery division in the endoscopic endonasal translamina terminalis approach to the third ventricle: an anatomical feasibility study.

Endonasal endoscopic approaches (EEA) to the third ventricle are well described but generally use an infrachiasmatic route since the suprachiasmatic translamina terminalis corridor is blocked by the anterior communicating artery (AComA). The bifrontal basal interhemispheric translamina terminalis approach has been facilitated with transection of the AComA. The aim of the study is to describe the anatomical feasibility and limitations of the EEA translamina terminalis approach to the third ventricle augmented with AComA surgical ligation. Endoscopic dissections were performed on five cadaveric heads injected with colored latex using rod lens endoscopes attached to a high-definition camera and a digital video recorder system. A stepwise anatomical dissection of the endoscopic endonasal transtuberculum, transplanum, translamina terminalis approach to the third ventricle was performed. Measurements were performed before and after AComA elevation and transection using a millimeter flexible caliper. Multiple comparison statistical analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in vertical exposure between the control condition and after AComA elevation, between the control condition and after AComA division and between the AComA elevation and division (p < 0.05). The mean difference in exposed surgical area was statistically significant between the control and after AComA division and between elevation and AComA division (p < 0.01), whereas it was not statistically significant between the control condition and AComA elevation (NS). The anatomical feasibility of clipping and dividing the AComA through an EEA has been demonstrated in all the cadaveric specimens. The approach facilitates exposure of the suprachiasmatic optic recess within the third ventricle that may be a blind spot during an infrachiasmatic approach.

Classifying and predicting risky driving among novice drivers: A group-based trajectory approach

Introduction: Classifying risky driving among new teenage drivers is important for efficiently targeting driving interventions. We thoroughly investigated whether novice drivers can be clustered by their driving outcome profiles over time. Methods: A sample of 51 newly licensed teen drivers was recruited and followed over a period of 20 weeks. An in-vehicle video recording system was used to gather data on dangerous driving events referred to as DDEs (elevated g-force, near-crash, and crash events), risky driving behaviors referred to as RDBs (e.g., running stop signs, cell phone use while driving), and miles traveled. The DDE and RDB weekly rates rate were determined by dividing the number of DDEs and RDBs in a week by the number of miles traveled in that week, respectively. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to map the clustering of DDE rate and RDB rate patterns over time and their associated covariates. Results: Two distinct DDE rate patterns were found. The first group (69.1% of the study population) had a lower DDE rate which was consistent over time. The second had a higher DDE rate pattern (30.9%) and characterized by a rising trend in DDE rate followed by a steady decrease (inverted U-shaped pattern). Two RDB rate patterns were also identified: a lower RDB rate pattern (83.4% of the study population) and a higher RDB rate pattern (16.6%). RDB and DDE rate patterns were positively related, and therefore, co-occurred. The results also showed that males were more likely than females to be in the higher DDE and RDB rate patterns. Conclusion: The groups identified by trajectory models may be useful for targeting driving interventions to teens that would mostly benefit as the different trajectories may represent different crash risk levels. Practical applications: Parents using feedback devices to monitor the driving performance of their teens can use the initial weeks of independent driving to classify their teens as low or high-risk drivers. Teens making a very few DDEs during their early weeks of independent driving are likely to remain in the lower risk group over time and can be spared from monitoring and interventions. However, teens making many DDEs during their initial weeks of unsupervised driving are likely to continue to make even more DDEs and would require careful monitoring and targeted interventions.

Heat and mass transfer induced by the ignition of single gel propellant droplets

This experimental research studies the gas-phase ignition of single droplets of several gel propellant compositions based on ethyl alcohol with a gellant, liquid and fine solid combustible components. Droplets 2 mm in diameter were located on a holder and heated in a muffle furnace at a temperature ranging from 873 to 1073 K. A software and hardware system of high-speed video recording (4200 frames per second at full resolution) allowed the analysis of consistent patterns in the physical and chemical processes occurring during the induction period. For the compositions under study, we determined the threshold conditions (minimum ambient temperature of 873–943 K) required for the gel propellant ignition as well as the dependences of the ignition delay times versus air temperature. The ignition delay times range from 0.1 to 3.3 s. If the ignition does not start within this period, it will not occur after a longer heating time, since the propellant droplets evaporate completely. For the first time, using the shadow methods, we analyze the characteristics of vapor jetting during the induction period as a result of microexplosions caused by the differences in the boiling points of fuel components. The average vapor jetting speed is about 3 m/s. The size of the zones, in which the vapors slow down to zero, ranges from 6 to 8 mm. We determine the consistent patterns of changes in the diameter of the sphere-shaped gas-vapor envelope around the propellant droplet at the moment of ignition at different ambient temperatures. The higher the temperature, the higher the intensity of physical and chemical processes. This shortens the ignition delay times. At relatively high air temperatures (over 1050 K), the diameter of the flammable gas-vapor envelope around the propellant droplet at the moment of ignition is three times smaller than this value at the near-threshold ignition conditions, when the diameter of the fuel vapor envelope is about 9 mm (more than four typical initial droplet diameters). The results obtained helped us formulate a physical model of the process, which may serve as the basis for the development of a mathematical model simulating the ignition of gel propellant droplets under rapid heating. Such a mathematical model will make it possible to reliably forecast the characteristics of the process in a wide variation range of propellant properties, droplet configurations and parameters of the heating source.

Self-debriefing Model Based on an Integrated Video-Capture System: An Efficient Solution to Skill Degradation

Video-based teaching is considered highly effective in debriefing, especially in minimally invasive surgeries. In this study, the benefits of using a new integrated video recording system, were investigated and compared to those of the standard basic skills robotic training procedure. Fifty residents from the 2nd and 3rd year medical faculty without any experience of robot usage or laparoscopy were randomized into 2 groups: group A--a natural self-training group without a trainer, and group B--a self-training group assisted by an integrated video recording system during training. The training was divided into four 2-hour sessions, with a 72-hour delay between each session. Two tasks were selected for testing on the dV-Trainer, a virtual reality based robotic simulator: Match board 2 and Thread the Rings 1. After each session, the practice video recorded by the system of group B was transferred to the residents' smartphones for self-debriefing. At the end of each session, the performance score was evaluated automatically by using the simulator to plot learning curves A and B. Group A showed a significant drop in performance score due to skill decay caused by the 72-hour delay. Group B exhibited a regular stepwise rising learning curve. At the end of the training, group B showed a significantly higher performance score both in Match board 2 and Thread the Rings 1. The autoanalysis and capture function, which selects only the critical errors and most valuable parts, could facilitate time saving. The use of an integrated video recording system makes the self-manipulated protocol with own smartphone feasible to improve training efficiency and overcome the skill decay during robotic surgical training.

Teen driver system modeling: a tool for policy analysis

BackgroundMotor vehicle crashes remain the leading cause of teen deaths in spite of preventive efforts. Prevention strategies could be advanced through new analytic approaches that allow us to better conceptualize the complex processes underlying teen crash risk. This may help policymakers design appropriate interventions and evaluate their impacts.MethodsSystem Dynamics methodology was used as a new way of representing factors involved in the underlying process of teen crash risk. Systems dynamics modeling is relatively new to public health analytics and is a promising tool to examine relative influence of multiple interacting factors in predicting a health outcome. Dynamics models use explicit statements about the process being studied and depict how the elements within the system interact; this usually leads to discussion and improved insight. A Teen Driver System Model was developed by following an iterative process where causal hypotheses were translated into systems of differential equations. These equations were then simulated to test whether they can reproduce historical teen driving data. The Teen Driver System Model that we developed was calibrated on 47 newly-licensed teen drivers. These teens were recruited and followed over a period of 5-months. A video recording system was used to gather data on their driving events (elevated g-force, near-crash, and crash events) and miles traveled.ResultsThe analysis suggests that natural risky driving improvement curve follows a course of a slow improvement, then a faster improvement, and finally a plateau: that is, an S-shaped decline in driving events. Individual risky driving behavior depends on initial risk and driving exposure. Our analysis also suggests that teen risky driving improvement curve is created endogenously by several feedback mechanisms. A feedback mechanism is a chain of variables interacting with each other in such a way they form a closed path of cause and effect relationships.ConclusionsTeen risky driving improvement process is created endogenously by several feedback mechanisms. The model proposed in the present article to reflect this improvement process can spark discussion, which may pinpoint to additional processes that can benefit from further empirical research and result in improved insight.

Correlation search between growth performance and flock activity in automated assessment of Pekin duck stocking density

In recent years, duck production has been changed from conventional free range and open water outdoors to confinement in birdhouses. And the concept of animal welfare in high stocking density begins to be accepted in China. The search of the relationship between growth performance and flock activity of Pekin ducks with different stocking densities using camera surveillance has great potential as an aid to improving flock management.The aim of this study was to determine the impact of stocking density on growth performance and activity of Pekin duck flocks. Furthermore, the correlation between growth performance and the activity of White Pekin ducks was investigated. Eventually, it will generate an automatic method for monitoring growth performance and stocking density evaluation of Pekin ducks. All ducks (24 days of age, n = 1200) were randomly allotted into 5 stocking density groups of 5 ducks/m2, 6 ducks/m2, 7 ducks/m2, 8 ducks/m2, 9 ducks/m2, with 6 replicates for each group. One group was selected for monitoring the activity of ducks using video recording system. The optical flow measures were extracted to describe the duck flock activity statistically using night video data. On the 24 and 42 days of age, sample collection was conducted for initial and final body weight (BW) measurements respectively. The results showed that the stocking density had significant effects on final BW and weight gain (P < 0.05), but not on feed intake and feed/gain (P > 0.05). The stocking density also had significant effects on mean and variance of optical flow produced by duck flock activity throughout the experimental duration. In the last, a significant relation was found between the mean of optical flow and final BW (r2 = +0.87).These results show that the proposed method has potential in automatic growth monitoring and stocking density management of Pekin ducks. It can cut out the bio-security risk and animal stress of having people actually visiting duck houses.

Method for Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of Proprioceptive Perception of Single-joint Arm Movements

The phenomenon of reproduction of the series of passive single-joint movements in the tested arm by the contralateral arm just in the course of passive movements with no visual control was studied in 35 healthy subjects and 13 post-stroke patients in order to develop a new method for objective assessment of sense of the arm motion for the detection of proprioceptive deficit and for monitoring of the changes in proprioception during rehabilitation. We examined the reproduction of flexion–extension at the elbow and wrist joints, abduction–adduction at the wrist joint and the forearm pronation–supination in both right and left arms in healthy subjects and in the affected arm in post-stroke patients. Displacements of the angles in the tested joint and a homonymous joint of the other arm were acquired by means of video recording system, goniometers, or 9-DoF inertional-magnetometric sensors. Qualitative and quantitative indicators were evaluated to assess the similarity of the passive and active movements. It has been found that the healthy subjects are able to actively reproduce the repeated passive movements at different joints of either the left or right tested arm almost simultaneously and with quite accurate reproduction of an amplitude and shape of movement. At the same time, most of post-stroke patients reproduce movements either with qualitative errors demonstrating incorrect location or wrong estimation of direction or number of repeated test movements, or with significant reduction of accuracy (increased latency or shape distortion). We proposed a method for the assessment of movement proprioception at individual joints. The procedure is easy and convenient for both physicians and patients. It does not require special heavy equipment and can easily be performed under different conditions in a wide range of patients.

Modernisation of Endoscopic Equipment Using 3D Indicators

Abstract The development of new software to improve the operation of modernised and developed technological facilities in different sectors of the national economy requires a systematic approach. For example, the use of video recording systems obtained during operations with the use of endoscopic equipment allows monitoring the work of doctors. Minor change of the used software allows using additionally processed video fragments for creation of training complexes. The authors of the present article took part in the development of many educational software and hardware systems. The first such system was the “Contact” system, developed in the eighties of the last century at Riga Polytechnic Institute. Later on, car simulators, air plan simulators, walking excavator simulators and the optical software-hardware training system “Three-Dimensional Medical Atlas” were developed. Analysis of various simulators and training systems showed that the computers used in them could not by themselves be a learning system. When creating a learning system, many factors must be considered so that the student does not receive false skills. The goal of the study is to analyse the training systems created for the professional training of medical personnel working with endoscopic equipment, in particular, with equipment equipped with 3D indicators.

CLASSROOM ON DEMAND: FAST AND FRESH VIDEO CONTENT GENERATOR

Abstract --The Classroom on Demand (CoD) is a classroom video recording and streaming system that allows the students to revise their class contents. CoD is a tool to improve the effectiveness of the study; especially for those contents that change at a fast pace like information technology. All the classrooms of the School of Information Technology, KMUTT are equipped with the CoD system. In this paper we present the overall system architecture along with the teaching pedagogy used. Some statistical data is also presented for the entire system.&#x0D;

Estimating optimal observational sampling frequency of behaviors for cattle fed high- and low-forage diets

Video recordings of behavioral activities including eating, ruminating, drinking, standing, and lying were monitored to determine the minimum number of sampling days and sampling frequency required to obtain reliable estimates of these behaviors. Eight continental crossbred heifers, individually housed in a tie-stall barn with total mixed ration provided once per day, were divided by BW into two blocks and assigned to each of the two dietary treatments in a crossover design: high-forage diet (HF, forage:concentrate ratio 70:30) and low-forage diet (LF, forage:concentrate ratio 30:70). The cows were monitored continuously using a digital video recording system for 6 d in each of the two periods and a trained observer manually recorded the behavioral activities by minute. Mean time spent performing each behavior for 6 d with instantaneous samples of 1 min was compared with those obtained using fewer sampling days (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 d) and less frequent scanning (2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 min) using linear regression analysis, and the minimum number of sampling days or frequency was determined. Diet did not affect the accuracy and precision of predicting behavior from video recordings of the cows. When sampling days and scanning intervals were combined, the minimum recommended sampling frequency for accurately estimating a specific set of behaviors of beef heifers in tie stalls was: eating, 2 d with 4-min intervals; ruminating, 3 d with 4-min intervals; drinking, 2 d with 3-min intervals; and standing and lying, 2 d with 15-min intervals. Increasing sampling frequency beyond these minimums further enhanced the accuracy and precision of predictions. The total time of each behavioral activity was different between cows fed HF and LF diets with eating, ruminating, total chewing, and standing of heifers fed the HF diet greater (P < 0.01), but the lying (P < 0.01) and drinking time (P = 0.028) of heifers fed the LF diet greater. Meal patterns were different (P < 0.05) between the treatments except when meal size (kg) was expressed as DM or OM intake. For rumination patterns, the mean or maximum bout length (min/bout) was greater, but the maximum or minimum length of time heifers took to ruminate after eating was lower for the HF diet. From a practical standpoint, it is recommended to use 3 days of observations scanned at an interval of 4 min to reliably estimate the behavior of cows. If the focus is only lying and standing time, then 2 days with 15 min intervals can be used.

Changes of movement behavior and HSP70 gene expression in the hemocytes of the mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) in response to acoustic stimulation

Offshore anthropogenic activities often produce high levels of noise below 1000 Hz, which can be serious threats to aquatic crustaceans based on the knowledge about their acoustic sensitive bandwidth. This study simulated noise with main frequency band similar to common underwater engineering noises, and examined its effects on movement behavior and physiological response, indicated by heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene expression, of the mud crab Scylla paramamosain. Experiments were conducted in the tanks, equipped with hydrophone, transducer, and video recording system, using juvenile S. paramamosain. Three acoustic stimulations with ascending levels were separately imposed on the animals. Results showed that the linear sweep with the sound power spectral density greater than 110 dB re 1μPa2/Hz in total bandwidth (100–1000 Hz), and 155 dB re 1μPa2/Hz within 600–800 Hz, could increase locomotor activities and HSP70 gene expression significantly.