Video Communication Research Articles

WHAT IT TAKES TO COMMUNICATE

The multimodality of the online learning environment allows students’ participation in different modes, relying either on video, audio or text-based communication. The current study explores the level of students’ willingness to communicate in the three modes of interaction in synchronous online English language lessons and compares it with their willingness to communicate in a conventional face-to-face language classroom. To this end, we recruited for this research 281 university students who took a course in English as part of their study programs. Relying on a cross-sectional survey design, we analyzed the data on the response variables by means of descriptive statistical tests and factorial ANOVAs. The results reveal that the students’ willingness to communicate in synchronous online classes decreases whenever they are required to activate more modes of communication. They also show that the highest willingness to communicate is found in conventional, face-to-face classrooms. An implication of the research is that the mode of communication has the potential to encourage or discourage WTC in EFL among students. It is proposed that the factors of responsibility and face-saving affect the students’ participation in online classes, aligning with the idea that WTC is a dynamic, fluid variable which changes depending on the situational context.

FEATURES OF THE PROFESSIONAL VOCALIST TRAINING IN THE CONDITIONS OF DISTANCE EDUCATION

We study the use of information technologies in the course of vocalist training under the conditions of distance learning. It is noted that the aim of all educational services is to create a unified educational environment with the association of teachers and students. Attention is paid to the fact that distance learning in music education facilitates the learning process, provides quick access to information, and encourages the vocalist to prepare and engage in creative activities in the classroom and independently.
 The article analyzes the platforms for conducting online classes and organizing video and audio conferences at music education institutions in Ukraine, which, in particular, are used by teachers during vocal classes at the Department of Music of the Yuri Fedkovych National University of Chernivtsi. The method of using them is described in the example of such platforms as Zoom, Schoology, and Google Drive.
 We consider information technologies of vocalist training in distance learning conditions. They can be divided into online (real-time data exchange) and offline (storage and transmission of information on any electronic device of the addressee, for example, e-mail, video lecture recordings - Gmail, iCloud Mail, I.UA, UKR.NET, Outlook.com, Yahoo! Mail, Zoho Mail, AIM Mail, Inbox.com, ProtonMail, etc.). Offline technologies are effective for organizing consultations, conducting routine monitoring, and checking homework.
 It is noted that the COVID-19 pandemic and the outbreak of war by the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine have changed the educational process in music education institutions – classes have largely moved from classrooms to online forms. In particular, the most common form of distance learning is a video conferencing platform that provides online communication in the classroom, screen demonstration with sound, video, and audio communication between vocalists and teachers, recordings of the video conference, interactive whiteboard, and administration. The purpose of online services is to provide communication and feedback to all participants in the educational process. The following services and applications are available for collective calls and conferences: Zoom, Google Meet, Google Classroom, Google Hangouts, Moodle, Discord, Skype, Viber, Telegram, etc.
 It is established that a high level of information competence of a teacher ensures the effective use of information technologies in the course of vocalist training. Therefore, it is a necessary prerequisite for further improvement of their professional competence and one of the most important indicators of the success of activities. It determines the prospect of further research.

Awareness, Preferences, Perception, and Satisfaction about the Over-The-Top (OTT) Platforms/Players in Anand City, Gujarat, India

Background: Movies and other audio and visual media have traditionally been consumed through outlets like theatres and television. The development of VHS, DVDs, Blu-rays, and disc rental services made technology readily available at home and whenever needed. Furthermore, Co-axial and fibre optic cables were used by cable television to provide the material. Direct-to-home (DTH) technology through satellite and dish communication, which offered high-quality broadcast and on-demand material straight to the consumer, emerged as another improved offering. With the advent of online streaming and Video on Demand (VoD) services, watching movies and TV shows has become more convenient. VoD refers to the streaming of video content via Over-The-Top (OTT) applications over the Internet (OTT). Any Internet-connected device, including a smartphone, smart TV, tablet, desktop computer, laptop, etc., can be used by viewers to access video content via OTT apps. Contrary to traditional media, streaming services present a variety of tales without censorship, box office, or audience restrictions. If the viewers have a reliable Internet connection, it provides a viewing experience with much-increased sound and visual quality [1].
 Methodology: The article presents data obtained through personal interviews with help of a semi-structured Schedule from individual respondents of Anand city for OTT players. The present study finds out the awareness and preferences for the purchase of OTT players and understands the perceptual map with the help of the Multi-Dimensional Scaling technique (MDS) of OTT players on different parameters like multiple devices and resolution of the video, and Price and subscription plan. This study also tries to find the out satisfaction of respondents towards different OTT players.
 Results: The majority of the respondents were male, belonged to the age group of 15 to 25 years, represent nuclear family, and the majority of the respondents were students by an occupation. The majority of the respondents had an income between 30k to 40k. Out of 200 respondents, most of the respondents were aware of the OTT. Friends and relatives were the most common source of awareness for OTT platforms. OTT players like Netflix, Amazon Prime, Disney+Hotstar, YouTube Premium, MX Player, Zee 5, and Sony Liv had high awareness in the study area, and also the majority of respondents were preferring Amazon Prime, Disney+Hotstar, and Netflix for purchase because of their various services like multiple content categorization, multiple user account, and multiple subtitles, and video quality. The perceptual map also represents the perception of the respondents on the basis of different parameters like multiple devices and resolution of the video, and Price and subscription plan. Respondents were satisfied with the Quality of the video content of OTT, followed by their Multiple content and Language, Price, Downloading Speed, and multiple device support.

Impacts of video communication on psychological well-being and cosmetic surgery acceptance

Video communication via platforms such as Zoom has been routinely used as a communication tool during the COVID-19 pandemic. Scientific evidence has suggested that constant video communication can have detrimental consequences such as “Zoom fatigue”, inhibiting collaboration, and new information exchange. The current study focuses on the effects of using video communication technology on self-esteem, affect, and image perception under the framework of objective self-awareness (OSA). We implemented a survey among a large sample of video communication users. The results revealed a nuanced picture of OSA with video communication: merely seeing self-video and the time of using video communication won't activate OSA. However, being a listener and a part of the audience in video communication activated OSA. In turn, OSA significantly increased the attention paid to oneself, leading to critical self-evaluation, negative affect, and a greater level of cosmetic surgery acceptance. Moreover, OSA reduced the level of self-esteem. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

The effects of video games on communication and social interaction: A study on Emirati university students

This study examines the relationship between playing video games, communication and social interaction among Emirati university students, as several studies (Oei & Patterson, 2014) have shown that there is a real impact of video games on peoples’ interactions as social beings. The results of the study confirmed that 63.9% of the participants use video games on a daily basis, with 23.3% of them allocating two hours per day. Besides, 90.7% of the respondents prefer to play with their friends; which constitutes a form of communication and social interaction. However, 41.67% of the respondents confirmed that video games affect their family relationships, 36.45% affect their relationships with friends, 34.25% enable them to escape from their social reality, 43.59% increase their social isolation, and 39.9% prefer to play alone. This highlights the negative impact of video games on communication and social interaction.

Aconcept for adapting medical education to the next generations via three-staged digital peer teaching key feature cases.

While the core principles of medical education remain the same, the students' socioecological backgrounds, values and learning requirements are constantly changing. Bridging the generation gap between teachers and students is akey challenge of medical didactics. To meet the demands of today's classroom, we piloted anovel three-stage peer teaching and key feature concept. First, an on-demand key feature video case was presented. Second abackground video was launched, followed by aself-assessment tool. Third, alive case discussion webinar focusing on clinical reasoning was held. The contents were created by near-peers experienced in medical didactics and checked by clinical experts. The elective format resonated with 652 participating graduate students and 1250 interactions per webinar, suggesting that students' strengths and weaknesses were addressed adequately. We aim to provide educators with input for creating aflexible and integrative learning environment utilising modern technological and didactic tools that shape the healthcare workers of tomorrow.

CURRENT APPLICATIONS OF PATIENT COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN GERIATRIC CRITICAL CARE

Abstract The availability and utility of patient-centered communication technologies in acute-critical care settings have evolved slowly over the past 30 years with wide variability, little standardization, and few randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT). The COVID-19 pandemic forced rapid expansion and use of communication technologies, particularly between patients and remote family caregivers. To capture changes responsive to the pandemic, this paper reviews current literature (< 5 years) on communication technologies in acute-critical care settings focusing on the user experience among older adult patients. We supplement these findings with case-based evidence from a pilot RCT of an electronic tablet communication application provisioned to mechanically ventilated ICU patients, and efforts toward hospital-wide implementation. Recent literature on patient communication technology consists primarily of qualitative, descriptive accounts of video communication (i.e., ICU visits) or provision of augmentative and alternative communication. Recommendations for required skills, standardization, and research regarding patient communication technology are provided.

THE PROBLEMS AND PECULIARITIES OF THE USE OF VIDEO CONFERENCE IN CIVIL PROCEEDING OF UKRAINE

The article is devoted to the problems and features of the use of video conferencing in the civil proceedings of Ukraine. The use of modern video communication technologies in court proceedings allows solving the problem of territorial remoteness, saving the time of par­ticipants in court proceedings and reducing court costs. In conditions of quarantine, transport restrictions and forced self-isolation, and later - in conditions of war, change of territorial juris­diction and evacuation of a significant number of the population from their places of permanent residence, access to justice becomes difficult. In conditions where direct appearance in court is complicated by territorial or security factors, video conferencing guarantees the right of a person to participate in court sessions. At the same time, the institution of videoconferencing in the civil justice system of Ukraine is relatively new, which causes potential and real practical problems in its functioning. This makes the study of its features and problems relevant. The article defines the sectoral and national peculiarities of the use of video conferencing in the civil proceedings of Ukraine. The following problems have been identified in the use of video conferencing in civil proceedings: 1) unsettled issue of the procedure for initiating participation in the court session in the mode of video conference of other participants in the court process: witnesses, experts, legal experts, specialists, translators; 2) lack of an exhaustive list of reasons for refusing to grant an application (petition) to participate in a court session in videoconference mode; 3) the uncertainty of the question of whether it will be allowed to participate in a video conference outside the court premises after the end of the quarantine; 4) excessive formalism when establishing the requirement to send a copy of the applica­tion for participation in the court session to other participants in the court session via video conference outside the court premises; 5) the requirement to submit an application (petition) for participation in a court session in video conference mode for each court session separately; 6) disproportionate risk distribution of the technical impossibility of participating in a video conference outside the court premises; 7) depriving the participant of the case of the opportunity to indicate several courts in the application for participation in the court session in the mode of video conference; 8) the requirement to pay a court fee for access to the audio and video recording of a video conference, which is not provided for by law, but is provided for by a bylaw act; 9) the possibility of conducting a case hearing in the absence of a participant who appeared at another court to participate in a video conference, but was unable to participate in it for rea­sons beyond his control.

Circulation Patterns, Abundance and Scarcity: Film Availability in the Online Era

Online circulation, diversity of content in video-on-demand (VOD) catalogs, and access to markets are increasingly relevant research subjects. Netflix, Amazon, and many other VOD platforms have an important role to play in making content available, but little is known about circulation patterns that have developed in the online market. This paper draws on an empirically rich analysis of online film availability on nineteen VOD platforms in Germany to develop discussions about circulation patterns. The study finds that the market for VOD platforms has become fragmented, with the effect that some VOD platforms have changed business models, distribution strategies, and content selections, and therefore reshaped circulation patterns. Analytically, the study argues that it has become challenging to think about online availability through binary logics of scarcity and abundance.

Prioritising the content and delivery of a work-focused intervention for women with breast cancer using the nominal group technique.

Increased breast cancer survivorship has prompted a focus on optimising quality of life for this cohort, including reintegration into employment. Despite this, there remains a lack of work-focused interventions to support work outcomes for women living with and beyond breast cancer. The aim of this study was to prioritise the content and delivery of a work-focused intervention for women living with and beyond breast cancer. Twelve stakeholders including women living with and beyond breast cancer, healthcare professionals, cancer support centre staff, and policy informers were invited to participate in an online discussion using the Nominal Group Technique (NGT) to determine priorities for a work-focused intervention. The NGT seeks consensus through four steps; (i) idea generation, (ii) discussion among the group, (iii) refining ideas, and (iv) ranking preference for ideas through anonymised voting. Intervention content prioritised included managing cancer-related symptoms and work-specific factors. Consensus was made for a blended delivery format (mix of group and individual sessions), and blended delivery (face-to-face and online). Findings indicated a preference for a six-week intervention, with 90-120 minute sessions. Community-based settings were preferred over hospital-based services for the setting of a work-focused intervention. Zoom Video Communications Inc. was the preferred setting to deliver an online intervention. Stakeholder priorities informed the content and delivery of a work-focused intervention for women with breast cancer. A pilot of the proposed intervention will be conducted to test for feasibility and acceptability.

Establishing a Virtual Corneal Clinic: A Real-Time Teleophthalmology Approach.

Keratoplasty patients require regular and timely follow-ups. During this COVID-19 pandemic which restricted global travel, we developed a novel real-time, hybrid teleophthalmology approach to comanage international keratoplasty patients between Singapore and Indonesia. A retrospective consecutive observational study of 72 corneal patients (63 were postkeratoplasty) who attended a virtual corneal clinic (VCC) between June 2020 and April 2021 at JEC Eye Hospitals (JEC) in Jakarta, Indonesia. ZOOM Meeting software (Zoom Video Communication Inc, San Jose, CA) was used to simultaneously connect the Singapore corneal specialist at Eye & Cornea Surgeons (ECS), Singapore, using a real-time approach. Clinical examinations included full panels of video-linked corneal, glaucoma, and retinal imaging and investigations performed before real-time video-linked slit-lamp examination, with immediate clinical decision making between corneal specialists and patients. VCC enabled effective real-time clinical evaluation and collaborative clinical decisions, with full patient interaction, with the aim of maintenance of graft clarity, visual function, and management of comorbidities-a) topical and systemic medications were adjusted in 79.2% of patients; b) further referrals to glaucoma, retinal, and oculoplastic subspecialists were made in 16.6% of cases; c) additional adjunctive surgical procedures were performed at JEC in 6.9% cases; and d) government permission was obtained for 4 patients (5.6%) to fly to Singapore for urgent corneal surgery. The virtual corneal clinic is a novel real-time hybrid teleophthalmology approach which is effective in the comanagement of international keratoplasty patients and represents the advances in ophthalmic telemedicine.

Can Digital Communication Protect Against Depression for Older Adults With Hearing and Vision Impairment During COVID-19?

During social isolation imposed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, older adults with impaired hearing and vision potentially experienced more communication challenges, increasing their risk for poor mental health. Digital communication (e.g., video calls, e-mail/text/social media) may alleviate in-person isolation and protect against depression. We addressed this question using data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, a nationally representative panel study of community-dwelling older adults. Two thousand five hundred fifty-eight adults aged 55 and older comprised the analytic sample. Interviewer rating at baseline (2015-2016) classified those with vision impairment (VI) or hearing impairment (HI). Olfactory impairment (OI) was measured by objective testing. During COVID-19 (2020-2021), respondents reported how often they contacted nonhousehold family or friends and whether this was by phone, e-mail/text/social media, video, or in-person. They also quantified the frequency of depressive feelings. Older adults with VI or HI but not OI at baseline were significantly less likely to report regular use of video calling and e-mail/text/social media during the pandemic compared to those without impairment. Sensory impairments did not affect the frequency of phone or in-person communication. Adults with VI or HI were more likely to experience frequent depressive feelings during COVID-19. Video calls mitigated this negative effect of VI- and HI-associated depressive feelings in a dose-dependent manner. Among communication modalities, video calling had a protective effect against depressive feelings for people with sensory impairment during social isolation. Improving access to and usability of video communication for older adults with sensory impairment could be a strategy to improve their mental health.

Application of OSCE using a Virtual Assessment Platform

Introduction: This study describes the development and implementation of a virtual objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) at the Harvard School of Dental Medicine (HSDM) as an alternative to in-person OSCEs during the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluates its efficacy and reception by students and faculty.Methods: The virtual OSCE was conducted over Zoom (Zoom Video Communications, Inc. San Jose, CA) with students rotating through each discipline via Breakout Rooms. This study examined all 241 OSCE results from the HSDM classes of 2016-2022, with 170 in-person OSCE results and 71 virtual OSCE results. Descriptive and linear regression analysis were used to report the difference in OSCE experience and scores between virtual and in-person OSCEs.Results: Out of 100, the adjusted average score difference was 0.66 higher in virtual OSCE experience compared to in-person assessment, but it was not statistically significant (95%CI=-0.45, 1.78). A total of 35 students (49%) and 14 faculty responded to a survey regarding their virtual OSCE experience. Most students surveyed agreed that the virtual OSCE was effective (94%), accessible (97%), and should be offered post-pandemic (74%). The majority of faculty were neutral regarding the virtual OSCE as a comparable learning experience (76%) and in its accessibility (71%), and only 14% agreed that virtual OSCE should be offered in the future.Conclusion: The results show that the virtual OSCE can be a reasonable alternative to the in-person OSCE when primarily considering its clinical impact and suggest a viable role for virtual OSCE post-pandemic. Technological proficiency training could improve perceptions regarding future virtual OSCE implementation.

Time Does Matter: Reduced Internal Medicine Clerkship Clinical Experiences Due to COVID-19.

Introduction The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected medical education in many ways.The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) temporarily suspended clinical student rotations, calling for a transition to remote learning. Unfortunately, due to the heavy impact of COVID-19 in our South Florida community, medical students were not able to return to in-person activities for a significant time.During this period,students hadremote clerkship learning activities, didactic sessions, narrative projects, and small-group learning sessions, which were front-loaded using Zoom technology (Zoom Video Communications, Inc.,San Jose, California, United States) and web-based learning tools. Once in-person clinical experiences resumed, the duration of all third-year clerkships for the remainder of the year wasreduced to five weeks to allow for timely graduation.The Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine (HWCOM) Internal Medicine (IM) clerkshiphas traditionally beenan eight-week-long rotation.Other clerkships that varied from six to eight weeks were similarly reduced to five weeks.We hypothesized that the shortened duration of the IM clerkship would have negative impacts on National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) exam performance and clerkship clinical experiences would likely be affected. Methods We compared the NBME subject exam results and end of clerkship evaluations from the Class of 2021 (CO2021) which had the traditional eight weeks of patient care, with the CO2022, which had only five weeks of in-person patient care.A T-test analysis was performed comparing performance on the NBME medicine clinical subject exam between students who completed the usual eight-week rotation versus those who completed a five-week rotation.We also evaluated the IM clerkship course evaluation and analyzed student responses and ratings to assess any areas that were statistically significant when comparing the traditional eight-week IM clerkship to the shortened five-week clerkship. Results There was no statistically significant difference (t=0.68,p<0.4951) in mean NBME subject exam performance between cohorts. Students who completed the shortened five-week IM clerkship indicated there waslimited volume and diversity of patients, which consequently affected their ability to complete all the required clinical experiences for the IM clerkship.These results indicated a statistically significant difference between the two cohorts (t =3.33, p<.001). Conclusion Students with shortened IM clerkship clinical care time (five weeks) were found to have no significant statistical differences in NBME subject exam performance compared to the traditional eight-week cohorts. However, students felt there was a decreased volume and diversity of patients, and they reported greater difficulties in completing the required clinical experiences, with diminished clinical confidence. Time does matter, and clinical time is very valuable for a student's undergraduate medical education.If another pandemic were to arise, the durationof differentclerkships should be carefully assessed and individualized, and methods to assess and reclaim lost clinical time during the advanced clinical and postgraduate years should be considered.

Decision Making Near End of Life: A Qualitative Exploration of the Lived Experiences of Jordanian Healthcare Providers.

Discussions related to a patient's prognosis and interventions near end of life are challenging and stressful for healthcare providers. Many reported experiencing emotional distress and discomfort during the decision-making process. The aim of this study was to describe the lived experience of nurses and physicians who participate in decision making near the end of a patient's life. A descriptive, phenomenological approach was used with a purposive sample of 7 nurses and 6 physicians from 2 palliative and end-of-life care institutions in Jordan. Data derived from focus group discussions conducted online via the ZOOM video communication application, and analysis followed Colaizzi's qualitative methodology. Three major themes emerged from the healthcare providers' experiences. Initially, the participants described how they "strive toward optimal decision-making near end of life," "the overwhelming experience of decision making near end of life," and finally, their struggle in sharing details about the end of life when patients ask and whether to tell or not to tell them as "the time for hard talk." The healthcare providers' experiences revealed several issues of decision making near a patient's end of life, such as a lack of appropriate training and administrative support, emotional distress, fear of legal liability, and the burden of a hard talk with patients. These findings necessitate institutional support of setting appropriate policies and guidelines, staff counseling, and healthcare provider support. Institutions providing palliative and end-of-life care can use this study's findings to support their staff by setting appropriate practice guidelines and providing staff training and counseling.

Co-design and Development of EndoSMS, a Supportive Text Message Intervention for Individuals Living With Endometriosis: Mixed Methods Study.

Endometriosis, which affects 1 in 10 people assigned female at birth, is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease with a high symptom burden and adverse socioemotional impacts. There is a need for an accessible, cost-effective, and low-burden intervention to support individuals in managing their endometriosis condition. This study aimed to co-design and evaluate the acceptability, readability, and quality of a bank of supportive SMS text messages (EndoSMS) for individuals with endometriosis. In phase 1 of this mixed method design, 17 consumer representatives (individuals with endometriosis) participated across three 3-hour web-based (Zoom, Zoom Video Communications, Inc) focus groups. The transcripts were encoded and analyzed thematically. In phase 2, consumer representatives (n=14) and health care professionals (n=9) quantitatively rated the acceptability, readability, and appropriateness of the developed text messages in a web-based survey. All the participants initially completed a background survey assessing sociodemographic and medical factors. Consumer representatives demonstrated diverse sociodemographic characteristics (Mage=33.29), varying in location (metropolitan vs rural or regional), employment, and relationship and educational statuses. Participants reached a consensus regarding the delivery of 4 SMS text messages per week, delivered randomly throughout the week and in one direction (ie, no reply), with customization for the time of day and use of personal names. Seven main areas of unmet need for which participants required assistance were identified, which subsequently became the topic areas for the developed SMS text messages: emotional health, social support, looking after and caring for your body, patient empowerment, interpersonal issues, general endometriosis information, and physical health. Through a web-based survey, 371 co-designed SMS text messages were highly rated by consumers and health care professionals as clear, useful, and appropriate for individuals with endometriosis. Readability indices (Flesch-Kincaid scale) indicated that the SMS text messages were accessible to individuals with a minimum of 7th grade high school education. On the basis of the needs and preferences of a diverse consumer representative group, we co-designed EndoSMS, a supportive SMS text message program for individuals with endometriosis. The initial evaluation of the SMS text messages by consumer representatives and health professionals suggested the high acceptability and suitability of the developed SMS text messages. Future studies should further evaluate the acceptability and effectiveness of EndoSMS in a broader population of individuals with endometriosis.

YouTube and science: models for research impact.

Video communication has been rapidly increasing over the past decade, with YouTube providing a medium where users can post, discover, share, and react to videos. There has also been an increase in the number of videos citing research articles, especially since it has become relatively commonplace for academic conferences to require video submissions. However, the relationship between research articles and YouTube videos is not clear, and the purpose of the present paper is to address this issue. We created new datasets using YouTube videos and mentions of research articles on various online platforms. We found that most of the articles cited in the videos are related to medicine and biochemistry. We analyzed these datasets through statistical techniques and visualization, and built machine learning models to predict (1) whether a research article is cited in videos, (2) whether a research article cited in a video achieves a level of popularity, and (3) whether a video citing a research article becomes popular. The best models achieved F1 scores between 80% and 94%. According to our results, research articles mentioned in more tweets and news coverage have a higher chance of receiving video citations. We also found that video views are important for predicting citations and increasing research articles' popularity and public engagement with science.

Identifying Core Competencies for Remote Delivery of Psychological Interventions: A Rapid Review.

The COVID-19 pandemic led to a rapid shift toward remote delivery of psychological interventions and transition to voice-only and video communication platforms. However, agreement is lacking on key competencies that are aligned with equitable approaches for standardized training and supervision of remote psychological intervention delivery. A rapid review was conducted to identify and describe competencies that could inform best practices of remote services delivery during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Scopus, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO were searched for literature published in English (2015-2021) on competencies for synchronous, remote psychological interventions that can be measured through observation. Of 135 articles identified, 12 met inclusion criteria. Studies targeted populations in high-income countries (11 in the United States and Canada, one in Saudi Arabia) and focused on specialist practitioners, professionals, or trainees in professional or prelicensure programs working with adult populations. Ten skill categories were identified: emergency and safety protocols for remote services, facilitating communication over remote platforms, remote consent procedures, technological literacy, practitioner-client identification for remote services, confidentiality during remote services, communication skills during remote services, engagement and interpersonal skills for remote services, establishing professional boundaries during remote services, and encouraging continuity of care during remote services. These 10 skills domains can offer a foundation for refinement of discrete, individual-level competencies that can be aligned with global initiatives promoting use of observational competency assessment during training and supervision programs for psychological interventions. More research is needed on identification of and agreement on remote competencies and on their evaluation.

A Novel Image Encryption Technique Using Multi-Coupled Map Lattice System with Generalized Symmetric Map and Adaptive Control Parameter

Image and video data make up a significant portion of the content shared over the Internet and social media. The use of image and video communication allows more information to be shared while simultaneously presenting higher risks in terms of data security. The traditional encryption schemes are general purpose; however, to encrypt image and video data, application-specific encryption solutions are needed. An image or a video frame comprises a two-dimensional matrix where pixel intensity values are integers in range [0,255], leading to data redundancy problems. Moreover, the bulk amount of image and video data adds another challenge when deploying security primitives. In this paper, a novel coupled map lattice system-based image cryptosystem has been proposed that uses generalised symmetric maps for generation of pseudo-random sequences. The generalization of symmetric maps allows the user to choose the source of pseudo-random sequence generation by varying a single control parameter. Other adaptive control parameters ensure an adequate degree of randomness in the generated sequences. The proposed encryption system relies on three independent sources of pseudo-random sequence generators, which are further re-randomized before the final encryption process. Comprehensive experimentation has been performed to test the proposed system against various attack models on publicly available datasets. A detailed comparative analysis has also been conducted with existing state-of-the-art image encryption techniques. Results show that the proposed algorithm provides high information entropy, negative correlation, large key space, and high sensitivity to key variations, and is resistant to various types of attacks, including chosen-text, statistical, and differential attacks.

Proposed a WebRTC Data Communication Using Effective Signalling Protocol

Web Real-Time Communication (WebRTC) is designed to permit the co-occurrence of audio, video, and data communications. However, an effective signalling mechanism that setup, establish and end communication between peers has not been specified in WebRTC. This paper designs and implements an effective WebRTC signalling mechanism for data communication compared with the common existing applications and current reviews. Moreover, it focuses on the limitations of multi-browsers communication and data. As long as no elaboration specifies how the signalling mechanism can be used in WebRTC because it does not understand the concept of sessions but rather that of streams, which create and consumes media flows. In addition, this research will elaborate on the related work and analyse the communication quality of data communications, such as data, audio, and video. Keywords: Web Real-time Communication (WebRTC); Signalling Protocols.