Video Length Research Articles

Evaluation of Turkish videos about breast self-examination on YouTube

Objectives: Breast self-examination (BSE) is very important to early detect breast cancer in women in addition to imaging methods. The easiest way to access information concerning how to perform this examination is undoubtedly the internet, and the most popular platform is YouTube. However, the most important disadvantage of this massive platform is the risk of spreading false information since it cannot be audited. This study aimed to evaluate Turkish videos on BSE on YouTube in terms of quality and content. Methods: On January 17, 2022, a search was conducted on YouTube using the keyword “breast self-examination”, and the first 210 videos presented on the first five pages were obtained. After applying the study criteria, 156 were included in the sample and evaluated by two general surgeons in terms of educational value, content, and upload source. Results: Of the 156 videos, 23 were categorized as useful (14.7%) and 133 as misleading (85.3%). When examined according to the upload source group, universities/professional organizations/non-profit physicians/physicians had the highest rate of misleading videos (96.9%), while stand-alone health information websites had the highest rate of useful videos (24%). There was no significant difference between the upload sources in terms of video length, number of views, content score, or quality score. Conclusions: The number of useful Turkish videos on BSE is very low. Our results indicate the need for more educational and useful videos to be produced, especially by healthcare professionals who use the YouTube platform.

YouTube as a source of information for pressure injury: Quality assessment and content analysis.

We aimed to assess the quality and reliability of pressure injury-related videos uploaded on YouTube, analyse the sources and contents, and examine the correlation between video parameters. We searched YouTube using two keywords, "pressure ulcer" and "pressure sore", on August 20, 2022. We sorted the videos according to their number of views and included the top 100 videos for each keyword. The quality of videos was assessed using the Global Quality Scale (GQS), while their reliability was evaluated by the modified DISCERN (mDISCERN) tool. In addition, we evaluated the videos in which content was included, analysed the correlations and differences between GQS, mDISCERN, and video parameters. We initially found a total of 100 videos for each keyword and finally included and analysed 77 videos. The mean scores for the mDISCERN and GQS were 2.35 ± 0.98 and 3.09 ± 0.99, respectively. Both GQS and mDISCERN showed statistically significant correlations with each other (rho = 0.54, p < 0.0001*) and with the length of the videos, respectively (rho = 0.36, p = 0.001*), (rho = 0.29, p = 0.01*). Of the videos created by physicians, 8 (57.1%) included content related to treatment, while of the videos created by nonphysician health personnel, 22 (57.9%) included content related to prevention. Analysing whether there were differences in video parameters based on the sources, we observed significant differences between sources in GQS (p < 0.0001*), mDISCERN (p < 0.0001*), and video length (p = 0.001*). In the post-hoc analysis, videos uploaded by physicians or nonphysician health personnel showed higher quality and reliability than videos uploaded by other sources. Therefore, the results of this study could be useful for healthcare providers, as well as patients and caregivers, to search for high-quality and reliable YouTube videos related to pressure injury.

Dual effects of time length as experiential marketing elements in We-media videos

PurposeThis study aims to uncover the underlying mechanism between the time length of We-media videos and customer satisfaction (CS)/participation (CP) based on experiential marketing theory.Design/methodology/approachTwo datasets were collected from Bilibili; 308 data were used with bootstrapping for multiple linear regressions (MLR) to test the hypotheses, and 2,670 data were used for structural equation modelling (SEM) to verify robustness.FindingsVideos’ time length acts as both a price and provision element of experiential marketing. As a price element, its linear term affects CS negatively but CP positively. As a provision element, its quadratic term affects CS positively but CP negatively.Practical implicationsMarketing management personnel and video creators at Bilibili could optimise videos’ time length as suggested. We-media video platforms should encourage high-quality videos with sufficient time lengths to improve CS. Video creators could balance CS and CP, as suggested.Originality/valueThis research proposed platform, provision, price and propagation as experiential marketing elements concerning experiences in online virtual encounters. It found CS was affected positively by provision but negatively by price, whereas the opposite is true for CP. Time length affects CS/CP as both a price and provision element, which may explain the neglect of significant relationships between the time length and marketing performances of videos.

Development and Validation of Micro-Lecture Videos as Learning Support Material for Grade 7 Science Competencies

As students opted for modular distance learning during the pandemic, they were forced to self-regulated learning with little assistance from teachers. Video lectures are materials commonly designed for active learning methods in distance learning. However, studies found that the length of videos has a strong influence on students’ control over their learning. Longer videos have issues sustaining students’ focused attention to content. This study aimed to develop, validate and evaluate the quality and effectiveness of micro-lecture videos in Physics. Using the developmental research design anchored on the ADDIE model, 7 videos were developed. Videos were quality assured and administered to grade 7 students for evaluation, and feedbacking. Using a developed instrument, an LRMDS standard evaluation tool from the Department of Education, and thematic analysis, quality assurance results, test scores, and interview transcripts were gathered and analyzed statistically and thematically. Results show that despite limited engagement, video lectures are vital so students are guided to self–regulate their learning at their own pace. They also brought positive outcomes, particularly on ownership of learning where students manage and control the pace of their video view, allowing them to replay anytime. On the quality of materials, micro-lecture videos have relevant, logically arranged information, with appropriate content and language that are free of bias. They also have a well-defined purpose, are content-friendly, and can engage viewers for a better understanding of concepts. Moreover, end-users responded that the material was easy to use, can be viewed in messenger, and can be downloaded anytime since it has a smaller file size.

Quality and comprehensiveness of YouTube videos on back pain during pregnancy.

Back pain during pregnancy is a common issue that impacts the quality of life for many women. YouTube has become an increasingly popular source of health information. Pregnant women often turn to YouTube for advice on managing back pain, but the quality of available videos is highly variable. This study aimed to assess the quality and comprehensiveness of YouTube videos related to back pain during pregnancy. A YouTube search was conducted using the keyword "back pain in pregnancy",and the first 100 resulting videos were included in the study. After a thorough review and exclusion of ineligible videos, the final sample consisted of 71 videos. Various parameters such as the number of views, likes, viewer interaction, video age, uploaded source (healthcare or nonhealthcare), and video length were evaluated for all videos. Regarding the source of the videos, 44 (61.9%) were created by healthcare professionals, while 27 (38%) were created by nonprofessionals. Videos created by healthcare professionals had significantly higher scores in terms of DISCERN score, Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) score, and Global Quality Scale (GQS) (P < 0.001). Our findings indicate a statistically significant and strong positive correlation among the three scoring systems (P < 0.001). Videos created by healthcare professionals were generally of higher quality, but many videos were still rated as low-moderate quality. The majority of videos focused on self-care strategies, with fewer discussing other treatment options. Our findings highlight the need for improved quality and comprehensiveness of YouTube videos on back pain during pregnancy.

Pre-service CEIT teachers’ preferred YouTube use motives, engagements, video categories, and differences by gender

ABSTRACT Present study investigates the motives that pre-service computer education and instructional technologies (CEIT) teachers employ while deciding on the level, type, way of engagement with and the length of YouTube videos that they watch. The investigation is based on the various demographic variables such as gender and content creation status. Non-experimental comparative and descriptive designs are utilized for the purposes of the study. 253 pre-service CEIT teachers took part in the study after being selected purposively depending on their YouTube experience Results of the study revealed that the dominant motive of pre-service CEIT teachers in deciding on which YouTube video to watch is “information seeking” and that they show passive engagement in watching existing content on YouTube and reading related comments. While both YouTube use motives differ by gender, YouTube engagement and content creation status appeared not to vary as much. The most striking finding of the study is about the duration of watching instructive videos, as these videos with different features were found to be viewed by participants for 5–10, 10–20, or 30+ minutes. Present study also recommends some implications about how to develop instructive video content and the appropriate YouTube video length.

Are YouTube videos about skull bone anatomy useful for students?

The aim of this study was to evaluate the content, quality, and functionality of YouTube videos on the anatomy of skull bones and to measure their educational usefulness. In this cross-sectional study, the keywords "skull bones" and "skull anatomy" were searched in the YouTube search tab. Demographic data such as type, source, duration, upload date, and view rates of the videos were recorded. The quality and content of the videos were measured using the total content score (TCS), modified DISCERN scale, JAMA score, and Global Quality Scale (GQS). SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Twenty-five (34.7%) of the first 72 videos found by keyword searches were included in the study. According to the GQS criteria, six of them (24%) were considered useful and 19 (76%) not useful. There was a strong statistically significant correlation between the GQS and DISCERN scores (r = 0.813, p < 0.001). There were strong statistically significant positive correlations between TCS and GQS scores (r = 0.887, p < 0.001) and between TCS and modified DISCERN scores (r = 0.691, p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a moderately strong statistically significant positive correlation between GQS and JAMA scores (r = 0.507, p < 0.05). There were also moderately strong statistically significant correlations between JAMA score and DISCERN score (r = 0.521, p < 0.001), video length (r = 0.416, p < 0.05), number of comments (r = 0.457, p < 0.05), and number of "likes" (r = 0.608, p < 0.001). There was a moderately strong statistically significant positive correlation between TCS and JAMA scores (r = 0.431, p < 0.05). Most YouTube videos have insufficient information about skull bones to meet the expectations of medical and dental school curricula. Anatomists and institutions should be encouraged to prepare and present YouTube videos using assessment systems such as DISCERN, JAMA, GQS, and TCS, in line with current anatomy curricula.

Arabic websites assessment of irritable bowel syndrome: How trustworthy are they? A cross-sectional study.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic GI disorder that affects people all over the world. Patients frequently look for information about their ailments online. Despite being widely and easily accessible, online information's quality and readability are under doubt. In this investigation, we assessed the effectiveness and usability of IBS Arabic websites found on significant search engines. IBS-related search terms in Arabic were entered into two search engines (Google and YouTube), and the first 30 websites per word from Google, and the first 20 websites per word from YouTube were assessed for eligibility. Eligible Google websites were assessed for quality and readability, while YouTube websites were assessed for quality. Quality was assessed using the DISCERN score and the JAMA Benchmark. Readability was assessed using the automatic Arabic readability index (AARI). Associations between quality, readability, types of websites (medical/nonmedical), and video length were analyzed. For Google: A total of 48 websites were evaluated, mean DISCERN score was 40.4 (SD = 10.28) indicating fair quality. The mean JAMA score was 1.6 (SD = 0.69), with the readability being worse the higher the quality. Medical websites had higher quality scores than nonmedical ones. For YouTube: A total of 34 YouTube videos were evaluated, mean DISCERN score was 34.7 (SD = 7.35), indicating poor quality. The mean JAMA score was 1.4 (SD = 0.72). Medical websites had higher quality scores than nonmedical ones. There was no association between the quality of the videos and their length. The majority of websites were of low to fair quality and required a high degree of readability. As a result, we advise (1) healthcare practitioners to offer helpful websites to their patients, and (2) the development of IBS-related websites under the guidance of experts, with the involvement of patients.

Validity of Material Related to the Anterior Cruciate Ligament on TikTok.

Video material is one of the most common types of digital information on social media platforms. To assess the validity and informational value of TikTok videos with regard to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Cross-sectional study. Using the terms "anterior cruciate ligament" AND/OR "ACL," 420 TikTok videos were retrieved, of which 100 videos were included in the analysis. The video duration and the number of likes, shares, and views were recorded. Videos were categorized based on the source (private user, physical therapist, surgeon, and researcher), subject type (patient experience, physical therapy, injury mechanism, anatomy, clinical test, and surgical technique), content (patient experience/testimony, education, and rehabilitation), and any background audio (music or voice). Video quality assessments were conducted using the DISCERN instrument, The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, and the Global Quality Score (GQS). Associations between quantitative variables were tested using the Spearman rank correlation. One-way analysis of variance or Mann-Whitney test was performed to assess whether video quality differed by video characteristics. A total of 41 videos were published by private users (41%), 34 by physical therapists (34%), 23 by surgeons (23%), and 2 by researchers (2%). Most of the information regarded patient experience (34%), followed by physical therapy (20%), injury mechanism (19%), anatomy (11%), clinical test (9%), and surgical technique (7%). The mean video length was 40.55 ± 41.58 seconds. The mean number of views was 151,084.39 ± 487,150.02, while the mean numbers of comments, likes, and shares were 72.80 ± 249.68, 6781.49 ± 29,163.96, and 98.71 ± 307.76, respectively. The mean DISCERN, JAMA, and GQS scores were 15.73 ± 1.44, 0.19 ± 0.39, and 1.16 ± 0.37, respectively, indicating the poorest quality on all 3 indices. The number of views, likes, shares, comments, and video lengths were all positively correlated with DISCERN (except the number of shares), JAMA, and GQS scores (P < .05). A significant difference was found in DISCERN scores between videos by private users and those by surgeons (15.37 ± 0.98 vs 16.22 ± 1.57; P = .007). Our analysis has demonstrated that the educational value of these videos on the ACL on TikTok is poor. Given the rapid growth of TikTok, further research is needed.

Space–time recurrent memory network

Transformers have recently been popular for learning and inference in the spatial–temporal domain. However, their performance relies on storing and applying attention to the feature tensor of each frame in video. Hence, their space and time complexity increase linearly as the length of video grows, which could be very costly for long videos. We propose a novel visual memory network architecture for the learning and inference problem in the spatial–temporal domain. We maintain a fixed set of memory slots in our memory network and propose an algorithm based on Gumbel-Softmax to learn an adaptive strategy to update this memory. Finally, this architecture is benchmarked on the video object segmentation (VOS) and video prediction problems. We demonstrate that our memory architecture achieves state-of-the-art results, outperforming transformer-based methods on VOS and other recent methods on video prediction while maintaining constant memory capacity independent of the sequence length.

Comparing educational and dissemination videos in a STEM YouTube channel: A six-year data analysis

Didactic videos have proven to be particularly beneficial for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education challenges. This is due to their contribution to the reduction of the intrinsic cognitive load, as well as fostering connections among subjects to promote generative processing. This fact, together with the wide presence of STEM dissemination videos on YouTube, creates an opportunity both for teachers to focus on dissemination channels to acquire quality materials, and for content creators to develop specific videos aiming to serve as pedagogical aid. Aligned with such reasoning, this paper intends to evaluate the use and performance of a STEM YouTube channel that already publishes didactic videos categorized by intentionality into dissemination or educational. Using owners' data, the channel has been analyzed, considering a six-year extension period, from 2017 to 2022, and distinguishing between the two categories of contents. This dual intention of the channel allows to evaluate the educational use of dissemination channels, compared to their use for curiosity satisfaction. Through Mann-Whitney U and correlation analyses, the main channels’ metrics have been analyzed in terms of awareness (i.e., impressions, views, or subscribers), use (view duration) and interaction (comments, shares, likes or dislikes). Significant differences have been found in the performance of educational and dissemination contents, such as in views (p < 0.001), average view duration (p = 0.044) and likes (p < 0.001). Additionally, video length optimization has been found as a determining parameter influencing video performance, being educational videos more sensitive to this metric than dissemination videos. This study has shown that a STEM YouTube channel of these characteristics can benefit from publishing videos aiming to a pedagogical purpose, increasing its use compared with other STEM dissemination channels only aiming to an entertainment purpose. Additionally, this study supports previous findings that video length optimization is a determinant characteristic for audience retention rate.

Perception of the Contribution of Video Demonstrations in Dental Practical Training

Objectives: Information and communication technologies (ICT) have become integral part of our our students’ daily lives. Their use in practical teaching facilitates the learning process. With the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic, demonstration videos were integrated into the pre-clinical practical activities. This work aims to evaluate the students’ appreciation of the demonstration videos made for the pre-clinical practical activities (PPA) of the removable partial denture for the students of the 5th semester.Methods: The Removable Prosthodontics Department professors produced 10-minute didactic video recordings describing the themes of the pre-clinical practice activities. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted during the 2021–2022 academic year to assess students’ perceptions of the effectiveness and relevance of these videos. Data were collected using an anonymous questionnaire given to student volunteers at the end of the third year (June 2022).Results: The majority of students favorably appreciated the role of videos in saving time during the session, reducing stress, and better understanding of practical gestures, as well as the average length of videos, the quality of videos in terms of sound, magnification, and the usefulness of text annotations.Conclusion: Videos allow students to preview the practical gestures severaltimes before the PPA session to better see the demonstration with sufficient magnification and to reduce stress. Both techniques have proven to be effective, and their combination will bring better satisfaction to the students.

The secret of voice: How acoustic characteristics affect video creators' performance on Bilibili

The importance of voice has been well acknowledged in sensory decision-making. Yet, past literature on video creators' performance did not shed much light on the impact of video creators' acoustic characteristics. Building on signaling theory of portfolios, we examine how the acoustic characteristics of a video creator and the signals of video quantity affect the number of likes a video creator receives and the change in the number of the creator's followers. Using a longitudinal dataset obtained from Bilibili through automated speech recognition analytics and text analysis approach, econometrics models are employed to test the research model. Findings indicate that loudness variability of a video creator significantly increases the number of likes the creator receives, and exerts a positive effect on the change in the number of the creator's followers. In contrast, vocal pitch has a significant positive impact on the number of likes but a significant negative impact on the change in the number of followers. Results further suggest that a video creator's performance varies according to the signals of video quantity, i.e., the number of weekly published videos and the average length of videos. Our results could offer theoretical contributions and practical insights for video creators to enhance their performance by adjusting the acoustic characteristics and the signals of video quantity wisely.

An Evaluation of Quality, Reliability, and Accuracy of Vocal Health Content on TikTok

Social media plays an ever-growing part in modern life and is a frequent source of health information for patients. Singers are particularly likely to receive health information solely from fellow musicians and may experience barriers to seeking vocal healthcare. However, there have been no studies to date evaluating vocal health information on social media. Our study aimed to assess the quality, reliability, and accuracy of vocal health content on TikTok. Cross-sectional analysis. Three searches were carried out on Tiktok, using the terms "vocal health," "vocal injury," and "voice tips." The top 50 videos in each category were cataloged for extraction of data and for analysis on three discrete scales. Two independent reviewers rated each video using the Global Quality Scale (GQS), modified DISCERN scale, and Accuracy in Digital-health Instrument (ANDI). After the removal of duplicates and unavailable content, 146 videos were analyzed. The mean (range) length was 59.8seconds (5-239), and number of views per video was 886,265 (432-36,700,000). The vast majority of videos (94.5%) were created by non-clinicians; only two videos (1.37%) were posted by otolaryngologists. The mean (SD) GQS score was 2.34 (0.75) out of a maximum of five, the DISCERN score was 0.97 (0.56) out of five, and the ANDI score was 2.85 (0.87) out of four. Video length was positively correlated with GQS and DISCERN scores, but views, likes, and shares were either not associated or negatively associated with GQS, DISCERN, and ANDI. Most videos were of low quality and reliability and moderate accuracy. Measures of popularity were either uncorrelated or negatively correlated with quality, reliability, and accuracy, suggesting that TikTok users are more likely to engage with lower-quality content online. This implies a potential role for vocal health professionals to fill a crucial gap with reliable information on social media.

YouTube as a Source of Information in Trauma Management for ATLS (10th Edition) Guidelines: Evaluation of Trauma Management Videos on YouTube.

Background: Trauma is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, and online platforms have become essential sources of information for trauma management. YouTube can play a significant role in helping people access medical information. Methods: YouTube was searched using the keywords management of trauma and assessment of trauma to identify relevant videos. Two authors independently evaluated the videos according to the ATLS (10th edition) guidelines, the modified DISCERN (m-DISCERN) scale, and the Global Quality Scale (GQS) criteria. The videos that met the study criteria were evaluated based on the provider, video length, and view count. Results: Out of 939 videos, 667 were excluded resulting in 272 videos included in the study. According to the ATLS (10th edition) guidelines, the median score for videos was 8 (IQR 7-8). Videos uploaded by official institutions and healthcare professionals received higher scores than from uncertain sources (p = 0.003). According to the GQS, 86% of the videos were low or moderate quality; uncertain sources uploaded 78% of low-quality videos. Conclusion: YouTube is an information source about trauma management that contains videos of varying quality and has a broad audience. Official institutions and healthcare professionals should be aware of this evolving technology and publish up-to-date, accurate content to increase awareness about trauma management and help patients distinguish helpful information from misleading content.

Characteristics of the most viewed Hybrid Assistive Limb-related videos on YouTube.

Objectives. YouTube is one of the most popular video-sharing tools and is used as a forum for sharing information about experiences with new technology-based exercise programs, such as the wearable cyborg Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL). This study aimed to analyze the content and quality of HAL-related videos viewed by people to clarify the content required by YouTube viewers. Methods. We searched HAL-related YouTube videos and selected the top 100 most viewed videos. The number of views, video length, upload date, content, and uploaders of each video were recorded. In addition, DISCERN was used to evaluate the quality of videos. Results. Of the 100 videos, the most shared content was the training videos on HAL (n = 58). The videos uploaded by YouTubers had a significantly higher number of views than those uploaded by other uploaders (hospital, company, and municipality) (p < .001). Furthermore, they had significantly higher DISCERN Questions 16 scores, which serve as the basis for the overall evaluation of the publication's overall quality (p < .001). Conclusion. HAL-related videos on YouTube, featuring the experiences and feedback of YouTubers who are HAL users, are favored more by viewers than by service providers.

YouTube as an information source for bleeding gums: A quantitative and qualitative analysis.

Gum bleeding is a common dental problem, and numerous patients seek health-related information on this topic online. The YouTube website is a popular resource for people searching for medical information. To our knowledge, no recent study has evaluated content related to bleeding gums on YouTube™. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a quantitative and qualitative analysis of YouTube videos related to bleeding gums. A search was performed on YouTube using the keyword "bleeding gums" from Google Trends. Of the first 200 results, 107 videos met the inclusion criteria. The descriptive statistics for the videos included the time since upload, the video length, and the number of likes, views, comments, subscribers, and viewing rates. The global quality score (GQS), usefulness score, and DISCERN were used to evaluate the video quality. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test, and Spearman correlation analysis. The majority (n = 69, 64.48%) of the videos observed were uploaded by hospitals/clinics and dentists/specialists. The highest coverage was for symptoms (95.33%). Only 14.02% of the videos were classified as "good". The average video length of the videos rated as "good" was significantly longer than the other groups (p <0.05), and the average viewing rate of the videos rated as "poor" (63,943.68%) was substantially higher than the other groups (p <0.05). YouTube videos on bleeding gums were of moderate quality, but their content was incomplete and unreliable. Incorrect and inadequate content can significantly influence patients' attitudes and medical decisions. Effort needs to be expended by dental professionals, organizations, and the YouTube platform to ensure that YouTube can serve as a reliable source of information on bleeding gums.

Optimal Video Length Effect on Flow Experience and Perceived Learning: A Repeated Measure Experimental Design with Randomization

Videos are commonly used in education. Benefitting from instructional videos in learning processes empowers students’ academic outcomes. In spite of this, educators have no consensus on optimal video length. There is a need to cease speculations on optimal video length since most of them have been relying only on context-based tips or best practices. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to delve into the optimal video length discussion through the lens of perceived learning and flow experience. We employed repeated measure experimental design with randomization of treatment order for each participant. Twenty-eight university students from two big cities in Türkiye volunteered to participate in the study. Short, medium, and long videos were compared via Friedman test. Results of this study substantiated instructional video length does not seem to affect students’ perceived learning and their overall flow experience. However, they tend to concentrate and focus better on short videos. We call for an end to optimal video length discussion for videos shorter than 10 minutes, especially in terms of learning. The implications relying on the findings were discussed in terms of differences between “thinking to be in flow” and “being actually in flow.” The recommendations are given in detail in the full text.

The Quality and Reliability of Information in YouTube Videos on Occupational Health and Safety.

Education is very important to prevent occupational injuries and accidents, which are almost all completely preventable. The aim of this study was to evaluate training videos on this subject on the YouTube platform. Six search terms related to occupational health and safety (OHS) were scanned on May 31, 2021. After the application of exclusion criteria, a total of 176 videos were included for final analysis using the parameters of country origin, source of the video, content, number of views, comments, likes, dislikes, and video duration. The Global Quality Scale (GQS) and modified DISCERN tools were used to evaluate the quality and reliability of the videos in this analytical cross-sectional study. According to the GQS score, 111 (63.1%) videos were of low quality. Statistically significant differences were found between the low-, moderate-, and high-quality groups with respect to video length, likes, dislikes, comments, likes per day, dislikes per day, comments per day, video category, and the DISCERN scores (P < 0.05). The vast majority of videos contained low-quality information. A large number of videos were uploaded on OHS content from independent users and the USA. There is a clear need for professionals to play a more active role in uploading and sharing high-quality information on Internet platforms on the subject of OHS.

Community-Based Intervention for Elderly Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Assessing the Effectiveness of a YouTube Self-Education Program during the Global COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: This study assessed a YouTube self-education program implemented for elderly patients with diabetes during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic at Hypertension and Diabetes Registration and Education Center (HDREC) in Hongcheon, Korea.Methods: Content analysis was conducted on diabetes-related videos uploaded on the YouTube channel ‘I want to know blood vessels!’ and the satisfaction of 266 patients with diabetes who participated in the online self-education program via a cross-sectional study was evaluated.Results: From 2020 to 2022, the HDREC periodically delivered a total of 38 diabetes care-related videos to this channel. The mean length of individual videos was approximately 7 minutes, and the total screening time for all videos reached about 289 minutes. Participants viewed videos on lifestyle habits such as nutrition care (up to 619 times), clinical understanding regarding diabetes (up to 578 times). In terms of satisfaction with self-education, 100% of the participants answered satisfied, and 100% answered helpful from video contents. The post-score (mean, 3.55 points) was significantly higher than the pre-score (mean, 2.43 points) after comparing the differences in knowledge levels of 74 patients who participated in this education program in 2022.Conclusion: Despite the stringent quarantine policies implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is expected that our YouTube education strategy will be more accessible for diabetes self-care, and will improve treatment compliance of patients with diabetes. Further research should focus on devising a more appropriate method for developing educational content based on patients’ video inquiry patterns and preferences in future crises involving non-communicable diseases.