Video Image Processing System Research Articles

Performance and energy evaluation of dynamic adaptive deterministic routing algorithm for multicore architectures

Chip Multiprocessors (CMPs) leverage multiple processing units to improve computational speed and efficiency. Routing algorithms in NoC (Network-on-Chip) architectures ensure efficient data communication between these units, addressing challenges such as congestion, latency, and power consumption. This paper delves into an extensive analysis of the performance evaluation concerning the Dynamic Adaptive Deterministic (DyAD) routing for Network-on-Chip (NoC) and Wireless Network-on-Chip (WiNoC) configurations within the framework of a 64-core and 100-core multicore architecture. The evaluation involved a congestion threshold analysis of data transmission latency, the efficiency of network data throughput, and the amount of energy consumed. To substantiate our conclusions, we conducted simulations of the 64-core and 100-core mesh-based NoC and WiNoC architectures under the Video Image Processing System (VIPS) benchmark workload. These simulations were executed utilizing the Noxim simulator, a well-recognized tool acclaimed for its capacity to provide cycle-accurate simulations. Analyzing the simulation outcomes, it becomes evident that the DyAD routing approach for the 64-core and 100-core WiNoC architecture performs better in terms of network performance. It is characterized by enhanced capabilities at higher Packet Injection Rate (PIR) saturation loads, improved network throughput, and minimized latencies. This dominance is evident from its ability to handle heavier workloads and achieve lower delays in the investigated VIPS workload situations, compared to the 64-core and 100-core NoC multicore architecture.

Technology applications in bovine gait analysis: A scoping review.

Quantitative bovine gait analysis using technology has evolved significantly over the last two decades. However, subjective methods of gait assessment using visual locomotion scoring remain the primary on-farm and experimental approach. The objective of this review is to map research trends in quantitative bovine gait analysis and to explore the technologies that have been utilized to measure biomechanical parameters of gait. A scoping literature review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. A search algorithm based on PICO framework generated three components-bovine, gait, and technology-to address our objectives. Three online databases were searched for original work published from January 2000 to June 2020. A two-step screening process was then conducted, starting with the review of article titles and abstracts based on inclusion criteria. A remaining 125 articles then underwent a full-text assessment, resulting in 82 final articles. Thematic analysis of research aims resulted in four major themes among the studies: gait/claw biomechanics, lameness detection, intervention/comparison, and system development. Of the 4 themes, lameness detection (55% of studies) was the most common reason for technology use. Within the literature identified three main technologies were used: force and pressure platforms (FPP), vision-based systems (VB), and accelerometers. FPP were the first and most popular technologies to evaluate bovine gait and were used in 58.5% of studies. They include force platforms, pressure mapping systems, and weight distribution platforms. The second most applied technology was VB (34.1% of studies), which predominately consists of video analysis and image processing systems. Accelerometers, another technological method to measure gait characteristics, were used in 14.6% of studies. In sum, the strong demand for automatic lameness detection influenced the path of development for quantitative gait analysis technologies. Among emergent technologies, deep learning and wearable sensors (e.g., accelerometers) appear to be the most promising options. However, although progress has been made, more research is needed to develop more accurate, practical, and user-friendly technologies.

Retracted] Value Analysis of Video Image Multiprocessing Based on Vision Sensor in the Field of Football Scientific Research

The development and application of mobile portable video capture and image processing systems, as well as the development and improvement of computer multimedia courseware technology have made image processing technology widely used in football project scientific research services. This research mainly discusses the value of video image multiprocessing based on vision sensors in the field of football scientific research. The development and conduct of this research work require the application of sports video image processing technology software to conduct scientific experimental research and analysis on the athletes’ technical and tactical level, evaluate the athletes’ technical and tactical performance through qualitative and quantitative tests, and give different sports items at the same time. Humans can exchange information with the outside world through vision, hearing, and language and can express the same meaning in different ways. However, current intelligent machines or computers require programs to be written in strict accordance with various machine languages. Only in this way can the machine run. In order to enable more people to use complex machines, it is necessary to change the past situation where people adapt to machines. Instead, let the machine adapt to people’s habits and requirements and exchange information with people in the way people are used to, that is, let the machine have the ability to see, hear, and speak. At this time, the machine must have the ability of logical reasoning and decision‐making. Use sports video image processing technology and use examples to study and explore practical methods and means that are most in line with the scientific work of the project, and build the most scientific and useful sports video image processing system.. The CCD visual image sensor is used for signal acquisition and image processing when the motion video image processing system is established. Through logical analysis and induction, discuss and prove the intuitiveness, practicability, efficiency, and scientificity of the application of video image processing technology in the field of football scientific research. Finally, in the mathematical statistics method, the statistical software Excel 2003 in the office system is used to perform statistical analysis on all data results and analyze and compare the key kinematic parameters of some sports events. Analyzing the video images of the 2016 European Cup, the average possession rate of the Welsh team is 48%, and the average pass success rate per game is 82.7%. This research helps to improve the ability of football players to analyze, research, and evaluate sports skills.

Application of SVGA video real-time transmission technology in music education information communication

The current music education information has certain information loss in the real-time transmission process, which leads to poor educational effect. The research content of this thesis is based on FPGA video image acquisition and processing system. At the same time, this research mainly uses FPGA as the platform to realize and simulate video acquisition, transformation, storage, display and transmission. This research solves the problem of long-distance real-time transmission of high-definition video stream, and in order to improve the subjective quality of the recovered video at the receiving end, the algorithm processing is added to reduce the blockiness phenomenon in the video displayed at the receiving end. Finally, the validation test was designed to validate the research perspective. The experimental results show that the system works stably and realizes the functions of video image acquisition, conversion, display and transmission, and achieves the design goal. However, due to time constraints and other conditions, the entire design needs further improvement, so that it can provide a basis for the development of subsequent music education information communication technology.

Visualization of Low-Permeability Natural Core Carbon Dioxide Immiscible Flooding Flow Characteristics

Video image processing system is closely related to the development of modern science and technology. So visualization research is more and more important in the experiment. The main purpose of this paper is to study the feature visualization of CO2 immiscible flooding seepage image of low permeability natural core. In this paper, particle image velocimetry PIV method and immiscible drive equation are used to realize the image acquisition of immiscible drive, and this paper is explored through the experiment of CO2 immiscible drive percolation characteristics, analysis of immiscible zone migration characteristics, description and analysis of unsteady CO2 immiscible drive experiment, and the production and analysis of percolation image visualization micro model. And in the result, the residual oil saturation of the heterogeneous model is 15.5% and 13.7%, which is not significantly higher than that of the homogeneous model, and the residual oil saturation is 35%. The conclusion is that the immiscible co permeability and the relative permeability curve of the reservoir with low viscosity and low permeability in the image visualization study. It makes a great contribution to the research of image visualization in the industrial development of low permeability natural core and improves the industrial production in the future.

Design of Real Time Video Image Acquisition and Processing System Based on FPGA

Based on characteristics of instantaneously, large capacity and miniaturization of digital image acquisition and processing technology, a real-time video image acquisition and processing circuit system was designed, FPGA was used as the center of controlling the whole system and the center of processing image data. With DDR2 SDRAM the core component of high speed storage module, and CMOS 7670 the video image acquisition device. Through the Quratus II and Modelsim software for edge detection algorithm mand the control process, each module of the hardware design and simulation, the realization of the video images from the collection and storage to the treating and display, which shows smooth, clear and real-time.

Traffic Data Analysis Using Image Processing Technique on Delhi-Gurgaon Expressway

With the advancements in video image processing system (VIPS), detection mechanism has made a significant improvement over traditional methods for traffic data analysis. Traffic on Delhi-Gurgaon expressway is heterogeneous in nature with non-lane based behaviour. Moreover, automation and instrumentation are also not implemented. In view of this, TRaffic AnalyZer and EnumeratoR (TRAZER), a VIPS was used to process video-captured data on Delhi-Gurgaon expressway to check accuracy based on traffic count, speed and lateral placement. The motivation behind using TRAZER is to evaluate its efficiency and robustness for extracting micro and macro-level traffic parameters under heterogeneous traffic conditions. To achieve this, data were extracted manually on above parameters and compared with those obtained from TRAZER. The volume count data from TRAZER generated a lesser accuracy of 60% detection under heavy traffic conditions, using default parameters. Thus, refinements were carried out in the software as part of calibration: (i) redefining maximum and minimum detection widths for each vehicle category, and (ii) selecting the optimum trap length for reducing the occlusion effect, which increased the detection percentage as well as reduced the error. After implementing these refinements, 80% of the vehicles were detected. Further, relationships between vehicle speed and its lateral placement from median across road width, at a given point were also developed. The models were developed for both aggregate (considering all vehicles) and disaggregate (vehicle category-wise) levels. The polynomial relationship was found to be best fitted function to estimate vehicle speed based on its lateral placement.

Pedestrian speed at signalised crosswalks: analysis and influencing factors

Understanding the characteristics of pedestrian speed at intersections is important requirement for improving existing operational policies and for providing rational safety assessments. This study macroscopically investigates the effects of signal timing, pedestrian origin-destination and crosswalk length on pedestrian speed. Three signalised crosswalks in Nagoya City, Japan, are videotaped. A pre-developed video-image processing system is utilised to extract speed data. Pedestrian signal timing is divided into six intervals. Depending on the entering time, each pedestrian is assigned to one of these intervals. Then, entering, exit and travel speeds in different time intervals are estimated and compared. It is concluded that pedestrian entering and travel speeds significantly increase as pedestrian green interval proceeds. Moreover, pedestrians show higher travel speeds at long crosswalks. In high turning traffic demand cases, drivers compete with pedestrians on the right of way, which may force pedestrians to slow down and even stop leading to lower travel speeds.

Design of DSP Video Image Processing System Control Software

In order to realize the DSP Video Image Processing System works well in the highlight environment, the system control software is designed. In this control part, the ultra-low power MSP430 single chip microcomputer (MCU) is the core, which can be programmed to control the DSP Video Image Processing System, the video A/D converter and the highlight protection circuit by the Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) bus. The Image Processing algorithm models can be selected. Whether the highlight protection circuit is turned on or not depends on the comparison result of the environment light and the MCU light threshold. The control program code has been debugged and tested through the MSP development board and the IAR C-SPY debugger. The result shows the DSP Video Image Processing System Control Software is ideal.

Vehicle Detection Using Video Image Processing System: Evaluation of PEEK VideoTrak

This paper describes validation results of a video image processing systems: PEEK VideoTrak 900. For this research, 12 PEEK VideoTrak 900s were installed on Interstate Highway I-75 in the Atlanta metropolitan region, and traffic movements were videotaped during several time periods. The test results showed that tracking strip type and location are critical factors in obtaining the best data accuracy. The test results showed that the system provided relatively stable speeds, but some cases showed huge volume errors. The system provided reasonable volume and speed results during the daytime, but its performance diminished during the nighttime.

Three-dimensional Analysis of Human Locomotion in Normal Subjects and Patients with Vestibular Deficiency

The purpose of this study was to clarify the role of the vestibular system in human locomotion. The subjects were nine healthy controls, nine patients with unilateral vestibular deficiency (UVD) and nine patients with bilateral vestibular deficiency (BVD). The UVD subjects were Ménière's disease patients who were being treated with administration of gentamicin into the tympanic cavity. BVD subjects were hearing-impaired individuals who showed no response to the ice-water caloric test. A total of 13 markers were attached to the head, trunk (C7), hip and foot in order to measure translational and rotational motions with the aid of a video image processing system. All subjects were instructed to restrict their stride length to 80 cm while walking on a treadmill and watching a visual target. However, walking speed varied depending on the ability of the subject to maintain body equilibrium. The results showed that walking speed and step frequency were significantly lower for the UVD and BVD groups than for the normal group. Analysis of head movements in the sagittal plane showed a counteracting motion between pitch rotations and vertical translation as previously reported. We also found head counteracting motions between yaw rotation and lateral translation in the horizontal plane. These mechanisms are thought to help stabilize the gaze during walking. When the head fixation point was calculated by projecting the naso-occipital axis line during walking, the head counteracting motion was found to assist the vestibulo-ocular reflex in stabilizing the gaze. In addition, normal subjects seemed to use head stabilization as a space strategy in order to minimize head yaw movement. In contrast, UVD and BVD subjects adopted head stabilization as a trunk strategy.

120 微小血管内のオプティカルフローと血流速度分布

The advance of computerized image processing techniques has opened a new area in flow visualization and quantitative analysis of fluid dynamics. In this study, image analysis methods to measure blood velocity and flow profile in the microcirculation using a high speed video camera and image processing system are proposed. The image gradient method and image correlation method enable us to describe optical flow of blood flow dynamics; two dimensional velocity distribution and radial velocity profiles in the microscopic blood vessels. The results of image analysis indicate that the proposed system is very useful to measure the blood flow velocity with high temporal and spatial resolution.

Smart Video Sensor for Driver Vigilance Monitoring

Monitoring the car driver's vigilance is a complex problem. It requires a non intrusive system able to measure and interpret symptoms independently of driver's physical characteristics, way of driving and environment. Within the European Program SAVE a multi-sensor approach for improving the driver impairement diagnostic is considered. Among the information which can be used to predict driver impairement the observation of eyelid patterns seems to be one of the most relevant. Siemens is developing a non intrusive, real time, on board video-image processing system for measuring: the driver's eyelid pattern i.e. the eyelid sensor. This paper gives an overview about the SAVE program. It describes in section 3 the main HW and SW characteristics of the eyelid sensor. Finally, the results of preliminaiy evaluations performed for car day time real-driving conditions and for night conditions on driving simulator are presented.

Traffic Video Image Processing Systems Installations - An Examination of VIPS Standardization

During two recent research projects (1993-94 and 1996-97), the California Polytechnic State University - San Luis Obispo (Cal Poly) and the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) conducted field tests in a variety of freeway/highway/street locations and under a variety of conditions to assess the feasibility of deployment of traffic video image processing systems (VIPS) for detection purposes in California. This paper discusses system performance issues as well as some of the major needs for standardization in the area of traffic detection through image processing as observed during the field tests for both freeway monitoring as well as intersection control.

Digital image processing of images obtained with a Pu–Be (∼107) neutron source

A Nuclear particle scintillation imaging system, developed earlier by the authors, has been upgraded and tested for its radiographic performance using a low intensity Pu–Be (∼107 n/s) source. The main objective of this work was to check the feasibility of a neutron radiography facility using a low intensity Pu–Be isotopic source and evaluate its performance. To accumulate the neutron exposure, an on-line frame integration method was used for imaging static objects. Because integrated images from the system were mottled and poor in contrast, a video image processing system was employed to enhance the quality of the integrated images. Significant improvements in image quality are seen, when image processing techniques such as smoothing, contrast stretching, edge enhancement, and histogram equalization are employed. This article provides an overview of the improvement in the image quality consequent to implementation of image processing techniques.

Statistical kinetics for pulverized coal combustion

Coal is a heterogeneous substance whose structure and properties are highly variable on the length scale of the particle sizes used in suspension-fired combustion systems. For certain applications the statistical variations among particles can play an important role. In this paper, three specialized, single-particle techniques are applied to quantify the variations in combustion reactivity and char particle density within pulverized char particle populations. Reactivity variations are investigated through captive particle imaging experiments and entrained flow reactor experiments employing single-particle optical diagnostics. Single-particle density variations are determined directly by a novel technique based on an electrodynamic microbalance equipped with an automated video imaging and image processing system. From these data, a coal-general statistical kinetic model is developed and validated against a large set of single-particle temperature measurements for ten coals of various rank burning in three different combustion environments. The model incorporates a single empirical parameter describing the heterogeneity in reactivity and can adequately describe the entire database using a single coal-independent value of this parameter. The use of the model is demonstrated in a series of numerical simulations of complete burnout process for size-classified and polydisperse fuel samples. The simulations show that incorporating statistical kinetics has an important effect on burnout predictions in certain cases, the importance increasing with decreases in temperature, mean reactivity, and breadth of the particle size distribution.

Three dimensional reconstruction of coherent structures using image processing techniques

An algorithm for reconstructing three dimensional images of coherent structures using a commercially available video image processing system is presented. The principal advantages of this work are low cost and minimal development time. The image processing system comes complete with frame grabbing and four software programs needed for image reconstruction. The process entails: grabbing individual video frames comprising a single three dimensional image of a vortex, converting each frame to a polygon, ordering successive polygons to reconstruct the vortex skeleton, and generating a surface for full three dimensional reconstruction. The processing system also includes a computer ‘movie studio’ for creating animations, and a video editing system for producing professional quality video presentations.

Inhibitory effects of pentoxifylline on LPS-induced leukocyte adhesion and macromolecular extravasation in the microcirculation

Pentoxifylline (PTX) has been shown to combat effectively endotoxin induced symptoms of shock or inflammation by reducing both leukocyte activation and endogenous cytokine formation. With regard to blood perfusion, inflammation is defined as a local reaction to injury of the living microvasculature and its content. Leukocyte margination, rolling, adhesion, and emigration is mediated by adhesion molecules along the endothelium of postcapillary venules and is considered to be an important step in the inflammatory response. Changes in the vascular integrity can be estimated in terms of increased extravasation of macromolecules. Using intravital microscopy with the help of an analogous video image processing system we measured the effect of PTX on lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 15 mg/kg i.v.) induced leukocyte adhesion and extravasation of FITC-rat serum albumin (FITC-RSA) in rat mesenteric venules. The changes in vascular permeability correlates significantly (r = 0.75) with a locally increased number of adherent leukocytes. PTX significantly inhibits both leukocyte adhesion and extravasation of FITC-RSA dose dependently. Our results indicate that PTX effectively preserves vascular integrity in the microcirculation by acting primarily on LPS-induced leukocyte adhesion.

Effects of different mediators or cytokines and monoclonal antibodies to adhesion molecules on leukocyte adhesion in rat mesenteric venules.

Leukocyte adhesion (LA) to the endothelium of postcapillary venules is considered to be an important step in the inflammatory response. The recruitment of blood leukocytes into sites of inflammation involves a well-coordinated and dynamic sequence of events in which several cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) and chemotactic cytokines play an active role. The aim of the present study was to elucidate receptor-mediated interaction in mesenteric venules of leukocyte rolling/adhesion and plasma leakage. We applied intravital microscopic techniques, with the help of an analogous video image processing system, to measure changes in the microvascular integrity. Rat monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) to different CAMs were administered before inflammatory stimuli were applied. Topical application of different doses of either lipo-polysaccharide (LPS), fMet-Leu-Phe, zymosan, complement C5a, Tnf-alpha, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL2 or IL-6 resulted in a dose-dependent increase in LA. The injection of a MoAb (1 mg/kg), 15 min prior to the LPS challenge, resulted in (1) total inhibition of LA, when MoAb to rat L-section, LFA1-beta and VLA-4 were used, (2) a moderate effect with LFA-1beta and Mac-1 MoAb, and (3) only a weak influence on LA by the MoAb to rat ICAM-1 (1 mg/kg). No effects were seen with IgG1 control MoAb. LA in acute models of inflammation can be regarded as a consequence of time-dependent differential effects of CAMs, as observed through the application of different MoAb.

Mediator-Induced Changes in Macromolecular Permeability in the Rat Mesenteric Microcirculation

An intravital fluorescence microscopic method for measurement of changes in macromolecular permeability has been established in the mesenterial microcirculation of the rat. After exteriorization of the fat-free distal part of the ileal mesentery, a 1-hr period of stabilization was followed by the injection of FITC-labeled macromolecules. Five minutes later, histamine, leukotriene B 4, or leukotriene C 4 was topically applied to the tissue by means of a micromanipulator. Areas of 1 mm 2 were videotaped with a SIT camera. The fluorescence intensity of these areas was measured by an analogous video image processing system and displayed as gray value histograms. The shift of the frequency of gray levels from lower to upper regions could be attributed to an increase in light intensity in the mesentery, indicating an increase in vessel wall permeability. The sites of action of histamine and leukotriene C 4 were very similar. Both mediators affected mainly the larger collecting venules. In contrast, leukotriene B 4 exerted its effect at postcapillary venules. Moreover, leukotriene B 4-induced extravasation was inhibited by superoxide dismutase, suggesting an involvement of oxygen radicals. The studies with histamine alone and with H 1- and H 2-antagonists demonstrated that histamine-induced extravasation in the rat mesentery was mediated by H 1-histamine receptors. The present study introduces an experimental model for the measurement of changes in macromolecular permeability, which is useful for studying mediator effects and their pharmacological inhibition in the microcirculation of the rat mesentery.