Video Illustration Research Articles

Online and Classroom Simulations: Does Video Use Inspire Interest, Comprehensibility, or Achieve Learning Outcomes?

This study examined whether a video illustration of a complex phenomenon promoted learner interest, perceived comprehensibility, and better learning in online- and classroom-based contexts. In the first study, undergraduate participants ( N = 101) viewed learning materials which contained a video only, a video and textual explanation, or a textual explanation alone. Participants rated the interestingness and comprehensibility of the instructional materials and completed a learning outcomes test. The second study ( N = 56) included the same learning materials in a classroom context. The video presentation of the material did not improve learning outcomes, in either context. Participants in the computer-delivered context who only viewed the text learned the material better than those who had viewed the video. In the classroom-delivered context, the video neither helped nor hurt the learning outcomes, but it also did not significantly boost learners’ interest. Taken together, findings from the present study indicate potential limited utility of including video material within these instructional contexts.

MATHEMATICS LEARNING BASED ISLAMIC ECONOMY USING MIND MAP PAINTING

This paper describes about a mathematics learning based on fiqh (Islamic economic) and assisted by mind map painting. The learning objectives of this paper are not only to construct students' knowledge of learning materials, but also inculcate moral values based on the science of fiqh (Islamic economic). It is as stated in the national learning goals is to establish the appropriate nature of religious norms, knowledgeable and creative. One of the mathematics instructional materials contained in the science of fiqh (Islamic economic) is a social arithmetic. In this paper,it is asocial learning arithmetic using mind map painting. Mind map painting capable of developing the mind and improving the memory. Moreover, mind map painting capable of improving the absorption of information, problem solving and increase ability to think. Syntax learning in this paper, namely, 1) the opening, starting together to read and understand the gist of one letter of the Qur'an, 2) the core activities, the provision of video illustration initial problems, the provision of material and finish problem of the video, create a mind map painting and present it to the class, 3) cover, giving feedback on the presentations and jointly concluded learning outcomes. So the learning mathematics based on Islamic economy using mind map painting is expected to construct students' knowledge and foster the student's character based on the science of fiqh (Islamic economic).

Robotic-Assisted Excision of a Urachal Diverticulum

Study ObjectiveTo demonstrate a combined robotic-assisted laparoscopic technique with concomitant cystoscopy use for excision of a urachal diverticulum to ensure complete resection of diverticulum and bladder cuff. DesignStep-by-step demonstration and explanation of the procedure using video illustration. Institutional Review Board/Ethics Committee ruled that approval was not required for this case report; however, patient consent was obtained (Canadian Task Force Classification III). SettingVesicourachal diverticula account for approximately 3% to 5% of congenital urachal anomalies. Although usually asymptomatic, the diverticulum may be associated with an increased risk of urinary tract infections, intraurachal stone formation, and an increased prevalence of carcinoma after puberty. When diverticula become symptomatic or infected, surgical management is warranted. PatientA 68-year-old gravida 0 woman was evaluated with cystoscopy for recurrent culture-proven urinary tract infections. A suspected vesicourachal diverticulum was identified on cystoscopy, and the diagnosis was confirmed on computed tomography. She was counseled on management options and elected to undergo robotic-assisted excision of the urachal remnant with concomitant cystoscopy. InterventionAfter identifying the diverticulum both laparoscopically and on cystoscopy, the anterior peritoneum was incised to dissect the diverticulum off the anterior abdominal wall. The dissection was carried down to the level of the bladder dome, necessitating entry into the retropubic space of Retzius. A partial cystectomy was performed to ensure complete resection of the diverticulum. The bladder was repaired in 2 layers. Concurrent laparoscopy and cystoscopy allowed for assurance of watertight closure by retrograde filling of the bladder and observing laparoscopically. Although entered, the space of Retzius is an avascular potential space between the pubic symphysis and the bladder and does not necessitate closure. Surgery was performed successfully without intraoperative or postoperative complications. On final pathology, a benign urachal diverticulum was completely excised. The patient’s presenting symptoms resolved postoperatively. ConclusionRobotic-assisted excision of a vesicourachal diverticulum with concomitant use of cystoscopy is a safe, effective, and efficient technique for successful, minimally invasive, management of symptomatic urachal diverticula.

Integrating end-user feedback in the concept stage of development of a novel sensor access system for environmental control

Purpose: This article illustrates user-centred design of a novel sensor access system for environmental control in the concept stage of development.Methods: Focus groups of individuals with disabilities and rehabilitation healthcare professionals were provided with video illustration of the technology and asked to provide quantitative and qualitative feedback through a semistructured interview process. Qualitative methods were employed to analyse transcribed comments to develop themes supporting ongoing development of the technology.Results: Both end-user streams rated the original design features of the sensor access system (alternative interface to assistive technologies, having wireless capabilities and not requiring batteries) as having high potential value. Both groups identified a need for the future design of the sensor technology to be able to capture minimal/reduced movements for those with severe physical impairments. Themes included (1) the sensor technology could be individualized/customized to accommodate the user, (2) minimal positioning and set-up requirement and (3) technology that alleviated problems encountered with touch-based solutions.Conclusions: Inclusion of end-user feedback provided the research team with valuable information that supported the initial conceptualization of the design features of the technology and provided valuable data to support development of a new prototype that can capture more reduced/minimal movements.Implication for RehabilitationUser-centered design of assistive technology is essential to the development of technology that can meet the unique needs of those with the most severe physical impairments.New sensor technology may alleviate some of the access challenges faced by individuals with severe physical impairments.Collaboration between all key stakeholders (individuals with disabilities, rehabilitation professionals, researchers, and developers) is an essential component in the iterative assistive technology design process.

Bronchoscopy and Fogarty Balloon Insertion of Distal Tracheo-Oesophageal Fistula for Oesophageal Atresia Repair With Video Illustration.

During repair of esophageal atresia with distal tracheo-esophageal fistula, air leakage through the fistula during mechanical ventilation can cause respiratory demise. From February 2012 until November 2014, all patients with esophageal atresia and distal tracheo-esophageal fistula were subjected to preoperative tracheobronchoscopy. Relatively distal fistulas were cannulated with a Fogarty catheter and blocked by insufflation (video illustration). Relatively proximal distal fistulas were sealed by precise placement of a cuffed ventilation tube. Nine of 12 patients received Fogarty balloon placement. The fistula of the remaining 3 patients were sealed by careful tube placement. No complications related to tracheobronchoscopy or Fogarty placement were noted. All procedures were uneventful. Preoperative tracheobronchoscopy to evaluate the usefulness of Fogarty balloon insertion or correct tube placement for distal tracheo-esophageal fistula is a safe and easy to perform procedure that can avoid complications in type C esophageal atresia repair.

Modified side-to-side isoperistaltic strictureplasty over the ileocaecal valve for the surgical treatment of terminal ileal Crohn's disease: the ultimate bowel sparing technique?

The study describes the technique of a modified side-to-side isoperistaltic strictureplasty over the ileocaecal valve. The technical details of a modified side-to-side isoperistaltic strictureplasty of the terminal ileum for stricturing Crohn's disease is described including Figs.1 and 2 and a video illustration (Video S1). Between November 2010 and December 2015, 36 patients underwent a side-to-side isoperistaltic strictureplasty of the (neo-)terminal ileum (men 14/36; median age 35years [interquartile range (IQR) 26-51years]). Thirty were operated by either multiport or single port laparoscopy. The median length of hospital stay was 9 (IQR 8-11)days. Anastomotic leakage occurred in two patients both in the first five cases. In both the anastomosis could be rescued by additional suturing. After a median follow-up of 18.9 (IQR 7.0-36.0)months, 14 patients had developed clinical recurrence and one had a surgical recurrence at 63months. A modified side-to-side isoperistaltic strictureplasty is a feasible and safe technique, rendering maximal bowel sparing surgery possible.

Introduction to Lumbosacral and Sacropelvic Fixation Strategies

We are pleased to present this Neurosurgical Focus video supplement on lumbosacral and sacropelvic fixation strategies. Despite advancement in surgical techniques and technologies in spine, achieving consistent solid fusion across the lumbosacral junction remains a major challenge. The anatomy of the lumbosacral junction allows for a higher range of motion compared to other areas of the thoracolumbar spine. The L5-S1 interspace is exposed to significant shear forces. As a result, complications such as pseudoarthrosis, screw pull-out, implant fracture, or sacral fractures can occur. Complications are particularly seen in long fusion constructs ending across the lumbosacral junction. To reduce these complications, various lumbosacral and sacropelvic fixation techniques have been developed and utilized. The current supplement is intended to provide instructional videos that illustrate several current techniques for lumbosacral and sacropelvic fixation. The collection includes techniques for anterior L5-S1 interbody fusion, minimally invasive L5-S1 interbody fusions, lumbosacral pedicle screw placement, sacroiliac fusion, and sacro-alar-iliac screw placement. The authors of the videos in the supplement have provided detailed narration and video illustration to describe the nuances of the various open and minimally invasive techniques for lumbosacral and sacral-pelvic fixation. We are pleased to have such a collection of quality video illustration from experts in the field. It's been our privilege to serve as guest editors for this supplement and we believe that you will enjoy the contents of this supplement.

Video illustration on the detection and characterization of a small pancreatic cancer by a combination of conventional endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), contrast enhanced harmonic EUS (CEH-EUS) and elastography

Video illustration on the detection and characterization of a small pancreatic cancer by a combination of conventional endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), contrast enhanced harmonic EUS (CEH-EUS) and elastography

Transanal completion proctectomy after total colectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis: a modified single stapled technique.

Minimally invasive surgery has proved its efficacy for the surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). The recent evolution in single port (SP) surgery together with transanal rectal surgery could further facilitate minimally invasive surgery in UC patients. This technical note describes a technical modification for single stapled anastomoses in patients undergoing transanal completion proctectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (ta-IPAA) for UC. A step-by-step approach of the ta-IPAA in UC is described, including pictures and a video illustration. We describe a ta-IPAA with SP laparoscopy at the ileostomy site. All patients underwent a total colectomy with end-ileostomy for therapy refractory UC in a first step. Colectomy was done by multiport laparoscopy in six patients, while the ileostomy site was used as single port access in five patients. In all 11 patients the stoma site was used for SP mobilization of the mesenteric root and fashioning of the J-pouch. Completion proctectomy was done using a transanal approach. A single stapled anastomosis was performed in all patients. An 18 French catheter was used to approximate the pouch to the rectal cuff. A technical modification of the single stapled anastomosis facilitates the formation of the ta-IPAA, further reducing invasiveness in UC patients.

Concha bullosa mucocele: A case series and review of the literature.

Background:Concha bullosa mucocele is a rare diagnosis that presents as a nasal mass. It impinges on surrounding structures and can easily be mistaken for a neoplasm.Objective:The objective of this study was to shed light on this rare entity and report its diagnostic features and treatment outcomes.Methods:A case series conducted in a tertiary health care center. Demographic data, clinical presentation, imaging, cultures, and treatments were recorded. Operative video illustration and key images were obtained. A review of the literature was also performed.Results:A total of five cases were reviewed, four of which were concha bullosa mucoceles and one was a mucopyocele. Three of the patients had some form of previous nasal trauma. Headache and nasal obstruction were the most common symptoms with a nasal mass finding on physical examination. Computed tomography was used in all the patients, and magnetic resonance imaging was used in four of the five patients. Four patients had coexistent chronic rhinosinusitis, and three had positive bacterial cultures. All these patients were treated endoscopically either with middle turbinate marsupialization or subtotal resection. No recurrence has been noted thus far.Conclusion:Concha bullosa mucocele is a rare diagnosis. Imaging characteristics are helpful in considering the diagnosis, although surgical intervention is often necessary to confirm the diagnosis and treat concha bullosa mucocele.

Technique for a stapled anastomosis following transanal total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer.

Transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) is an emerging and exciting new technique in rectal cancer surgery. As with all novel techniques, new challenges arise, requiring small modifications of the technique. Here we present a simple technique that we have devised to facilitate a stapled anastomosis using standard circular staplers following a taTME. We describe the technique in a stepwise fashion with picture - and video illustration. Our experience with this anastomosis in a small cohort of patients is reported. No anastomotic leaks occurred in 12 consecutive patients using this technique following taTME. In one patient a small defect was noticed on direct visualisation of the anastomosis intra-operative, and was closed transanally. So far 8/12 patient had their protective ileostomy reversed with satisfactory function. We believe that this technique for a transanal, stapled anastomosis after a transanal TME procedure is safe and reproducible. Objective assessment of longterm functional outcome is required and outcomes need to be compared to other stapled techniques and handsewn anastomoses.

Knee Medial Collateral Ligament and Posteromedial Corner Anatomic Repair With Internal Bracing

An internal brace is a ligament repair bridging concept using braided ultrahigh–molecular-weight polyethylene/polyester suture tape and knotless bone anchors to reinforce ligament strength as a secondary stabilizer after repair and return to sports, which may help resist injury recurrence. An internal brace may provide augmentation during knee medial and posteromedial corner anatomic repair. In patients with combined, chronic, symptomatic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)–posteromedial corner laxity, combined ACL reconstruction with posteromedial corner reconstruction is indicated. Our ACL technique was previously published with video illustration in Arthroscopy and Arthroscopy Techniques. The purpose of this article is to describe, with video illustration, knee posteromedial corner reconstruction using anatomic repair with internal brace augmentation.

Arthroscopic pubic symphysis debridement and adductor enthesis repair in athletes with athletic pubalgia: technical note and video illustration.

We elaborately describe our novel arthroscopic technique of the symphysis pubis in athletes with osteitis pubis and concomitant adductor enthesopathy who fail to conservative treatment modalities. The symphysis pubis is debrided arthroscopically and the degenerated origin of adductor tendon (enthesis) is excised and reattached. With our surgical procedure the stability of the symphysis pubis is successfully preserved and the adductor longus enthesopathy simultaneously addressed in the same setting.

Frameless, Real-Time Surface Imaging-Guided Radiosurgery System

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) refers to the delivery of a single, high dose of radiation to a precisely defined target.1 This is achieved by using multiple, noncoplanar radiation beams that converge on the target lesion.2,3 The goal of SRS is to deliver highly conformal radiation therapy in an attempt to ablate the lesion, while minimizing damage to the surrounding normal tissue. SRS has proven to be a safe and efficacious treatment option for many lesions that are surgically inaccessible or are associated with unacceptable surgical morbidity.4–6 Due to the precision required for the planning and execution of SRS, implementation historically required the surgical attachment of a frame to the patient's skull.7 The frame is, in turn, rigidly mounted to the treatment table to minimize patient movement during treatment. Subsequent technological advances included the development of frameless SRS, where patient positioning is monitored through serial X-rays or externally attached fiducials.8,9 Whereas these systems have been proven accurate,10,11 they result in additional radiation to the patient and an increase of time and complexity in treatment delivery.12,13 To overcome these issues, we here provide a 9-minute 51-second video illustration of what can be described as a third generation SRS technology where patient immobilization is monitored by video surface imaging cameras designed to detect and monitor the surface contour of the patient's facial features. The system, AlignRT (VisionRT Ltd.), utilizes three ceiling-mounted nonionizing camera pods that capture facial landmarks of the patient and, in turn, builds a three-dimensional surface image of the patient. Each pod consists of three cameras (two for stereovision, one for texture), a speckle flash unit for static imaging, and a speckle projector for dynamic imaging. Once the surface rendering is complete, the system monitors any cranial displacement from the initial position. Radiation delivery is halted, if significant and sustained displacements occur, and resumed only after the patient returned to the initial position. We termed this system as Surface Imaging-Guided Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SIG SRS). We previously demonstrated that the physical accuracy and the clinical efficacy of SIG SRS are comparable to the frame-based X-ray or external fiducial-based systems.14,15 We have treated more than 350 patients with the AlignRT system. In terms of clinical efficacy, we have analyzed the outcome of our first 44 patients with 115 intracranial metastases treated with SIG SRS.14 The median follow-up for all patients was 6.0 months, with a range of 0.3–21.6 months. Actuarial 6- and 12-month local control was 90% and 76%, respectively. Regional failure was noted in 16 patients (46%). The median actuarial overall survival was 7.7 months.14 These results are comparable to those achieved using conventional frame-based systems,16,17 frameless systems with serial X-ray monitoring,10,18 as well as external fiducial systems.8,9 In this study, we provide a video documentation of the SIG SRS procedure based on minimal patient immobilization and patient monitoring with a video surface imaging system. This treatment constitutes a step forward in patient comfort and treatment speed, while maintaining accuracy and clinical results seen with previous stereotactic immobilization systems. Acknowledgments: This work was supported, in part, by National Institutes of Mental Health R25 grant MH71544 (P.J.). The authors would like to thank Tara Henson for her participation in demonstrating the procedure. K.T.M. and C.C.C. receive speakership honorarium from Varian Medical Systems. Runtime of video: 9 mins and 51 secs

Open reduction of irreducible posterolateral rotary knee dislocation without sectioning of incarcerated vastus medialis: A case report with video illustration

Traumatic knee joint dislocations are relatively rare. Most of knee dislocations are reduced by closed manipulation. However occasionally, especially in the case of soft tissue incarceration, closed reduction may not be possible and open reduction is mandatory. This report introduces a case of irreducible posterolateral rotary knee dislocation with interposition of vastus medialis treated through two-staged operations. In this report, we included preoperative magnetic resonance images (MRI), detailed intraoperative descriptions with photographs and video illustration that show the status of an injured knee joint and the effectiveness of the treatment.

Gelastic seizures in ring chromosome 20 syndrome: a case report with video illustration

Although increasingly recognised, ring chromosome 20 (r[20]) syndrome is still diagnosed with delay, sometimes leading to inappropriate presurgical evaluation. The focal, presumed frontal, character of the seizures manifesting with fear and hypermotor behaviour and episodes of non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) are most typical, as well as cognitive impairment with behavioural problems and, sometimes, dysmorphic signs. We present a girl diagnosed at the age of 13 years who suffered from an atypical clinical presentation, with minimal cognitive problems, absence of dysmorphic symptoms, and hypermotor/gelastic seizures. [Published with video sequences].

Peri‐ and postoperative outcomes of robot‐assisted radical cystectomy (RARC)

• To assess peri-and postoperative outcomes of robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) with pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) and urinary diversion for the treatment of bladder cancer. • We review our previously described surgical technique for RARC and its development over recent years, with an accompanied video illustration. • We also focus on peri- and postoperative outcomes of RARC and compare this with the 'gold standard' of open RC. • RARC has been steadily growing since 2003, with acceptable peri-and postoperative outcomes. • Most studies report decreased blood loss, return of bowel function, and shorter length of hospital stay. Furthermore, complication rates have been shown to be similar to that of open series. • Most importantly, oncological outcomes appear to be favourable in terms of margin status, LND and disease-specific survival, although data may be affected by the lack of long-term results and a randomized clinical trial assessing overall survival. • RARC with PLND and urinary diversion is an increasingly used strategy in the treatment armamentarium for bladder cancer. • Perioperative and oncological outcomes from existing data have been favourable thus far, but are limited by relatively short follow-up. • Randomized clinical trials with extended patient follow-up are needed to fully assess outcomes related to RARC.

Techniques for Robotic Nephrectomy with Vena Caval Tumor Thrombectomy

Objectives: Laparoscopy has become the standard of care for most renal tumors but not yet for renal cell carcinoma involving the vena cava (IVC). Robotic technology may facilitate such complex procedures. Methods: Two techniques for totally intracorporeal robotic nephrectomy for renal tumors with IVC tumor thrombus are described with video illustration.1,2 The first technique for smaller tumor thrombi involves tangential clamping of the IVC for preserved flow, whereas larger tumor thrombi are managed with IVC cross-clamping using modified Rummel tourniquets. In all cases, the IVC is circumferentially mobilized with all lumbar veins controlled. Laparoscopic ultrasonography is used selectively to evaluate extent of larger thrombi and to confirm lack of caval invasion. These techniques have been performed in five patients with one patient having two renal veins each with an IVC thrombus. Results: Robotic surgery has been applied safely for renal cell carcinoma with IVC tumor thrombus with the two described techniques in five patients with tumor sizes of 6 to 15.5 cm and thrombi protruding 1 to 5 cm into the IVC. Mean estimated blood loss was 170 mL (range, 50–400 mL). Mean operative time from incision to dressing including robotic full retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in four patients was 327 minutes (range, 240–411 minutes). The largest incision used for extraction was 6 cm and as small as 4 cm. Four patients were discharged on postoperative day 1 and the other patient on day 2. There were no complications, transfusions, or readmissions. Conclusions: Further experience is necessary to validate this promising application of robotic surgery and to determine whether more extensive thrombi can treated in minimally-invasive fashion. The author has no disclosures to report relevant to this publication. No competing financial interests exist. Runtime of video: 6 mins 54 secs

Behavior Therapy for Tourette's Syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorder: A Web-Based Video Illustration of Treatment Components

Tic disorders have traditionally been conceptualized as neurobiological conditions and consequently within the purview of neurologists. In the last few decades, however, a number of psychosocial treatments have been developed and tested. To date, a behavioral treatment called Habit Reversal Training (HRT) has garnered the most empirical support as an efficacious treatment for tic disorders. HRT is a multicomponent, short-term, behavioral intervention. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the behavioral treatment of tic disorders including a detailed description of the core components of HRT: awareness training and competing response training. We will also review function-based assessment and treatment strategies, which have been emphasized in more recent behavioral approaches. The accompanying videos demonstrate aspects of these clinical techniques.

Non‐convulsive status in the ring chromosome 20 syndrome: a video illustration of 3 cases

ABSTRACT We report the clinical history and the video‐EEG recordings of three young adults with r(20), who exibited repeated episodes of non‐convulsive status epilepticus, often triggered by emotional events. This recognizable clinical entity associates a slight mental deficiency, behavioural disorder and epilepsy, often resistant to treatment and with a particular clinical presentation. We demonstrate with video EEG recording, atypical absence status triggered by emotional behaviour with ictal EEG characterized by bifrontal slow waves, often rhythmic, or sharp waves. Our report highlights the characteristic features of non‐convulsive status in this electro‐clinical syndrome.