Video Fragments Research Articles

Relevance of the intervention module “Coping with stress and unhelpful emotions” for parents living in multi-ethnic deprived neighborhoods

To achieve optimal satisfaction and impact of interventions in diverse populations, it is important to be sensitive to the needs and stressors of ethnic minority and low-income groups. This study examines the relevance of the intervention module ‘Coping with stress and unhelpful emotions’. The module, addressing parenting stress, was integrated in Group Triple P and delivered to parents living in multi-ethnic deprived neighborhoods in the Netherlands.To enable in-depth understanding of parents' and providers' experiences, a multi-informant qualitative methodology was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four providers and fourteen participants, observations were made during the performance of the module, and process evaluation forms were filled in by providers. A thematic analysis was conducted to interpret the results.Three overarching themes were identified: appreciation of sharing experiences, acceptability of the module's content, and the appropriateness of program materials. The module was considered relevant by both participants and providers. Feelings related to homesickness and stress were discussed in detail. Although sharing anecdotes was valued, they took up some of the limited time available for individual behavior practice. Participants were positive about the use of video fragments, whereas providers questioned the appropriateness and the ethnic/religious diversity of the material.These findings support the relevance of the intervention module on ‘Coping with stress and unhelpful emotions’ for parents living in multi-ethnic deprived neighborhoods. The module might be improved by allowing more time for and variety in behavior practice, including attention for positive emotions, and adjusting program materials for use among parents with, for example, limited language proficiency.

Parallel Fractal Compression Method for Big Video Data

With the development of technologies such as multimedia technology and information technology, a great deal of video data is generated every day. However, storing and transmitting big video data requires a large quantity of storage space and network bandwidth because of its large scale. Therefore, the compression method of big video data has become a challenging research topic at present. Performance of existing content‐based video sequence compression method is difficult to be effectively improved. Therefore, in this paper, we present a fractal‐based parallel compression method without content for big video data. First of all, in order to reduce computational complexity, a video sequence is divided into several fragments according to the spatial and temporal similarity. Secondly, domain and range blocks are classified based on the color similarity feature to reduce computational complexity in each video fragment. Meanwhile, a fractal compression method is deployed in a SIMD parallel environment to reduce compression time and improve the compression ratio. Finally, experimental results show that the proposed method not only improves the quality of the recovered image but also improves the compression speed by compared with existing compression algorithms.

Telemonitoring of Capillary Blood Flow in the Human Skin: New Opportunities and Prospects

The oscillatory nature of cutaneous perfusion is fundamental and is caused by the functional activity of various regulatory mechanisms, which is confirmed by various methods of studying microcirculatory blood flow in humans. A conceptually new method for assessing skin microcirculation reviewed here is based on the analysis of video fragments of capillary blood flow in the skin registered with a conventional web camera (smartphone, tablet and others). The method makes it possible to evaluate the character of blood flow on the opposite to the heart “pole” of the greater (systemic) circulation - in the transitional part of the capillaries. Simplicity and usability of capillary blood flow telemonitoring in humans open way for a personalized approach to patient treatment as well as telemedical control of treatment effectiveness in a variety of pathological conditions. The following mini-review offers further insight into the subject.

Design of conception on lightning monitoring system for strikes to structures

The object of research is the monitoring system (MS) for lightning, which strikes specific objects or happening nearby. It is based on the use of regular (not high-speed) video cameras. Among drawbacks of some existing MS having video capturing of strike position, one can indicate that in automatic setting modes they are able to record comparatively reliably only discharges including continuous current component. Also, the triggering to start saving of video fragment with lightning into memory and transmission to server is provided usually by optical sensor only. Other sensors are used rarely or their characteristics are not well substantiated. High-speed cameras are also utilized sometime, but this is expensive and usually related to research projects. Two variants of MS conception were worked out during the study – complex and simplified. It is suggested to use additional sensors (electric and magnetic field, acoustic) for reliable triggering of MS and also several video cameras. In both variants of MS, for extraction of only frames containing captured lightning strikes from the whole recorded video row, it is suggested to use software based on computer vision library (Open CV). Characteristics of all sensors are substantiated and recommended, in particular: – video cameras – IP-type, 25…50 fps, 1080р or better; – optical sensor – sensitivity range 0.4…1 μm, time resolution – 1 μs, distance – up to 500 m; – «slow» electric field antenna – electronic type, 0.1…10 Hz; – «fast» electric field antenna – rode or plate type, 1 kHz…5(20) MHz; – magnetic field registration – compact ferrite antenna, 3…30(100) kHz; – thunder recording – capacitor microphones at 0 to 1…2 kHz. Experimental laboratory tests are carried out regarding designed optical sensor performance by using impulse current, which have parameters corresponding to actual lightning.

Tracking soccer players using spatio-temporal context learning under multiple views

With the popularity of soccer games and rapid development of computer technology, automatic soccer analysis systems have been studied a lot these years. Tracking soccer players, as the fundamental step in an analysis system, is of great research value and draws attention from researchers all over the world. In this paper, we propose an effective method which makes an improvement on spatiotemporal context learning and increases the accuracy by combining information from multiple views. At the same time, a two-dimensional plane graph is displayed to show the players’ movements correspondingly. Experiments are conducted on several video fragments and the results have shown that the proposed method reaches a relatively high accuracy even when there are heavy occlusions and pose variations.

Motion-Based Temporal Alignment of Independently Moving Cameras

This paper presents a method to establish a nonlinear temporal correspondence between two video sequences captured by cameras independently moving in a dynamic 3D scene. We assume that the 3D spatial poses of the cameras are known for each frame. With predefined trajectory basis, the coefficients of the reconstructed trajectory of a moving scene point reflect the rhythm in motion. A robust rank constraint from the coefficient matrices is exploited to measure the spatiotemporal alignment quality for every feasible pair of video fragments. Point correspondences across sequences are not required or even it is possible that different points are tracked in different sequences, only if they satisfy the assumption that every 3D point tracked in the observed sequence can be described as a linear combination of a subset of the 3D points tracked in the reference sequence. Synchronization is then performed using a graph-based search algorithm to find the globally optimal path that minimizes both spatial and temporal misalignments. Our algorithm can use both complete and incomplete feature trajectories along time, and is robust to mild outliers. We verify the robustness and performance of the proposed approach on synthetic data as well as on challenging real video sequences.

Self‐Reported Beliefs About Verbal Cues Correlate with Deception‐Detection Performance

SummaryIn this study, we investigated whether people who hold more correct beliefs about verbal cues to deception are also better lie detectors. We investigated police officers and undergraduates' beliefs about (i) cues to deception via an open‐ended question and (ii) 17 specific verbal cues, after which participants were asked to judge the truthfulness of eight video fragments. Results showed that undergraduates and police officers still hold wrongful beliefs about nonverbal cues, but have better insight into verbal cues. Moreover, a better insight in verbal cues was related to an increased accuracy for identifying truthful statements, showing that verbal cues do drive credibility judgments to some extent.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Routing protocol development for quality of service optimization of video‐on‐demand system over mobile ad hoc networks

SummaryA video‐on‐demand (VoD) application system over mobile ad hoc networks typically requires particular quality of service (QoS) parameters to be achieved. In this paper, we have proposed a novel QoS‐based routing protocol called as mobile VoD protocol. This protocol has been developed for improving the QoS of the mobile VoD system (normal Mobi_VoD approach). The protocol uses customer caching scheme for storing the first fragment of the entire video in the mobile customers and thereafter broadcast them when the new mobile customers missed the portion of the already transmitted first fragment for reducing the service delay of the customer, consequently optimizing QoS parameters. Various scenarios have been studied, and the efficacy of simulation results proves that the proposed system architecture in which the mobile customers use an ad hoc network caching scheme (mobile VoD protocol) is more efficient and performs better than the existing system (ad hoc on‐demand distance vector protocol) when compared in terms of QoS parameters such as the end‐to‐end delay, energy consumption, packet delivery ratio, throughput, and overhead.

THE STRUCTURE OF HAPPINESS REPRESENTATION FOR RUSSIAN AND AMERICAN REPRESENTATIVES

Introduction . Emotional state of students exerts direct impact on their ability and readiness to cope with challenges when studying, gives rise to the success of educational process and its effectiveness. In this regard, the search of methods and determination of the tasks of psychological diagnostics is brought into focus. Above all, the teacher should consider mentality and valuable attitudes of representatives of various cultures, including their understanding of happiness and personal well-being in the activity against the background of the increasing scales of the international and interethnic mobility. The development of Russian psychology has recently acquired the direction of positive psychology, the focus of which is happiness and positive functioning of the individual. Modern research reveals significant differences in the indicators of happiness and satisfaction with life between representatives of different cultures. However, the diagnostic tools used in such studies are based primarily on the model of happiness image that has been developed in American psychology. In this connection, the question arises as to what extent the image of happiness in American culture correlates with the image of happiness in Russian culture. The aim of this work is to study the representation of happiness between representatives of American and Russian culture, the definition of invariable and variable components in the structure of representation. Methodology and research methods . The study included several stages. At the first stage, the theoretical analysis and development of the ontology of the subject area “Psychology of Happiness” was carried out. At the second stage, an empirical study of the representations of American and Russian respondents was carried out. The main method of data collection was a narrative interview; a method of early personal memories was used to obtain the narrative of happiness. Subsequent processing of verbal characteristics was carried out using segmental content analysis. The K. Muller’s technique of sign analyzing was used for nonverbal characteristics. Statistical analysis of the data was based on the use of the coefficient of φ-angular Fisher transform, correlation coefficient φ, and cluster analysis. Results and scientific novelty . Three multimodal clusters were selected, the structure of each included verbal and non-verbal characteristics of the oral narrative of happiness, individual characteristics (gender, age), and personality traits (extraversion-introversion). It is shown that these clusters are invariant and are manifested in the representation of the state of happiness, regardless of belonging to culture. The variability in the oral narrative of happiness is manifested in the differences in the frequency of access to the categories represented in the clusters identified, as well as in minor changes in the structure of clusters due to age. In particular, the Russian students more often appealed to the categories describing values of family and family well-being, as well as they used the non-verbal units showing aspiration to deduction of emotional state. The American students were more inclined to the choice of the verbal units connected with achievements in activity, and non-verbal categories (peripheral gestures) indicating importance of the relations with other people. The verbal and non-verbal units, reflecting interaction with a social context, have been equally presented in the sample of the Russian and American respondents’ representations. Practical significance . The materials of the present publication can be taken into account when choosing methods of work in the framework of positive psychotherapy, as well as in developing training programs aimed at raising the level of subjective well-being, happiness and satisfaction with life. The obtained results are the basis for the development of practical recommendations for improving the effectiveness of intercultural communication, the security of interpersonal interaction. The experience of using the method of analyzing the sign units can be the basis for developing an automated system for analyzing the emotional state of an individual based on video fragments.

Answering why-not questions on semantic multimedia queries

Linked data is a promising way to publish media data as resources on the Web and interlink them with other resources. While significant amounts of image, audio and video fragments have been tagged ...

A web-Based Education Program to Stimulate Organ Donation Registration Among Lower-Educated Adolescents in the Netherlands

Background The gap between the supply and demand of organ donors is still substantial, causing patients to suffer from long waiting times or even die while waiting for an organ. Moreover, the lack of registrations leads to several problems, including the burden on family members and medical professionals when a unregistered individual dies. This article describes a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (CRCT) study to assess effectiveness and quality of implementation of a web-based program aimed at supporting lower-educated adolescents in making a well-informed decision about organ donation and stimulating them to register this choice. Methods The program is a website consisting of three modules: (1) video fragments to elicit discussion, (2) quizzes with tailored feedback and (3) registration forms for practicing purposes. It will be delivered by teachers at Intermediate Vocational Education schools in the Netherlands. The effectiveness will be assessed in a two-group posttest-only randomized design by means of self-administrated questionnaires. Randomization will take place on class level. Each experimental class will be matched with a control class within the same school to optimize equivalence of groups. Both groups will receive the program. Students in the control group will fill in the questionnaire before receiving the program, while the experimental group will do this after. The questionnaire assesses demographics, behavioural determinants (attitude, self-efficacy, knowledge and social outcomes), intention to register (as a donor) and current registration status. Intention to register is the main outcome. Six months after delivery, the registration status will be assessed again. Additionally, a process evaluation will be conducted to evaluate the quality of implementation using both qualitative (i.e. semi-structured interviews) and quantitative (i.e. logbooks, questionnaires, Google Analytics to track user behaviour at the website) methods. Results A study protocol to get insight into effectiveness and quality of implementation of a web-based program aimed at stimulating organ donation registration among lower-educated students. Conclusion Findings of the study can help to further improve the program and serve as a basis for a solid dissemination plan. Moreover, the study provides insight in the translation of research into practice of school-based health promotion interventions, which can serve as an example for others.

Revealing Event Saliency in Unconstrained Video Collection.

Recent progresses in multimedia event detection have enabled us to find videos about a predefined event from a large-scale video collection. Research towards more intrinsic unsupervised video understanding is an interesting but understudied field. Specifically, given a collection of videos sharing a common event of interest, the goal is to discover the salient fragments, i.e., the curt video fragments that can concisely portray the underlying event of interest, from each video. To explore this novel direction, this paper proposes an unsupervised event saliency revealing framework. It first extracts features from multiple modalities to represent each shot in the given video collection. Then, these shots are clustered to build the cluster-level event saliency revealing framework, which explores useful information cues (i.e., the intra-cluster prior, inter-cluster discriminability, and inter-cluster smoothness) by a concise optimization model. Compared with the existing methods, our approach could highlight the intrinsic stimulus of the unseen event within a video in an unsupervised fashion. Thus, it could potentially benefit to a wide range of multimedia tasks like video browsing, understanding, and search. To quantitatively verify the proposed method, we systematically compare the method to a number of baseline methods on the TRECVID benchmarks. Experimental results have demonstrated its effectiveness and efficiency.

A Theory of Relational Ageism: A Discourse Analysis of the 2015 White House Conference on Aging.

The widespread use of ageist language is generally accepted as commonplace and routine in most cultures and settings. In order to disrupt ageism, we must examine the use of ageist language and sentiments among those on the front line of providing advocacy, services, and policy for older adults; the professional culture of the aging services network. The recorded video segments from the sixth White House Conference on Aging (WHCOA) provided a unique opportunity to examine discourse used by professionals and appointed representatives in the field of aging within a professional sociocultural context. A qualitative discourse analysis of video recordings was used to analyze the 15 video fragments that comprised the recorded sessions of the 2015 WHCOA. About 26 instances were identified that captured statements expressing personal age, aging or an age-related characteristic negatively in regard to self or other (microageism), and/or statements expressing global negative opinions or beliefs about aging and older adults based on group membership (macroageism). A theoretical pathway was established that represents the dynamic process by which ageist statements were expressed and reinforced (relational ageism). Numerous instances of ageism were readily identified as part of a live streamed and publically accessible professional conference attended and presented by representatives of the aging services network. To make meaningful gains in the movement to disrupt ageism and promote optimal aging for all individuals, we must raise awareness of the relational nature, expression, and perpetuation of ageism.

Anxiety and Social Responsiveness Moderate the Effect of Situational Demands on Children's Donating Behavior

This study examined dispositional and situational correlates of donating behavior in a sample of 221 eight-year-old children. Children were shown a promotional clip for a charity, including a donation call. For a random half of the children, the video fragment ended with a probe of a same-sex peer donating money to the charity. Seeing a peer donate was associated with higher donations. Empathy and inhibition were not related to donating. Anxiety and social responsiveness moderated the effect of the situational manipulation on donating. Anxious children and children with less social responsiveness problems donated more after seeing the donating peer than did less anxious children and children with more social responsiveness problems. Moreover, in absence of the donating peer, anxious children donated less money than did less anxious children. Our results indicate that donating behavior is dependent on situational demands, and the situational effect differs depending on children’s levels of anxiety or social responsiveness.

Efficacy of the Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline in Twin Families (VIPP-Twins): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BackgroundIntervention programs with the aim of enhancing parenting quality have been found to be differentially effective in decreasing negative child outcomes such as externalizing behavioral problems, resulting in modest overall effect sizes. Here we present the protocol for a randomized controlled trial to examine the efficacy of the Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline for Twin Families (VIPP-Twins) on parenting quality and children’s behavioral control and social competence. In addition, we aim to test the differential susceptibility theory; we examine differential efficacy of the intervention based on genetic make-up or temperament for both parents and children. Lastly, we explore neurobiological mechanisms underlying intervention effects on children’s developmental outcomes.Methods/designThe original VIPP-SD was adapted for use in families with twins. The VIPP-Twins consists of five biweekly sessions in which the families are visited at home, parent-child interactions are videotaped and parents receive positive feedback on selected video fragments. Families (N = 225) with a same sex twin (mean age = 3.6 years) were recruited to participate in the study. The study consists of four assessments. After two baseline assessments in year 1 and year 2, a random 40 % of the sample will receive the VIPP-Twins program. The first post-test assessment will be carried out one month after the intervention and there will be a long term follow-up assessment two years after the intervention. Measures include observational assessments of parenting and children’s social competence and behavioral control, and neurobiological assessments (i.e., hormonal functioning and neural (re-)activity).DiscussionResults of the study will provide insights in the efficacy of the VIPP-Twins and reveal moderators and mediators of program efficacy. Overall the randomized controlled trial is an experimental test of the differential susceptibility theory.Trial registrationDutch Trial Register: NTR5312; Date registered: July 20, 2015.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40359-016-0139-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Writing-in-interaction

This article, introducing the special issue, aims at sketching the emerging field of studies on writing-in-interaction within an ethnomethodological (EM) and conversation analytic (CA) perspective. It does so by situating research carried out in this perspective within the existing literature and by offering some larger input on how the field could be developed. Writing-in-interaction is here approached by considering writing in social interaction as a multimodal phenomenon, with a special emphasis on handwriting. The paper presents current studies and further possible developments of writing in interaction, including the detailed analysis of video fragments. It shows how it is possible to finely analyze the moment-by-moment organization of writing as a multimodal social practice, demonstrating its embodied projectability, its material and multimodal graphic achievement, and its embeddedness in sequential organization and in multiactivity.

METHODOLOGY INTELLIGENT PROCESSING OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS WITH THE RELEASE OF THE KEY FEATURES DECRYPTION

This paper developed a method compatibility code construction energetically significant structural unit with the requirement of the method of block symmetric encryption algorithm encryption to close the streaming video technology-based intra-breeding base of the video frame. The methodological basis for calculating the bit rate of the basic structural unit of the encrypted video frame. Schemes of forming bitmap to match the encryption key matrices. Also, encryption is a diagram of a significant structural unit of the base frame. A comparative analysis of the bitstream encoded structural unit in the bit stream of the original video fragment.

MDASH: A Markov Decision-Based Rate Adaptation Approach for Dynamic HTTP Streaming

Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) has recently been widely deployed in the Internet. It, however, does not impose any adaptation logic for selecting the quality of video fragments requested by clients. In this paper, we propose a novel Markov decision-based rate adaptation scheme for DASH aiming to maximize the quality of user experience under time-varying channel conditions. To this end, our proposed method takes into account those key factors that make a critical impact on visual quality, including video playback quality, video rate switching frequency and amplitude, buffer overflow/underflow, and buffer occupancy. Besides, to reduce computational complexity, we propose a low-complexity sub-optimal greedy algorithm which is suitable for real-time video streaming. Our experiments in network test-bed and real-world Internet all demonstrate the good performance of the proposed method in both objective and subjective visual quality.

It’s Not Just What You Say, But How You Say It: Muiltimodal Sentiment Analysis Via Crowdsourcing

This paper examines the effect of various modalities of expression on the reliability of crowdsourced sentiment polarity judgments. A novel corpus of YouTube video reviews was created, and sentiment judgments were obtained via Amazon Mechanical Turk. We created a system for isolating text, video, and audio modalities from YouTube videos to ensure that annotators could only see the particular modality or modalities being evaluated. Reliability of judgments was assessed using Fleiss Kappa inter-annotator agreement values. We found that the audio only modality produced the most reliable judgments for video fragments and that across modalities video fragments are less ambiguous than full videos.

A multimedia system to produce and deliver video fragments on demand on parliamentary websites

Parliamentary websites have become one of the most important windows for citizens and media to follow the activities of their legislatures and to hold parliaments to account. Therefore, most parliamentary institutions aim to provide new multimedia solutions capable of displaying video fragments on demand on plenary activities. This paper presents a multimedia system for parliamentary institutions to produce video fragments on demand through a website with linked information and public feedback that helps to explain the content shown in these fragments. A prototype implementation has been developed for the Canary Islands Parliament (Spain) and shows how traditional parliamentary streaming systems can be enhanced by the use of semantics and computer vision for video analytics. The semantic web technologies used make search capabilities on parliamentary websites available to users to retrieve video fragments on demand with accurate and timely information. In addition, video analytic techniques enable the automation of identifying representative keyframes to be annotated by parliamentary experts. As a result, parliaments are able to enhance citizens' access to information and ensure that these institutions are more open and accountable on their websites and; at the same time, the labor-intensive tasks of parliamentary experts are considerably reduced.