Video Applications Research Articles

How stress influences short video addiction in China: an extended compensatory internet use model

IntroductionThe rise of short video applications has become a defining feature of modern digital media consumption, drawing increasing attention from researchers due to issues related to short video addiction. While earlier studies have examined the perceived stress as a cause of short video addiction, there is limited understanding of the potential mechanisms underlying the relationship between these two variables. Building on compensatory Internet use (CIU) theory, this study introduces an extended model (E-CIU) to explore how stress, compensatory motivations (i.e., social interaction and relaxing entertainment), and affective responses (i.e., immersion and attitude) relate to short video addiction. This study also examines differences between the age groups.MethodsData from 319 Chinese short video users were tested applying partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and PLS-SEM multigroup analysis.ResultsFindings indicate that stress, immersion, and attitude each contribute positively to short video addiction. Stress is linked to both social interaction and relaxing entertainment. While both factors positively affect attitude toward short videos, only relaxing entertainment enhances immersion. Results confirmed the perceived stress indirectly influences short video addiction through a serial mediating pathway comprising motivations and affective responses. Moreover, the study shows that perceived stress influences social interaction, relaxing entertainment influences attitude and immersion, and social interaction influences immersion across all age groups. The study further identified variations in how different groups experience the relationship between stress and addiction, stress and relaxation, attitude and addiction, and immersion and addiction.DiscussionConsequently, this study enriches the understanding of the E-CIU as a new theoretical model of short video addiction. These insights offer practical recommendations for short video applications to address user engagement and addiction more effectively.

Effect of virtual reality video application on fistula puncture-associated pain in patients undergoing hemodialysis: Assessor-blinded randomized trial.

To elucidate the effect of virtual reality video application on fistula puncture-associated pain in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Attention controlled and assessor-blinded randomized trial. Attention controlled and assessor-blinded randomized trial was conducted 28 patients at the hemodialysis center of City Hospital. The patients in the intervention group (n = 14) participated in 12 hemodialysis sessions with virtual reality video application under the researcher's supervision. The patients in the control group (n = 14) received a 6-min training session on diet compliance. The Sociodemographic Form and Visual Analog Scale were used to collect data in person at various time points: baseline (t0), during the 1st to 12th hemodialysis sessions (t1-t12), and 1 week after implementation (t13). Virtual reality video application helped in effectively decreasing pain over time, as revealed by significant differences in the measurements at t1-t12 and t13 (p < 0.05). Time-based variations in within-group differences revealed that the median fistula puncture-associated pain values were significantly higher at baseline and t13 measurements in the intervention group (p < 0.05). In contrast, no significant differences were observed in the median fistula puncture-associated pain values in the control group (p < 0.05). In patients undergoing hemodialysis, the application of virtual reality helps decrease fistula puncture-associated pain values. Advances in technology, particularly virtual reality, may play a vital role in shaping the future of healthcare.

Consumer Impulse Buying in Hungary: a CB-SEM Analysis of Hungarian Consumer Behaviour towards Mobile Short Video Applications Based on a Chinese Reference Model

Mobile Short Video Applications are becoming increasingly popular worldwide. The appropriate content can shape, improve or change consumers' purchasing decisions. This paper examines the attitudinal differences in impulse buying related to the use and acceptance of MSAs by adapting a model already validated in China to Hungarian users. The analysis was conducted using Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modelling (CB-SEM). A structured questionnaire survey of 283 respondents in Hungary shows that the Chinese model cannot fully be applied to Hungary. A major difference between the results of the two models is that in the Hungarian model, perceived expertise shows a positive relationship with flow experience. This indicates that video makers - in the case of Hungarian videos - should produce content including introductory information and the operation of the product. The results suggest that in the case of MSA use in Hungary, perceived expertise affects impulse buying indirectly, but flow experience directly. Flow experience is only influenced by perceived expertise (β = 0.31, ρ<0.05), with an explained variance of 10%. Flow experience (β = 0.46, ρ<0.05) with its direct effect on impulse buying behaviour accounts for 21% of the variance. Hungarian and Chinese MSA users have different preferences in terms of content, thus the results provide important information for both international short video creators and companies entering the international market.

Effects of short video addiction on college students' physical activity: the chain mediating role of self-efficacy and procrastination.

Excessive use of short video applications can adversely affect the physical and mental health of college students. At present, regarding the effect of short video addiction on physical exercise, few scholars have studied the mechanism of action. This study aims to investigate the mechanism by which short video addiction impacts college students' physical exercise. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between short video addiction and physical activity, and examined the influence of self-efficacy and procrastination on this relationship. In this research, 304 college students were selected as survey subjects. The questionnaires included Short Video Addiction Scale, Physical Activity Rating Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Short Version General Procrastination Scale. The data underwent correlation analysis using SPSS and mediation effect analysis using the PROCESS macro program. (1) 61.51% (187) of college students' physical activity was low exercise. (2) Physical activity was significantly negatively impacted by short video addiction. (3) Self-efficacy played an independent mediating role in the association between short video addiction and physical activity. (4) The association between short video addiction and physical activity was independently mediated by procrastination. (5) Self-efficacy and procrastination function as chain mediators in the association between short video addiction and physical activity. Our research identifies the role that self-efficacy and procrastination play in the connection between short video addiction and physical activity. Decreasing the utilization of short video applications and enhancing self-efficacy can reduce procrastination and improve physical activity for college student groups.

Douyin—— the leading application in short video in the next decade

In recent years, along with the comprehensive innovation of communication technology, new media has also achieved rapid development and gradually penetrated into various fields. According to the 48th Statistical Report on the Development of the Internet in China released by the China Internet Network Information Center, as of June 2021, the number of Internet users in China has reached 1.011 billion, of which 888 million are short video users, accounting for 87.8% of the total Internet users. According to the survey results of the products most commonly used by short video users from 2020 to 2021, Douyin ranked first with 45.2%. As one of the emerging social media, Douyin short video APP is different from the previous simple graphic social, but the combination of music, special effects and video, so as to closely connect users of different ages, industries and identities. Based on this, this paper will discuss the possibility of Douyin platform to achieve fine operation and further expand market share by optimizing user generated content (UGC) model and analyzing the personality and commonality of audience psychology.

Association between parental phubbing and short-form video addiction: A moderated mediation analysis among Chinese adolescents

BackgroundShort-form video applications have spread rapidly and gained popularity among adolescents for their interactivity, sociality, and personalization. However, excessive and uncontrolled use has also caused some adolescents to develop short-form video addiction (SFVA). Although parental phubbing has been shown to be a risk factor for SFVA in adolescents, its intermediate mechanisms, particularly the emotional mediation mechanisms, remain unclear. Therefore, this study aims to explore the relationships among parental phubbing, SFVA, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and neuroticism in adolescents. MethodsAdolescents aged 13–19 (N = 5785) were recruited from Shandong Province, China, as participants in 2023. Participants were asked to complete five self-report questionnaires, including the Parental Phubbing Behavior Questionnaire (PPBQ), Short-Form Video Addiction (SFVA) Scale, The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD20), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) Scale, and Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory (Brief Version) (CBF-PI-B). ResultsThe results indicate that the influence of parental phubbing on short-form video addiction among adolescents is mediated by symptoms of depression and anxiety. Additionally, neuroticism moderates the association between parental phubbing and symptoms of depression and anxiety. LimitationsCross-sectional design limits causal inferences. Reliance on self-report scales. ConclusionsThese findings contribute to a better understanding of the systemic impact mechanisms of negative family interactions on SFVA. Moreover, prevention and intervention strategies targeting high neuroticism and symptoms of depression and anxiety may help prevent the developmental pathway from parental phubbing to SFVA.

ACroSS: AI-driven cross-layer adaptive streaming for short video applications

As short video applications gain popularity, researchers are exploring ways to enhance Quality of Experience (QoE) for short videos while maximizing network bandwidth efficiency. Despite the growing interest, existing Adaptive Bitrate (ABR) algorithms primarily concentrate on content prefetching strategies and often overlook the dynamic interaction between network congestion control and ABR. This interaction is especially critical for short video streaming, where network conditions can fluctuate rapidly, and user expectations for seamless playback are high. To address these challenges, we propose aCroSS, an AI-driven framework for adaptive short video streaming that jointly optimizes both the application and transport layers to enhance QoE and bandwidth utilization. The aCroSS algorithm leverages advanced machine learning techniques to adapt in real time to fluctuating network conditions and dynamic user behaviors, delivering a more robust and responsive streaming experience. Our simulation results demonstrate that aCroSS consistently outperforms existing baseline algorithms, achieving more than a 10% improvement in utility scores across various network trace datasets. This highlights the effectiveness of aCroSS in delivering superior performance in diverse streaming environments.

FCS videos: Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy in space and time

Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS), invented more than 50 years ago is a widely used tool providing information on molecular processes in a variety of samples from materials to life sciences. In the last two decades FCS was multiplexed and ultimately made into an imaging technique that provided maps of molecular parameters over whole sample cross-section. However, it was still limited by a measurement time on the order of minutes. With the improvement of FCS time resolution to seconds using deep learning, we extend here FCS to so-called FCS videos that can provide information how the molecular parameters determined by Imaging FCS change in space and time. This opens up new possibilities for the investigation of molecular processes. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of the approach and show FCS video applications to lipid bilayers and cell membranes.

On the Security of Selectively Encrypted HEVC Video Bitstreams

With the growing applications of video, ensuring its security has become of utmost importance. Selective encryption (SE) has gained significant attention in the field of video content protection due to its compatibility with video codecs, favorable visual distortion, and low time complexity. However, few studies consider SE security under cryptographic attacks. To fill this gap, we analyze the security concerns of encrypted bitstreams by SE schemes and propose two known plaintext attacks (KPAs). Then the corresponding defense is presented against the KPAs. To validate the effectiveness of the KPA, it is applied to attack two existing SE schemes with superior visual degradation in HEVC videos. Firstly, the video sequences are encoded using H.265/HEVC. During encoding, the selected syntax elements are recorded. Secondly, the recorded syntax elements are imported into the HEVC decoder. By utilizing the encryption parameters and the imported data in the decoder, it becomes possible to reconstruct a significant portion of the original syntax elements before encryption. Finally, the reconstructed syntax elements are compared with the encrypted syntax elements in the decoder, allowing the design of a pseudo-key stream (PKS) through the inverse of the encryption operations. The PKS is used to decrypt the existing SE scheme, and the experimental results provide evidence that the two existing SE schemes are vulnerable to the proposed KPAs. In the case of single bitstream estimation (SBE), the average correct rate of key stream estimation exceeds 93%. Moreover, with multi-bitstream complementation (MBC), the average estimation accuracy can be further improved to 99%.

A Study on the Use of New Media in Museums to Forge the Consciousness of Chinese National Community: A Case Study of Museums in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

In the era of "Internet +," the vigorous development of digital media technology has provided a new way and a new method for forging a sense of community in the Chinese nation. As an important cultural position, museums should conform to the trend of The Times, give full play to the advantages of new media communication, and play an active role in education and publicity. This paper takes the Museum of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (hereinafter referred to as Guangxi Museum) as an example, sorts out the application of short videos in Guangxi Museum, and puts forward the path for Guangxi Museum to use short videos to spread awareness of the community of the Chinese nation. The first is to refine the short video theme in-depth exploration of different cultural themes. Second, we should optimize the short video content, pay attention to the innovation of form and content, and give play to the advantages of interactivity and fun. Third, it is necessary to enrich the presentation of short videos and use the platforms of major institutions to allow the public to experience the charm of culture without leaving home. Fourth, it is necessary to expand the transmission channels of short videos and use the combination of online and offline methods to display cultural content in a three-dimensional manner. Guangxi Museum integrates the consciousness of building the Chinese national community into the whole process of organizing the exhibition, and it empowers Guangxi Museum through short videos to strive for a better communication effect.

Evaluation of the Impact of Webinar on Teaching Mathematics to Undergraduate Students

Webinar is an application of video conferencing to communicate with a group of persons and have discussions as if all are in the same place. It is a handy tool for distance learning and educational-based communication. Employing webinars in education has the advantage of helping users achieve their goals in their comfort zones. In this study, a survey of 250 undergraduate students and 50 mathematics teachers on the impact of webinars on the teaching of mathematics was carried out. The students were divided into 50 students majoring in mathematics and 200 students who offered mathematics as a compulsory course. All the teachers were university lecturers currently teaching mathematics in the universities in Rivers State, Nigeria. All the subjects are familiar with the webinar. Fourteen-item Likert Scale questionnaire was used for the study. Data collected were analyzed using a chi-square test at a .05 significance level. The result reveals that webinars are an acceptable medium for teaching mathematics but with reservations. The proviso is that it should be used where one–to–one interaction is impossible. Secondly, the webinar package should be wealthy so that while discussing, it would be easy to understand and waste of resources on data avoided.

Application of Knowledge-based Short Videos in University Students’ Learning: Examination and Enhancement of Motivation, Goals, Strategies, and Achievements

Application of Knowledge-based Short Videos in University Students’ Learning: Examination and Enhancement of Motivation, Goals, Strategies, and Achievements

Analyzing competencies in creating and using educational videos in students of different educational programs

In modern science, it is generally accepted that the video format is more effective than other forms of presentation. Video content for educational purposes corresponds to human physiology, is on­trend and pedagogically proven. The authors analyze the scientific literature and personal professional experience of teachers and educational resources developers, and conclude that it is necessary to form competencies in the sphere of video content creation and application in university students of different educational programs, and present a model of these competencies. To obtain a comprehensive and up­to­date point of view regarding the formation of university students’ competencies in the sphere of application and creation of educational video content and their experience in developing educational videos, a project was initiated in which students created an educational video and then filled out a questionnaire where they evaluated not only the features of video content in education but also their personal experience of video creation and their competencies. The students’ questionnaires provide a rich material for quantitative and qualitative analysis of the formation of competencies that are necessary for creation of educational videos. The presented results may be of practical interest to teachers of educational organizations planning to create video content and apply it to improve the efficiency and quality of education, as well as to implement the formation of relevant competencies in students.

Towards Reducing Continuous Emotion Annotation Effort During Video Consumption: A Physiological Response Profiling Approach

Emotion-aware video applications (e.g., gaming, online meetings, online tutoring) strive to moderate the content presentations for a more engaging and improved user experience. These services typically deploy a machine-learning model that continuously infers the user's emotion (based on different physiological signals, facial expressions, etc.) to adapt the content delivery. Therefore, to train such models, the emotion ground truth labels also need to be collected continuously. Typically, those are collated as emotion self-reports from users in a continuous manner (using an auxiliary device such as a joystick) when they watch some videos. This process of continuous emotion annotation not only increases the cognitive load and survey fatigue but also significantly deteriorates the viewing experience. To address this problem, we propose a framework, PResUP that probes a user for emotion self-reports opportunistically based on the physiological response variations of the user. Specifically, the framework implements a sequence of phases - (a) user profile construction based on physiological responses, (b) similar user clustering based on the user profile, and (c) training a parameterized activation-guided LSTM (Long short-term memory) model by sharing data among similar users to detect the opportune self-report collection moments. All these steps together help to reduce the continuous emotion annotation overhead by probing at the opportune moments without compromising the annotation quality. We evaluated PResUP by conducting a user study (N=36) during which the participants watched eight videos, and their physiological responses and continuous emotion self-reports were recorded. The key results from this evaluation reveal that PResUP reduces the annotation overhead by reducing the probing rate by an average of 34.80% and detects the opportune probing moments with an average TPR of 80.07% without compromising the annotation quality. Motivated by these findings, we deployed PResUP by performing a follow-up user study (N=18). In this deployment scenario, we also obtained similar performance in terms of the probing rate reduction (average reduction of 38.05%), and opportune moment detection performance (average TPR of 82.26%). These findings underscore the utility of PResUP in reducing the continuous emotion annotation effort during video consumption.

Film as a Form of Cultural Medium: Trends of the Film Industry

As an important form of entertainment, this paper delves into global cinema, analyzing the significant factors that have shaped the patterns people watch and evaluate films in recent years. The paper focuses on three primary dynamics: the COVID-19 pandemic, the diminishing qualities of movies themselves including the proliferating numbers of remakes and sequels, a perceived decline in film quality attributed to Hollywood's emphasis on political correctness, as well as the emergence of streaming services and short video applications. The epidemic has greatly transformed the conventional practice of seeing movies in theaters, expediting the transition to digital platforms. Simultaneously, there is widespread discontent among people over the current standard of movies. The emergence of streaming and platforms for short-form material has caused the audience to become more divided, providing a wide range of options for viewing and posing a challenge to the traditional cinema model. The complex interplay between these forces and their collective influence on the future of film as a cultural and entertainment medium.

Interpretability in Video-based Human Action Recognition: Saliency Maps and GradCAM in 3D Convolutional Neural Networks

Interpretability plays a vital role in understanding complex deep learning models by providing transparency and insights. It addresses the black-box nature of these models, aids in human-in-the-loop systems, enhances model development, and supports education. However, existing interpretability algorithms in computer vision primarily target images, leaving a gap for video applications. In this article, we emphasize the importance of interpretability in video-based Human Action Recognition (HAR). We extend existing 2D interpretability techniques to the 3D domain, specifically focusing on saliency maps and gradient-weighted class activation maps. The proposed interpretability system is then employed in the analysis of a well-known HAR dataset to better understand action recognition in videos.

An intelligent fuzzy reinforcement learning-based routing algorithm with guaranteed latency and bandwidth in SDN: Application of video conferencing services

Online video conferencing services connection by multipoint control units leads to communication bottleneck and high latency. Due to the dynamic traffic in routing connection requests to video conferences, the existing routing algorithms face problems such as communication bottlenecks, high latency, congestion, path redundancy, and local optimum. In recent years, the implementation of video conferencing systems using Software-Defined Networking (SDN) provides new opportunities to improve Quality of Service (QoS) with low latency. In this paper, an Intelligent Fuzzy reinforcement learning-based Routing Algorithm is proposed, which simultaneously Guarantees Latency and Bandwidth for online video conferencing services in SDN (named IFRA-GLB). Fuzzy logic mainly performs online routing between an ingress–egress pair. Meanwhile, through ongoing training, reinforcement learning lowers the average number of hops on the path determined by fuzzy model. Enhancements to the convergence capability of IFRA and reduced reliance on network topology are achieved by adjusting link weights using a weighted shortest path algorithm focused on critical nodes. When the network encounters congestion, a deferral module is applied to assign higher priority to requests with lower resource demands. Experimental results demonstrate that IFRA-GLB significantly improves performance and convergence compared to existing solutions, enhancing the QoS for video conferencing services. Specifically, IFRA-GLB increases the average admission rate by 1.96% for MIRA topology and 2.71% for ANSNET topology with 3.5% lower latency.

Application of Interactive Object Model in Sports Teaching

Traditional physical education is just repeated training without quantitative teaching and training data results. Multimedia information analysis and retrieval technology can make repeated research on the content of competition or training, and increase the quantitative analysis of training indicators. Therefore, this paper proposes an interactive compressed domain key video object model to realize the design and production of physical education video, so as to quantify the effect of physical education. This paper discusses the interactive design and application of PE teaching video from three aspects: static, dynamic, and semantic. The interactive object model proposed in this paper can formulate corresponding strategies for different key sports video objects. The distortion rate of the complete key video object is 2.3%, which is 0.09% lower than the distortion rate of the Kim2002 scheme. From a usage perspective, through the scheme proposed in this article, coaches can obtain teaching videos with simple initial extreme values on an interactive interface, and the distortion rate of the video object is lower than that of traditional schemes.

The Effectiveness of the Application of Digital Technology and Learning Videos in the Process of Writing Inspirational Stories

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of digital technology and learning videos in the process of writing inspirational stories. The research was conducted with the experimental method of pre-experimental design (nondesign), namely one group pretest-posttest design (one class only) with the research subject of class IX-A students of SMP Negeri 1 Idanogawo totaling 32 people. The results showed that the percentage of effectiveness of digital technology and learning videos was 80.5% with a decent category and an average score of 76.5. The benefits of digital technology and learning videos include: (1) the emergence of innovative learning methods/strategies, (2) encouraging teachers to be more creative, (3) making it easier to access learning resources, (4) making it easier for teachers to deliver material, (5) making it easier for students to understand the topics discussed, (6) saving time.

Supporting Immersive Video Streaming via V2X Communication

With the rapid advancement of autonomous driving and network technologies, future vehicles will function as network nodes, facilitating information transmission. Concurrently, in-vehicle entertainment systems will undergo substantial enhancements. Beyond traditional broadcasting and video playback, future systems will integrate immersive applications featuring 360-degree views and six degrees of freedom (6DoF) capabilities. As autonomous driving technology matures, vehicle passengers will be able to engage in a broader range of entertainment activities while on the move. However, this evolution in video applications will significantly increase bandwidth demand for vehicular networks, potentially leading to bandwidth shortages in congested traffic areas. This paper presents a method for bandwidth allocation for vehicle video applications within the landscape of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks. By utilizing a millimeter-wave (mmWave), terahertz (THz) frequency band, and cell-free (CF) extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) wireless communication technologies, we provide vehicle passengers with the necessary bandwidth resources. Additionally, we address bandwidth contention issues in congested road segments by incorporating communication methods tailored to the characteristics of vehicular environments. By classifying users and adjusting according to the unique requirements of various multimedia applications, we ensure that real-time applications receive adequate bandwidth. Simulation experiments validate the proposed method’s effectiveness in managing bandwidth allocation for in-vehicle video applications within V2X networks. It increases the available bandwidth during peak hours by 32%, demonstrating its ability to reduce network congestion and ensure smooth playback of various video application types.